Poor SATA / RAID performance (2.6.11 and promise SATAII150 TX4)

[Tim Harvey]

Greetings,

I'm attempting to benchmark software RAID5 on a system with:
  - Promise SATAII150 TX4 card
  - 4 Segate ST3300831AS drives 
  - custom built kernel 2.6.11 (to get driver for promise SATAIITX4)
  - FC3 install
  - EPIA M10000 mainboard, 256MB memory

The tools I'm familiar with for benchmarking a PATA based RAID system are:
  - hdparm
  - dd

Here are some interesting stats from my system:

[root@epiam10k ~]# more /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid5] 
md0 : active raid5 sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0]
      879100608 blocks level 5, 4k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
      
unused devices: <none>
[root@epiam10k ~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
 Timing buffered disk reads:  116 MB in  3.02 seconds =  38.45 MB/sec
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(null) (wait for flush complete) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for
device
[root@epiam10k ~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda1

/dev/sda1:
 Timing buffered disk reads:  104 MB in  3.05 seconds =  34.10 MB/sec
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(null) (wait for flush complete) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for
device
[root@epiam10k ~]# hdparm -t /dev/md0

/dev/md0:
 Timing buffered disk reads:   72 MB in  3.03 seconds =  23.79 MB/sec

[root@epiam10k ~]# vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in    cs us sy id wa
 1  0      0   3628   8984 142704    0    0   423    23 1023   112 30  3 61  6

Observations:
  - the performance of a raw SATA device (/dev/sda in the above example) seems
low when I compare it to a PATA drive from a previous system (which would get
about 45MB/sec)
  - the performance of the RAID5 array (/dev/md0) seems very low - I expect
quite an increase over a single device due to striping
  - the number of interrupts per second (1023) seems very high

Questions:
  - is hdparm the right tool for looking at SATA devices?
  - is the error regarding the ioctl an issue?
  - how do I set/get the DMA modes for the SATA controller and SATA drives?
  - why would the interrupts per sec reported from vmstat be so high?

Thanks for any suggesitons.  Please 'cc' me in any replies to the list.

Tim Harvey
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