[PATCH tip/core/rcu 16/23] rcu: Prevent initialization-time quiescent-state race

[Paul E. McKenney]

From: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Now the the grace-period initialization procedure is preemptible, it is
subject to the following race on systems whose rcu_node tree contains
more than one node:

1.	CPU 31 starts initializing the grace period, including the
	first leaf rcu_node structures, and is then preempted.

2.	CPU 0 refers to the first leaf rcu_node structure, and notes
	that a new grace period has started.  It passes through a
	quiescent state shortly thereafter, and informs the RCU core
	of this rite of passage.

3.	CPU 0 enters an RCU read-side critical section, acquiring
	a pointer to an RCU-protected data item.

4.	CPU 31 removes the data item referenced by CPU 0 from the
	data structure, and registers an RCU callback in order to
	free it.

5.	CPU 31 resumes initializing the grace period, including its
	own rcu_node structure.  In invokes rcu_start_gp_per_cpu(),
	which advances all callbacks, including the one registered
	in #4 above, to be handled by the current grace period.

6.	The remaining CPUs pass through quiescent states and inform
	the RCU core, but CPU 0 remains in its RCU read-side critical
	section, still referencing the now-removed data item.

7.	The grace period completes and all the callbacks are invoked,
	including the one that frees the data item that CPU 0 is still
	referencing.  Oops!!!

This commit therefore moves the callback handling to precede initialization
of any of the rcu_node structures, thus avoiding this race.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
 kernel/rcutree.c |   33 +++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rcutree.c b/kernel/rcutree.c
index 55f20fd..d435009 100644
--- a/kernel/rcutree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcutree.c
@@ -1028,20 +1028,6 @@ rcu_start_gp_per_cpu(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_dat
 	/* Prior grace period ended, so advance callbacks for current CPU. */
 	__rcu_process_gp_end(rsp, rnp, rdp);
 
-	/*
-	 * Because this CPU just now started the new grace period, we know
-	 * that all of its callbacks will be covered by this upcoming grace
-	 * period, even the ones that were registered arbitrarily recently.
-	 * Therefore, advance all outstanding callbacks to RCU_WAIT_TAIL.
-	 *
-	 * Other CPUs cannot be sure exactly when the grace period started.
-	 * Therefore, their recently registered callbacks must pass through
-	 * an additional RCU_NEXT_READY stage, so that they will be handled
-	 * by the next RCU grace period.
-	 */
-	rdp->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL] = rdp->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL];
-	rdp->nxttail[RCU_WAIT_TAIL] = rdp->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL];
-
 	/* Set state so that this CPU will detect the next quiescent state. */
 	__note_new_gpnum(rsp, rnp, rdp);
 }
@@ -1068,6 +1054,25 @@ static int rcu_gp_init(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 	rsp->gpnum++;
 	trace_rcu_grace_period(rsp->name, rsp->gpnum, "start");
 	record_gp_stall_check_time(rsp);
+
+	/*
+	 * Because this CPU just now started the new grace period, we
+	 * know that all of its callbacks will be covered by this upcoming
+	 * grace period, even the ones that were registered arbitrarily
+	 * recently.    Therefore, advance all RCU_NEXT_TAIL callbacks
+	 * to RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL.  When the CPU later recognizes the
+	 * start of the new grace period, it will advance all callbacks
+	 * one position, which will cause all of its current outstanding
+	 * callbacks to be handled by the newly started grace period.
+	 *
+	 * Other CPUs cannot be sure exactly when the grace period started.
+	 * Therefore, their recently registered callbacks must pass through
+	 * an additional RCU_NEXT_READY stage, so that they will be handled
+	 * by the next RCU grace period.
+	 */
+	rdp = __this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
+	rdp->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL] = rdp->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL];
+
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp->lock, flags);
 
 	/* Exclude any concurrent CPU-hotplug operations. */
-- 
1.7.8

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