Re: [PATCH v3 1/2] PM / devfreq: add global PM QoS support

From: Rafael J. Wysocki
Date: Mon Sep 17 2012 - 17:03:47 EST

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On Monday, September 17, 2012, MyungJoo Ham wrote:
> Sender : Rafael J. Wysocki<rjw@xxxxxxx>
> Date : 2012-09-09 07:20 (GMT+09:00)
> Title : Re: [PATCH v3 1/2] PM / devfreq: add global PM QoS support
> > On Thursday, August 30, 2012, MyungJoo Ham wrote:
> > > Even if the performance of a device is controlled properly with devfreq,
> > > sometimes, we still need to get PM-QoS inputs in order to meet the
> > > required performance.
> > >
> > > In our testbed of Exynos4412, which has on-chip various DMA devices, the
> > > memory interface and system bus are controlled according to their
> > > utilization by devfreq. However, in some multimedia applications
> > > including video-playing with MFC (multi-function codec) H/W and
> > > photo/video-capturing with FIMC H/W, we have observed issues due to
> > > insufficient DMA throughput or latency.
> > >
> > > In such applications, there are deadlines: less than 16.6ms with 60Hz.
> > > With shorter polling intervals (5 ~ 15ms), the frequencies fluctuate
> > > within a frame and we get missing frames and distorted pictures.
> > > With longer polling intervals (20 ~ 100ms), the response time is not
> > > sufficient and we get distorted or broken images. In other words,
> > > regardless of polling interval, we get poor results with hard-deadline
> > > H/Ws. They, in fact, have a preset requirement on DMA throughput.
> > >
> > > Thus, we need PM-QoS capabilities in devfreq. (Note that for general
> > > user applications, devfreq for bus/memory works fine. They are not so
> > > sensitive to tens of ms in performance increasing responses in general.
> > >
> > > In order to express how to handle QoS requests in devfreq devices,
> > > the devfreq device drivers only need to express the mappings of
> > > QoS value and frequency pairs with QoS class along with
> > > devfreq_add_device() call.
> > >
> > > As a side effect of the implementation, which happens to be positive,
> > > min/max freq is now enforced regardless of governor implementation.
> >
> > Can you please explain in a few words how this is supposed to work in
> > practice?
>
> Ah.. this "side effect" has been neutralized by the patch
>
> ab5f299f51259fd2466cf35c89d79bd960e0fc32
> PM / devfreq: add relation of recommended frequency.
>
> I should've removed that comment.

OK

> > > Tested on Exynos4412 machines with memory/bus frequencies and multimedia
> > > H/W blocks. (camera, video decoding, and video encoding)
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham
> > > Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park
> >
> > I'm not entirely convinced yet, but a few comments follow.
> >
> > > ---
> > > Changed from V2-resend
> > > - Removed dependencies on global pm-qos class definitions
> > > - Revised data structure handling pm-qos (being ready for dev-pm-qos)
> > >
> > > Changes from V2
> > > - Rebased
> > >
> > > Changes from V1
> > > - Error handling at devfreq_add_device()
> > > - Handling pm_qos_max information
> > > - Styly update
> > > ---
> []
> > > @@ -136,8 +137,13 @@ int update_devfreq(struct devfreq *devfreq)
> > > * List from the highest proiority
> > > * max_freq (probably called by thermal when it's too hot)
> > > * min_freq
> > > + * qos_min_freq
> > > */
> > >
> > > + if (devfreq->qos_min_freq && freq < devfreq->qos_min_freq) {
> > > + freq = devfreq->qos_min_freq;
> > > + flags &= ~DEVFREQ_FLAG_LEAST_UPPER_BOUND; /* Use GLB */
> >
> > What exactly is the purpose of this last line?
>
> It says target callback to use "qos_min_freq" as its greatest lower bound;
> use any values that are "qos_min_freq" or above.
> And it can be overriden by min_freq and max_freq.

I see.

> > > + }
> > > if (devfreq->min_freq && freq < devfreq->min_freq) {
> > > freq = devfreq->min_freq;
> > > flags &= ~DEVFREQ_FLAG_LEAST_UPPER_BOUND; /* Use GLB */
> > > @@ -164,12 +170,12 @@ int update_devfreq(struct devfreq *devfreq)
> > > * devfreq_notifier_call() - Notify that the device frequency requirements
> > > * has been changed out of devfreq framework.
> > > * @nb the notifier_block (supposed to be devfreq->nb)
> > > - * @type not used
> > > + * @val not used.
> > > * @devp not used
> > > *
> > > * Called by a notifier that uses devfreq->nb.
> > > */
> > > -static int devfreq_notifier_call(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long type,
> > > +static int devfreq_notifier_call(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
> > > void *devp)
> > > {
> > > struct devfreq *devfreq = container_of(nb, struct devfreq, nb);
> >
> > The above change is only a cleanup unrelated to the rest of modifications.
> > Please push it separately (if you _really_ think it's necessary).
>
> oops.. yes..
>
> >
> > > @@ -183,6 +189,49 @@ static int devfreq_notifier_call(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long type,
> > > }
> > >
> > > /**
> > > + * devfreq_qos_notifier_call() -
> >
> > This looks like a missing kerneldoc comment?
>
> yes.. I'd either remove the comment or fill it in.

Please add the comment.

> > > + */
> > > +static int devfreq_qos_notifier_call(struct notifier_block *nb,
> > > + unsigned long value, void *devp)
> > > +{
> > > + struct devfreq *devfreq = container_of(nb, struct devfreq, qos_nb);
> > > + int ret;
> > > + int i;
> > > + s32 default_value = PM_QOS_DEFAULT_VALUE;
> > > + struct devfreq_pm_qos_table *qos_list = devfreq->profile->qos_list;
> > > + bool qos_use_max = devfreq->profile->qos_use_max;
> > > +
> > > + if (!qos_list)
> > > + return NOTIFY_DONE;
> > > +
> > > + mutex_lock(&devfreq->lock);
> > > +
> > > + if (value == default_value) {
> > > + devfreq->qos_min_freq = 0;
> > > + goto update;
> > > + }
> > > +
> > > + for (i = 0; qos_list[i].freq; i++) {
> > > + /* QoS Met */
> > > + if ((qos_use_max && qos_list[i].qos_value >= value) ||
> > > + (!qos_use_max && qos_list[i].qos_value <= value)) {
> > > + devfreq->qos_min_freq = qos_list[i].freq;
> > > + goto update;
> > > + }
> >
> > What about:
> >
> > if (qos_use_max) {
> > if (qos_list[i].qos_value < value)
> > continue;
> > } else {
> > if (qos_list[i].qos_value > value)
> > continue;
> > }
> > devfreq->qos_min_freq = qos_list[i].freq;
> > goto update;
>
> Fine, I'll clean it up.
>
> >
> > > + }
> > > +
> > > + /* Use the highest QoS freq */
> > > + if (i > 0)
> >
> > Given the sanity checks in devfreq_add_device(), this is always true.
> > So perhaps you don't even need the "update" label?
>
> Ok. If it's fine to rely on the sanity check results here,
> I can remove the label and restruct the function.
>
> >
> > > + devfreq->qos_min_freq = qos_list[i - 1].freq;
> > > +
> > > +update:
> > > + ret = update_devfreq(devfreq);
> > > + mutex_unlock(&devfreq->lock);
> > > +
> > > + return ret;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +/**
> > > * _remove_devfreq() - Remove devfreq from the device.
> > > * @devfreq: the devfreq struct
> > > * @skip: skip calling device_unregister().
> > > @@ -219,6 +268,10 @@ static void _remove_devfreq(struct devfreq *devfreq, bool skip)
> > >
> > > devfreq->being_removed = true;
> > >
> > > + if (devfreq->profile->qos_type)
> > > + pm_qos_remove_notifier(devfreq->profile->qos_type,
> > > + &devfreq->qos_nb);
> > > +
> > > if (devfreq->profile->exit)
> > > devfreq->profile->exit(devfreq->dev.parent);
> > >
> > > @@ -390,7 +443,7 @@ struct devfreq *devfreq_add_device(struct device *dev,
> > > void *data)
> > > {
> > > struct devfreq *devfreq;
> > > - int err = 0;
> > > + int err = 0, i;
> > >
> > > if (!dev || !profile || !governor) {
> > > dev_err(dev, "%s: Invalid parameters.\n", __func__);
> > > @@ -429,6 +482,61 @@ struct devfreq *devfreq_add_device(struct device *dev,
> > > devfreq->next_polling = devfreq->polling_jiffies
> > > = msecs_to_jiffies(devfreq->profile->polling_ms);
> > > devfreq->nb.notifier_call = devfreq_notifier_call;
> > > + devfreq->qos_nb.notifier_call = devfreq_qos_notifier_call;
> > > +
> > > + /* Check the sanity of qos_list/qos_type */
> >
> > Any chance to move the sanity checks below to a separate function?
>
> Not a problem.
>
> >
> > > + if (profile->qos_type || profile->qos_list) {
> > > +
> > > + if (WARN(!profile->qos_type || !profile->qos_list,
> > > + "QoS requirement partially omitted for %s.\n",
> > > + dev_name(dev))) {
> > > +
> > > + err = -EINVAL;
> > > + goto err_dev;
> > > + }
> > > +
> > > + if (WARN(!profile->qos_list[0].freq,
> > > + "The first QoS requirement is the end of list for %s.\n",
> > > + dev_name(dev))) {
> > > +
> > > + err = -EINVAL;
> > > + goto err_dev;
> > > + }
> > > +
> > > + for (i = 1; profile->qos_list[i].freq; i++) {
> > > + if (WARN(profile->qos_list[i].freq <=
> > > + profile->qos_list[i - 1].freq,
> > > + "%s's qos_list[].freq not sorted in the ascending order. ([%d]=%lu, [%d]=%lu)\n",
> > > + dev_name(dev), i - 1,
> > > + profile->qos_list[i - 1].freq, i,
> > > + profile->qos_list[i].freq)) {
> > > +
> > > + err = -EINVAL;
> > > + goto err_dev;
> > > + }
> > > +
> > > + /*
> > > + * If QoS type is throughput(PM_QOS_MAX)-like, qos_value
> > > + * should be sorted in the ascending order.
> > > + * If QoS type is latency(PM_QOS_MIN)-like, qos_value
> > > + * should be sorted in the descending order.
> > > + */
> > > + if (WARN((profile->qos_use_max &&
> > > + profile->qos_list[i - 1].qos_value >
> > > + profile->qos_list[i].qos_value) ||
> > > + (!profile->qos_use_max &&
> > > + profile->qos_list[i - 1].qos_value <
> > > + profile->qos_list[i].qos_value),
> > > + "%s's qos_list[].qos_value is not sorted according to its QoS class.\n",
> > > + dev_name(dev))) {
> > > +
> > > + err = -EINVAL;
> > > + goto err_dev;
> > > + }
> > > + }
> > > +
> > > + pm_qos_add_notifier(profile->qos_type, &devfreq->qos_nb);
> >
> > What QoS types do you think could be used here?
>
> I don't think the devfreq core needs to care of it.
> Whatever the device driver wants could be available here.

That's a bit of a problem. I don't want device drivers to use the global
QoS types, because they aren't sufficiently well defined (units are kind of
unknown in some cases, for example).

In my opinion it would be better to add performance device PM QoS in analogy
with the existing latency device PM QoS. The unit might be percentage of full
performance (0 - 100).

Of course, that only would cover device performance, but there also is the
problem of interconnect throughput that may depend on what frequencies are
used by devices on it.

> > > + }
> > >
> > > devfreq->trans_table = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(unsigned int) *
> > > devfreq->profile->max_state *
> > > @@ -443,7 +551,7 @@ struct devfreq *devfreq_add_device(struct device *dev,
> > > err = device_register(&devfreq->dev);
> > > if (err) {
> > > put_device(&devfreq->dev);
> > > - goto err_dev;
> > > + goto err_qos_add;
> > > }
> > >
> > > if (governor->init)
> > > @@ -471,6 +579,9 @@ out:
> > >
> > > err_init:
> > > device_unregister(&devfreq->dev);
> > > +err_qos_add:
> > > + if (profile->qos_type || profile->qos_list)
> > > + pm_qos_remove_notifier(profile->qos_type, &devfreq->qos_nb);
> > > err_dev:
> > > mutex_unlock(&devfreq->lock);
> > > kfree(devfreq);
> > > @@ -568,6 +679,13 @@ static ssize_t show_central_polling(struct device *dev,
> > > !to_devfreq(dev)->governor->no_central_polling);
> > > }
> > >
> > > +static ssize_t show_qos_min_freq(struct device *dev,
> > > + struct device_attribute *attr,
> > > + char *buf)
> > > +{
> > > + return sprintf(buf, "%lu\n", to_devfreq(dev)->qos_min_freq);
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > static ssize_t store_min_freq(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
> > > const char *buf, size_t count)
> > > {
> > > @@ -685,6 +803,7 @@ static struct device_attribute devfreq_attrs[] = {
> > > store_polling_interval),
> > > __ATTR(min_freq, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, show_min_freq, store_min_freq),
> > > __ATTR(max_freq, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, show_max_freq, store_max_freq),
> > > + __ATTR(qos_min_freq, S_IRUGO, show_qos_min_freq, NULL),
> > > __ATTR(trans_stat, S_IRUGO, show_trans_table, NULL),
> > > { },
> > > };
> > > diff --git a/include/linux/devfreq.h b/include/linux/devfreq.h
> > > index 30dc0d8..d11db17 100644
> > > --- a/include/linux/devfreq.h
> > > +++ b/include/linux/devfreq.h
> > > @@ -53,6 +53,21 @@ struct devfreq_dev_status {
> > > #define DEVFREQ_FLAG_LEAST_UPPER_BOUND 0x1
> > >
> > > /**
> > > + * struct devfreq_pm_qos_table - An PM QoS requiement entry for devfreq dev.
> > > + * @freq Lowest frequency to meet the QoS requirement
> > > + * represented by qos_value. If freq=0, it means that
> > > + * this element is the last in the array.
> > > + * @qos_value The qos value defined in pm_qos_params.h
> >
> > pm_qos_params.h doesn't exist any more. pm_qos.h only defines default values,
> > so the meaning of the comment is kind of unclear.
>
> This should be corrected as well.
>
> >
> > > + *
> > > + * Note that the array of devfreq_pm_qos_table should be sorted by freq
> > > + * in the ascending order except for the last element, which should be 0.
> > > + */
> > > +struct devfreq_pm_qos_table {
> > > + unsigned long freq; /* 0 if this is the last element */
> > > + s32 qos_value;
> > > +};
> >
> > I like the idea of translating QoS values into frequencies. However, I don't
> > think it's always possible to figure out how a given global PM QoS value
> > translates into a specific range of frequencies for the given devfreq
> > structure.
> >
> > What method in particular did you use on your test system?
>
> I've used the value both theoratically calculated and experimentally retrived.
> For dma-latency, I've tested with experimentally retrieved values.
> For memory-throughput, I've tested with theoratically calculated values (with some rough, but safe assumptions to meet the qos requirements)
>
> For given frequencies, we could both measure and calculate the "qos" values with real devices if we allow the values to have some margins.
>
> For example, at 1000MHz, if the "exact" latency is somewhere between 50~55us, then, we've chosen 60us for 1000MHz.
>
>
> >
> > > +
> > > +/**
> > > * struct devfreq_dev_profile - Devfreq's user device profile
> > > * @initial_freq The operating frequency when devfreq_add_device() is
> > > * called.
> > > @@ -71,11 +86,33 @@ struct devfreq_dev_status {
> > > * from devfreq_remove_device() call. If the user
> > > * has registered devfreq->nb at a notifier-head,
> > > * this is the time to unregister it.
> > > + * @qos_type QoS Type (defined in pm_qos_params.h)
> > > + * 0 (PM_QOS_RESERVED) if not used.
> > > + * @qos_use_max True: the highest QoS value is used (for QoS
> > > + * requirement of throughput, bandwidth, or similar)
> > > + * False: the lowest QoS value is used (for QoS
> > > + * requirement of latency, delay, or similar)
> > > + * @enable_dev_pm_qos dev_pm_qos is enabled using the qos_list.
> > > + * @qos_list Array of QoS requirements ending with .freq = 0
> > > + * NULL if not used. It should be either NULL or
> > > + * have a length > 1 with a first element effective.
> > > + * This QoS specification is shared by the global
> > > + * PM QoS (qos_type) and the per-dev PM QoS
> > > + * (enable_dev_pm_qos).
> > > + *
> > > + * Note that the array of qos_list should be sorted by freq
> > > + * in the ascending order.
> > > */
> > > struct devfreq_dev_profile {
> > > unsigned long initial_freq;
> > > unsigned int polling_ms;
> > >
> > > + /* Optional QoS Handling Specification */
> > > + int qos_type; /* 0: No global PM-QoS support */
> > > + bool qos_use_max; /* true if "bandwidth"/"throughput"-like values */
> > > + bool enable_dev_pm_qos; /* False: No per-dev PM-QoS support */
> > > + struct devfreq_pm_qos_table *qos_list; /* QoS handling specification */
> > > +
> > > int (*target)(struct device *dev, unsigned long *freq, u32 flags);
> > > int (*get_dev_status)(struct device *dev,
> > > struct devfreq_dev_status *stat);
> > > @@ -139,6 +176,8 @@ struct devfreq_governor {
> > > * order to prevent trying to remove the object multiple times.
> > > * @min_freq Limit minimum frequency requested by user (0: none)
> > > * @max_freq Limit maximum frequency requested by user (0: none)
> > > + * @qos_nb notifier block used to notify pm qos requests
> > > + * @qos_min_freq Limit minimum frequency requested by QoS
> > > *
> > > * This structure stores the devfreq information for a give device.
> > > *
> > > @@ -167,6 +206,8 @@ struct devfreq {
> > >
> > > unsigned long min_freq;
> > > unsigned long max_freq;
> > > + struct notifier_block qos_nb;
> > > + unsigned long qos_min_freq;
> > >
> > > /* information for device freqeuncy transition */
> > > unsigned int total_trans;
> > >
> >
> > I think it would be better to fold [2/2] into [1/2] to avoid some unnecessary
> > code churn.
>
> No problem.

OK

Thanks,
Rafael
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