[PATCH 17/20] efi: Allow disabling PCI busmastering on bridges during boot

From: Ard Biesheuvel
Date: Fri Jan 03 2020 - 06:40:56 EST

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From: Matthew Garrett <matthewgarrett@xxxxxxxxxx>

Add an option to disable the busmaster bit in the control register on
all PCI bridges before calling ExitBootServices() and passing control
to the runtime kernel. System firmware may configure the IOMMU to prevent
malicious PCI devices from being able to attack the OS via DMA. However,
since firmware can't guarantee that the OS is IOMMU-aware, it will tear
down IOMMU configuration when ExitBootServices() is called. This leaves
a window between where a hostile device could still cause damage before
Linux configures the IOMMU again.

If CONFIG_EFI_DISABLE_PCI_DMA is enabled or "efi=disable_early_pci_dma"
is passed on the command line, the EFI stub will clear the busmaster bit
on all PCI bridges before ExitBootServices() is called. This will
prevent any malicious PCI devices from being able to perform DMA until
the kernel reenables busmastering after configuring the IOMMU.

This option may cause failures with some poorly behaved hardware and
should not be enabled without testing. The kernel commandline options
"efi=disable_early_pci_dma" or "efi=no_disable_early_pci_dma" may be
used to override the default. Note that PCI devices downstream from PCI
bridges are disconnected from their drivers first, using the UEFI
driver model API, so that DMA can be disabled safely at the bridge
level.

Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Co-developed-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@xxxxxxxxxx>
[ardb: disconnect PCI I/O handles first, as suggested by Arvind]
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
.../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 7 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h | 5 +
drivers/firmware/efi/Kconfig | 22 ++++
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile | 2 +-
.../firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c | 15 +++
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/pci.c | 114 ++++++++++++++++++
include/linux/efi.h | 6 +-
7 files changed, 168 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/pci.c

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index ade4e6ec23e0..994632ae48de 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -1165,7 +1165,8 @@

efi= [EFI]
Format: { "old_map", "nochunk", "noruntime", "debug",
- "nosoftreserve" }
+ "nosoftreserve", "disable_early_pci_dma",
+ "no_disable_early_pci_dma" }
old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI
runtime services mapping. 32-bit still uses this one by
default.
@@ -1180,6 +1181,10 @@
claim. Specify efi=nosoftreserve to disable this
reservation and treat the memory by its base type
(i.e. EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY / "System RAM").
+ disable_early_pci_dma: Disable the busmaster bit on all
+ PCI bridges while in the EFI boot stub
+ no_disable_early_pci_dma: Leave the busmaster bit set
+ on all PCI bridges while in the EFI boot stub

efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86]
Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
index 166f0386719e..383f7a0fc170 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
@@ -283,6 +283,11 @@ static inline void *efi64_zero_upper(void *p)
#define __efi64_argmap_locate_protocol(protocol, reg, interface) \
((protocol), (reg), efi64_zero_upper(interface))

+/* PCI I/O */
+#define __efi64_argmap_get_location(protocol, seg, bus, dev, func) \
+ ((protocol), efi64_zero_upper(seg), efi64_zero_upper(bus), \
+ efi64_zero_upper(dev), efi64_zero_upper(func))
+
/*
* The macros below handle the plumbing for the argument mapping. To add a
* mapping for a specific EFI method, simply define a macro
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/Kconfig b/drivers/firmware/efi/Kconfig
index bcc378c19ebe..ecc83e2f032c 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/Kconfig
@@ -215,6 +215,28 @@ config EFI_RCI2_TABLE

Say Y here for Dell EMC PowerEdge systems.

+config EFI_DISABLE_PCI_DMA
+ bool "Clear Busmaster bit on PCI bridges during ExitBootServices()"
+ help
+ Disable the busmaster bit in the control register on all PCI bridges
+ while calling ExitBootServices() and passing control to the runtime
+ kernel. System firmware may configure the IOMMU to prevent malicious
+ PCI devices from being able to attack the OS via DMA. However, since
+ firmware can't guarantee that the OS is IOMMU-aware, it will tear
+ down IOMMU configuration when ExitBootServices() is called. This
+ leaves a window between where a hostile device could still cause
+ damage before Linux configures the IOMMU again.
+
+ If you say Y here, the EFI stub will clear the busmaster bit on all
+ PCI bridges before ExitBootServices() is called. This will prevent
+ any malicious PCI devices from being able to perform DMA until the
+ kernel reenables busmastering after configuring the IOMMU.
+
+ This option will cause failures with some poorly behaved hardware
+ and should not be enabled without testing. The kernel commandline
+ options "efi=disable_early_pci_dma" or "efi=no_disable_early_pci_dma"
+ may be used to override this option.
+
endmenu

config UEFI_CPER
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
index c35f893897e1..98a81576213d 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD := y
KCOV_INSTRUMENT := n

lib-y := efi-stub-helper.o gop.o secureboot.o tpm.o \
- random.o
+ random.o pci.o

# include the stub's generic dependencies from lib/ when building for ARM/arm64
arm-deps-y := fdt_rw.c fdt_ro.c fdt_wip.c fdt.c fdt_empty_tree.c fdt_sw.c
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c
index fcc45ee94e02..74ddfb496140 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ static bool __efistub_global efi_nokaslr;
static bool __efistub_global efi_quiet;
static bool __efistub_global efi_novamap;
static bool __efistub_global efi_nosoftreserve;
+static bool __efistub_global efi_disable_pci_dma =
+ IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_DISABLE_PCI_DMA);

bool __pure nokaslr(void)
{
@@ -490,6 +492,16 @@ efi_status_t efi_parse_options(char const *cmdline)
efi_nosoftreserve = true;
}

+ if (!strncmp(str, "disable_early_pci_dma", 21)) {
+ str += strlen("disable_early_pci_dma");
+ efi_disable_pci_dma = true;
+ }
+
+ if (!strncmp(str, "no_disable_early_pci_dma", 24)) {
+ str += strlen("no_disable_early_pci_dma");
+ efi_disable_pci_dma = false;
+ }
+
/* Group words together, delimited by "," */
while (*str && *str != ' ' && *str != ',')
str++;
@@ -876,6 +888,9 @@ efi_status_t efi_exit_boot_services(void *handle,
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
goto free_map;

+ if (efi_disable_pci_dma)
+ efi_pci_disable_bridge_busmaster();
+
status = efi_bs_call(exit_boot_services, handle, *map->key_ptr);

if (status == EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER) {
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/pci.c b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/pci.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b025e59b94df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/pci.c
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * PCI-related functions used by the EFI stub on multiple
+ * architectures.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2019 Google, LLC
+ */
+
+#include <linux/efi.h>
+#include <linux/pci.h>
+
+#include <asm/efi.h>
+
+#include "efistub.h"
+
+void efi_pci_disable_bridge_busmaster(void)
+{
+ efi_guid_t pci_proto = EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+ unsigned long pci_handle_size = 0;
+ efi_handle_t *pci_handle = NULL;
+ efi_handle_t handle;
+ efi_status_t status;
+ u16 class, command;
+ int i;
+
+ status = efi_bs_call(locate_handle, EFI_LOCATE_BY_PROTOCOL, &pci_proto,
+ NULL, &pci_handle_size, NULL);
+
+ if (status != EFI_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) {
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS && status != EFI_NOT_FOUND)
+ pr_efi_err("Failed to locate PCI I/O handles'\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ status = efi_bs_call(allocate_pool, EFI_LOADER_DATA, pci_handle_size,
+ (void **)&pci_handle);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
+ pr_efi_err("Failed to allocate memory for 'pci_handle'\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ status = efi_bs_call(locate_handle, EFI_LOCATE_BY_PROTOCOL, &pci_proto,
+ NULL, &pci_handle_size, pci_handle);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
+ pr_efi_err("Failed to locate PCI I/O handles'\n");
+ goto free_handle;
+ }
+
+ for_each_efi_handle(handle, pci_handle, pci_handle_size, i) {
+ efi_pci_io_protocol_t *pci;
+ unsigned long segment_nr, bus_nr, device_nr, func_nr;
+
+ status = efi_bs_call(handle_protocol, handle, &pci_proto,
+ (void **)&pci);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+ continue;
+
+ /*
+ * Disregard devices living on bus 0 - these are not behind a
+ * bridge so no point in disconnecting them from their drivers.
+ */
+ status = efi_call_proto(pci, get_location, &segment_nr, &bus_nr,
+ &device_nr, &func_nr);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS || bus_nr == 0)
+ continue;
+
+ /*
+ * Don't disconnect VGA controllers so we don't risk losing
+ * access to the framebuffer. Drivers for true PCIe graphics
+ * controllers that are behind a PCIe root port do not use
+ * DMA to implement the GOP framebuffer anyway [although they
+ * may use it in their implentation of Gop->Blt()], and so
+ * disabling DMA in the PCI bridge should not interfere with
+ * normal operation of the device.
+ */
+ status = efi_call_proto(pci, pci.read, EfiPciIoWidthUint16,
+ PCI_CLASS_DEVICE, 1, &class);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS || class == PCI_CLASS_DISPLAY_VGA)
+ continue;
+
+ /* Disconnect this handle from all its drivers */
+ efi_bs_call(disconnect_controller, handle, NULL, NULL);
+ }
+
+ for_each_efi_handle(handle, pci_handle, pci_handle_size, i) {
+ efi_pci_io_protocol_t *pci;
+
+ status = efi_bs_call(handle_protocol, handle, &pci_proto,
+ (void **)&pci);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS || !pci)
+ continue;
+
+ status = efi_call_proto(pci, pci.read, EfiPciIoWidthUint16,
+ PCI_CLASS_DEVICE, 1, &class);
+
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS || class != PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_PCI)
+ continue;
+
+ /* Disable busmastering */
+ status = efi_call_proto(pci, pci.read, EfiPciIoWidthUint16,
+ PCI_COMMAND, 1, &command);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS || !(command & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER))
+ continue;
+
+ command &= ~PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
+ status = efi_call_proto(pci, pci.write, EfiPciIoWidthUint16,
+ PCI_COMMAND, 1, &command);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+ pr_efi_err("Failed to disable PCI busmastering\n");
+ }
+
+free_handle:
+ efi_bs_call(free_pool, pci_handle);
+}
diff --git a/include/linux/efi.h b/include/linux/efi.h
index ee68ea6f85ff..7e8e25b1d11c 100644
--- a/include/linux/efi.h
+++ b/include/linux/efi.h
@@ -319,7 +319,9 @@ typedef union {
void *stall;
void *set_watchdog_timer;
void *connect_controller;
- void *disconnect_controller;
+ efi_status_t (__efiapi *disconnect_controller)(efi_handle_t,
+ efi_handle_t,
+ efi_handle_t);
void *open_protocol;
void *close_protocol;
void *open_protocol_information;
@@ -1692,4 +1694,6 @@ struct linux_efi_memreserve {
#define EFI_MEMRESERVE_COUNT(size) (((size) - sizeof(struct linux_efi_memreserve)) \
/ sizeof(((struct linux_efi_memreserve *)0)->entry[0]))

+void efi_pci_disable_bridge_busmaster(void);
+
#endif /* _LINUX_EFI_H */
--
2.20.1

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