[RFC PATCH 5/6] perf: Fix race in callchains

[Frederic Weisbecker]

Now that software events don't have interrupt disabled anymore in
the event path, callchains can nest on any context. So seperating
nmi and others contexts in two buffers has become racy.

Fix this by providing one buffer per nesting level. Given the size
of the callchain entries (2040 bytes * 4), we now need to allocate
them dynamically.

v2: Fixed put_callchain_entry call after recursion.
    Fix the type of the recursion, it must be an array.

v3: Use a manual per cpu allocation (temporary solution until NMIs
    can safely access vmalloc'ed memory).
    Do a better separation between callchain reference tracking and
    allocation. Make the "put" path lockless for non-release cases.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: David Miller <davem@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@xxxxxxxxx>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c |   22 ++--
 include/linux/perf_event.h       |    1 -
 kernel/perf_event.c              |  265 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 3 files changed, 205 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
index a3c9222..8e91cf3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
@@ -1608,6 +1608,11 @@ static const struct stacktrace_ops backtrace_ops = {
 void
 perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+		/* TODO: We don't support guest os callchain now */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	perf_callchain_store(entry, regs->ip);
 
 	dump_trace(NULL, regs, NULL, regs->bp, &backtrace_ops, entry);
@@ -1656,6 +1661,10 @@ perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, struct pt_regs *regs)
 	struct stack_frame frame;
 	const void __user *fp;
 
+	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+		/* TODO: We don't support guest os callchain now */
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
 	fp = (void __user *)regs->bp;
 
@@ -1681,19 +1690,6 @@ perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, struct pt_regs *regs)
 	}
 }
 
-struct perf_callchain_entry *perf_callchain_buffer(void)
-{
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
-		/* TODO: We don't support guest os callchain now */
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (in_nmi())
-		return &__get_cpu_var(perf_callchain_entry_nmi);
-
-	return &__get_cpu_var(perf_callchain_entry);
-}
-
 unsigned long perf_instruction_pointer(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 	unsigned long ip;
diff --git a/include/linux/perf_event.h b/include/linux/perf_event.h
index 4db61dd..d7e8ea6 100644
--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -983,7 +983,6 @@ extern void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry,
 				struct pt_regs *regs);
 extern void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry,
 				  struct pt_regs *regs);
-extern struct perf_callchain_entry *perf_callchain_buffer(void);
 
 
 static inline void
diff --git a/kernel/perf_event.c b/kernel/perf_event.c
index 615d024..6ad61fb 100644
--- a/kernel/perf_event.c
+++ b/kernel/perf_event.c
@@ -1764,6 +1764,183 @@ static u64 perf_event_read(struct perf_event *event)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Callchain support
+ */
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, callchain_recursion[4]);
+static atomic_t nr_callchain_events;
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(callchain_mutex);
+static struct perf_callchain_entry **callchain_cpu_entries;
+
+__weak void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry,
+				  struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+}
+
+__weak void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry,
+				struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+}
+
+static void release_callchain_buffers(void)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		kfree(callchain_cpu_entries[cpu]);
+		callchain_cpu_entries[cpu] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	kfree(callchain_cpu_entries);
+	callchain_cpu_entries = NULL;
+}
+
+static int alloc_callchain_buffers(void)
+{
+	int cpu;
+	struct perf_callchain_entry **entries;
+
+	/*
+	 * We can't use the percpu allocation API for data that can be
+	 * accessed from NMI. Use a temporary manual per cpu allocation
+	 * until that gets sorted out.
+	 */
+	entries = kzalloc(sizeof(*entries) * num_possible_cpus(), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!entries)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	callchain_cpu_entries = entries;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		entries[cpu] = kmalloc(sizeof(struct perf_callchain_entry) * 4,
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!entries[cpu])
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_callchain_buffers(void)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	int count;
+
+	mutex_lock(&callchain_mutex);
+
+	count = atomic_inc_return(&nr_callchain_events);
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(count < 1)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	if (count > 1) {
+		/* If the allocation failed, give up */
+		if (!callchain_cpu_entries)
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	err = alloc_callchain_buffers();
+	if (err)
+		release_callchain_buffers();
+exit:
+	mutex_unlock(&callchain_mutex);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void put_callchain_buffers(void)
+{
+	if (atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(&nr_callchain_events, &callchain_mutex)) {
+		release_callchain_buffers();
+		mutex_unlock(&callchain_mutex);
+	}
+}
+
+static int get_recursion_context(int *recursion)
+{
+	int rctx;
+
+	if (in_nmi())
+		rctx = 3;
+	else if (in_irq())
+		rctx = 2;
+	else if (in_softirq())
+		rctx = 1;
+	else
+		rctx = 0;
+
+	if (recursion[rctx])
+		return -1;
+
+	recursion[rctx]++;
+	barrier();
+
+	return rctx;
+}
+
+static inline void put_recursion_context(int *recursion, int rctx)
+{
+	barrier();
+	recursion[rctx]--;
+}
+
+static struct perf_callchain_entry *get_callchain_entry(int *rctx)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	*rctx = get_recursion_context(__get_cpu_var(callchain_recursion));
+	if (*rctx == -1)
+		return NULL;
+
+	cpu = smp_processor_id();
+
+	return &callchain_cpu_entries[cpu][*rctx];
+}
+
+static void
+put_callchain_entry(int rctx)
+{
+	put_recursion_context(__get_cpu_var(callchain_recursion), rctx);
+}
+
+static struct perf_callchain_entry *perf_callchain(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	int rctx;
+	struct perf_callchain_entry *entry;
+
+
+	entry = get_callchain_entry(&rctx);
+	if (rctx == -1)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!entry)
+		goto exit_put;
+
+	entry->nr = 0;
+
+	if (!user_mode(regs)) {
+		perf_callchain_store(entry, PERF_CONTEXT_KERNEL);
+		perf_callchain_kernel(entry, regs);
+		if (current->mm)
+			regs = task_pt_regs(current);
+		else
+			regs = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (regs) {
+		perf_callchain_store(entry, PERF_CONTEXT_USER);
+		perf_callchain_user(entry, regs);
+	}
+
+exit_put:
+	put_callchain_entry(rctx);
+
+	return entry;
+}
+
+/*
  * Initialize the perf_event context in a task_struct:
  */
 static void
@@ -1895,6 +2072,8 @@ static void free_event(struct perf_event *event)
 			atomic_dec(&nr_comm_events);
 		if (event->attr.task)
 			atomic_dec(&nr_task_events);
+		if (event->attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN)
+			put_callchain_buffers();
 	}
 
 	if (event->buffer) {
@@ -2937,55 +3116,6 @@ void perf_event_do_pending(void)
 	__perf_pending_run();
 }
 
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, perf_callchain_entry);
-
-/*
- * Callchain support -- arch specific
- */
-
-__weak struct perf_callchain_entry *perf_callchain_buffer(void)
-{
-	return &__get_cpu_var(perf_callchain_entry);
-}
-
-__weak void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry,
-				  struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
-}
-
-__weak void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry,
-				struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
-}
-
-static struct perf_callchain_entry *perf_callchain(struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
-	struct perf_callchain_entry *entry;
-
-	entry = perf_callchain_buffer();
-	if (!entry)
-		return NULL;
-
-	entry->nr = 0;
-
-	if (!user_mode(regs)) {
-		perf_callchain_store(entry, PERF_CONTEXT_KERNEL);
-		perf_callchain_kernel(entry, regs);
-		if (current->mm)
-			regs = task_pt_regs(current);
-		else
-			regs = NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (regs) {
-		perf_callchain_store(entry, PERF_CONTEXT_USER);
-		perf_callchain_user(entry, regs);
-	}
-
-	return entry;
-}
-
-
 /*
  * We assume there is only KVM supporting the callbacks.
  * Later on, we might change it to a list if there is
@@ -3480,14 +3610,20 @@ static void perf_event_output(struct perf_event *event, int nmi,
 	struct perf_output_handle handle;
 	struct perf_event_header header;
 
+	/* protect the callchain buffers */
+	rcu_read_lock();
+
 	perf_prepare_sample(&header, data, event, regs);
 
 	if (perf_output_begin(&handle, event, header.size, nmi, 1))
-		return;
+		goto exit;
 
 	perf_output_sample(&handle, &header, data, event);
 
 	perf_output_end(&handle);
+
+exit:
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4243,32 +4379,16 @@ end:
 int perf_swevent_get_recursion_context(void)
 {
 	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = &__get_cpu_var(perf_cpu_context);
-	int rctx;
 
-	if (in_nmi())
-		rctx = 3;
-	else if (in_irq())
-		rctx = 2;
-	else if (in_softirq())
-		rctx = 1;
-	else
-		rctx = 0;
-
-	if (cpuctx->recursion[rctx])
-		return -1;
-
-	cpuctx->recursion[rctx]++;
-	barrier();
-
-	return rctx;
+	return get_recursion_context(cpuctx->recursion);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_swevent_get_recursion_context);
 
 void inline perf_swevent_put_recursion_context(int rctx)
 {
 	struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx = &__get_cpu_var(perf_cpu_context);
-	barrier();
-	cpuctx->recursion[rctx]--;
+
+	put_recursion_context(cpuctx->recursion, rctx);
 }
 
 void __perf_sw_event(u32 event_id, u64 nr, int nmi,
@@ -4968,6 +5088,13 @@ done:
 			atomic_inc(&nr_comm_events);
 		if (event->attr.task)
 			atomic_inc(&nr_task_events);
+		if (event->attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN) {
+			err = get_callchain_buffers();
+			if (err) {
+				free_event(event);
+				return ERR_PTR(err);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	return event;
-- 
1.6.2.3

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