Re: [PATCH 0/5 RFC] Add an interface to discover relationships between namespaces
From: Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)
Date: Mon Jul 25 2016 - 07:48:16 EST
Hi Andrey,
On 07/22/2016 08:25 PM, Andrey Vagin wrote:
On Thu, Jul 21, 2016 at 11:48 PM, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)
<mtk.manpages@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
Hi Andrey,
On 07/21/2016 11:06 PM, Andrew Vagin wrote:
On Thu, Jul 21, 2016 at 04:41:12PM +0200, Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)
wrote:
Hi Andrey,
On 07/14/2016 08:20 PM, Andrey Vagin wrote:
<snip>
Could you add here an of the API in detail: what do these FDs refer to,
and how do you use them to solve the use case? And could you you add
that info to the commit messages please.
Hi Michael,
A patch for man-pages is attached. It adds the following text to
namespaces(7).
Since Linux 4.X, the following ioctl(2) calls are supported for namesâ
pace file descriptors. The correct syntax is:
fd = ioctl(ns_fd, ioctl_type);
where ioctl_type is one of the following:
NS_GET_USERNS
Returns a file descriptor that refers to an owning user namesâ
pace.
NS_GET_PARENT
Returns a file descriptor that refers to a parent namespace.
This ioctl(2) can be used for pid and user namespaces. For user
namespaces, NS_GET_PARENT and NS_GET_USERNS have the same meanâ
ing.
For each of the above, I think it is worth mentioning that the
close-on-exec flag is set for the returned file descriptor.
In addition to generic ioctl(2) errors, the following specific ones can
occur:
EINVAL NS_GET_PARENT was called for a nonhierarchical namespace.
EPERM The requested namespace is outside of the current namespace
scope.
Perhaps add "and the caller does not have CAP_SYS_ADMIN" in the initial
user namespace"?
ENOENT ns_fd refers to the init namespace.
Thanks for this. But still part of the question remains unanswered.
How do we (in user-space) use the file descriptors to answer any of
the questions that this patch series was designed to solve? (This
info should be in the commit message and the man-pages patch.)
I'm sorry, but I am not sure that I understand what you ask.
Here are the origin questions:
Someone else then asked me a question that led me to wonder about
generally introspecting on the parental relationships between user
namespaces and the association of other namespaces types with user
namespaces. One use would be visualization, in order to understand the
running system. Another would be to answer the question I already
mentioned: what capability does process X have to perform operations
on a resource governed by namespace Y?
Here is an example which shows how we can get the owning namespace
inode number by using these ioctl-s.
$ ls -l /proc/13929/ns/pid
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jul 22 21:03 /proc/13929/ns/pid -> 'pid:[4026532228]'
$ ./nsowner /proc/13929/ns/pid
user:[4026532227]
The owning user namespace for pid:[4026532228] is user:[4026532227].
The nsowner tool is cimpiled from this code:
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[128], path[] = "/proc/self/fd/0123456789";
int ns, uns, ret;
ns = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
if (ns < 0)
return 1;
uns = ioctl(ns, NS_GET_USERNS);
if (uns < 0)
return 1;
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/self/fd/%d", uns);
ret = readlink(path, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
if (ret < 0)
return 1;
buf[ret] = 0;
printf("%s\n", buf);
return 0;
}
So, from my point of view, the important piece that was missing from
your commit message was the note to use readlink("/proc/self/fd/%d")
on the returned FDs. I think that detail needs to be part of the
commit message (and also the man page text). I think it even be
helpful to include the above program as part of the commit message:
it helps people more quickly grasp the API.
Does this example answer to the origin question?
Yes.
If it isn't, could
you eloborate what you expect to see here.
And I wrote one more example which show all relationships between
namespaces. It enumirates all processes in a system, collects all
namespaces and determins parent and owning namespaces for each of
them, then it constructs a namespace tree and shows it.
Here is a code: https://gist.github.com/avagin/db805f95e15ffb0af7e559dbb8de4418
That's great! Thanks!
Here is an example of output for my test system:
[root@fc24 nsfs]# ./nstree
user:[4026531837]
\__ mnt:[4026532203]
\__ ipc:[4026531839]
\__ user:[4026532224]
\__ user:[4026532226]
\__ user:[4026532227]
\__ pid:[4026532228]
\__ pid:[4026532225]
\__ pid:[4026532228]
\__ user:[4026532221]
\__ pid:[4026532222]
\__ user:[4026532223]
\__ mnt:[4026532211]
\__ uts:[4026531838]
\__ cgroup:[4026531835]
\__ pid:[4026531836]
\__ pid:[4026532225]
\__ pid:[4026532228]
\__ pid:[4026532222]
\__ mnt:[4026531857]
\__ mnt:[4026531840]
\__ net:[4026531957]
Cheers,
Michael
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/7/6/158
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/7/9/101
--
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Linux/UNIX System Programming Training: http://man7.org/training/