[PATCH v7 17/18] mtd: Support kmsg dumper based on pstore/blk

From: Kees Cook
Date: Sun May 10 2020 - 16:32:04 EST


From: WeiXiong Liao <liaoweixiong@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

This introduces mtdpstore, which is similar to mtdoops but more
powerful. It uses pstore/blk, and aims to store panic and oops logs to
a flash partition, where pstore can later read back and present as files
in the mounted pstore filesystem.

To make mtdpstore work, the "blkdev" of pstore/blk should be set
as MTD device name or MTD device number. For more details, see
Documentation/admin-guide/pstore-blk.rst

This solves a number of issues:
- Work duplication: both of pstore and mtdoops do the same job storing
panic/oops log. They have very similar logic, registering to kmsg
dumper and storing logs to several chunks one by one.
- Layer violations: drivers should provides methods instead of polices.
MTD should provide read/write/erase operations, and allow a higher
level drivers to provide the chunk management, kmsg dump
configuration, etc.
- Missing features: pstore provides many additional features, including
presenting the logs as files, logging dump time and count, and
supporting other frontends like pmsg, console, etc.

Signed-off-by: WeiXiong Liao <liaoweixiong@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1585126506-18635-12-git-send-email-liaoweixiong@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/pstore-blk.rst | 9 +-
drivers/mtd/Kconfig | 10 +
drivers/mtd/Makefile | 1 +
drivers/mtd/mtdpstore.c | 564 +++++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 582 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 drivers/mtd/mtdpstore.c

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/pstore-blk.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/pstore-blk.rst
index d45341e55e82..296d5027787a 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/pstore-blk.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/pstore-blk.rst
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ blkdev
~~~~~~

The block device to use. Most of the time, it is a partition of block device.
-It's required for pstore/blk.
+It's required for pstore/blk. It is also used for MTD device.

-It accepts the following variants:
+It accepts the following variants for block device:

1. <hex_major><hex_minor> device number in hexadecimal represents itself; no
leading 0x, for example b302.
@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@ It accepts the following variants:
partition with a known unique id.
#. <major>:<minor> major and minor number of the device separated by a colon.

+It accepts the following variants for MTD device:
+
+1. <device name> MTD device name. "pstore" is recommended.
+#. <device number> MTD device number.
+
kmsg_size
~~~~~~~~~

diff --git a/drivers/mtd/Kconfig b/drivers/mtd/Kconfig
index 42d401ea60ee..6ddab796216d 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/mtd/Kconfig
@@ -170,6 +170,16 @@ config MTD_OOPS
buffer in a flash partition where it can be read back at some
later point.

+config MTD_PSTORE
+ tristate "Log panic/oops to an MTD buffer based on pstore"
+ depends on PSTORE_BLK
+ help
+ This enables panic and oops messages to be logged to a circular
+ buffer in a flash partition where it can be read back as files after
+ mounting pstore filesystem.
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
config MTD_SWAP
tristate "Swap on MTD device support"
depends on MTD && SWAP
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/Makefile b/drivers/mtd/Makefile
index 56cc60ccc477..593d0593a038 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/mtd/Makefile
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_RFD_FTL) += rfd_ftl.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SSFDC) += ssfdc.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SM_FTL) += sm_ftl.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_OOPS) += mtdoops.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_PSTORE) += mtdpstore.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_SWAP) += mtdswap.o

nftl-objs := nftlcore.o nftlmount.o
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/mtdpstore.c b/drivers/mtd/mtdpstore.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ce6da4d04864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/mtd/mtdpstore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#define dev_fmt(fmt) "mtdoops-pstore: " fmt
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/pstore_blk.h>
+#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+
+static struct mtdpstore_context {
+ int index;
+ struct pstore_blk_config info;
+ struct pstore_device_info dev;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd;
+ unsigned long *rmmap; /* removed bit map */
+ unsigned long *usedmap; /* used bit map */
+ /*
+ * used for panic write
+ * As there are no block_isbad for panic case, we should keep this
+ * status before panic to ensure panic_write not failed.
+ */
+ unsigned long *badmap; /* bad block bit map */
+} oops_cxt;
+
+static int mtdpstore_block_isbad(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt, loff_t off)
+{
+ int ret;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u64 blknum = div_u64(off, mtd->erasesize);
+
+ if (test_bit(blknum, cxt->badmap))
+ return true;
+ ret = mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "mtd_block_isbad failed, aborting\n");
+ return ret;
+ } else if (ret > 0) {
+ set_bit(blknum, cxt->badmap);
+ return true;
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+static inline int mtdpstore_panic_block_isbad(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u64 blknum = div_u64(off, mtd->erasesize);
+
+ return test_bit(blknum, cxt->badmap);
+}
+
+static inline void mtdpstore_mark_used(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "mark zone %llu used\n", zonenum);
+ set_bit(zonenum, cxt->usedmap);
+}
+
+static inline void mtdpstore_mark_unused(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "mark zone %llu unused\n", zonenum);
+ clear_bit(zonenum, cxt->usedmap);
+}
+
+static inline void mtdpstore_block_mark_unused(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+ u32 zonecnt = cxt->mtd->erasesize / cxt->info.kmsg_size;
+
+ while (zonecnt > 0) {
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "mark zone %llu unused\n", zonenum);
+ clear_bit(zonenum, cxt->usedmap);
+ zonenum++;
+ zonecnt--;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline int mtdpstore_is_used(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt, loff_t off)
+{
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+ u64 blknum = div_u64(off, cxt->mtd->erasesize);
+
+ if (test_bit(blknum, cxt->badmap))
+ return true;
+ return test_bit(zonenum, cxt->usedmap);
+}
+
+static int mtdpstore_block_is_used(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off)
+{
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+ u32 zonecnt = cxt->mtd->erasesize / cxt->info.kmsg_size;
+
+ while (zonecnt > 0) {
+ if (test_bit(zonenum, cxt->usedmap))
+ return true;
+ zonenum++;
+ zonecnt--;
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+static int mtdpstore_is_empty(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt, char *buf,
+ size_t size)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ size_t sz;
+ int i;
+
+ sz = min_t(uint32_t, size, mtd->writesize / 4);
+ for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+ if (buf[i] != (char)0xFF)
+ return false;
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+static void mtdpstore_mark_removed(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt, loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "mark zone %llu removed\n", zonenum);
+ set_bit(zonenum, cxt->rmmap);
+}
+
+static void mtdpstore_block_clear_removed(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off)
+{
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+ u32 zonecnt = cxt->mtd->erasesize / cxt->info.kmsg_size;
+
+ while (zonecnt > 0) {
+ clear_bit(zonenum, cxt->rmmap);
+ zonenum++;
+ zonecnt--;
+ }
+}
+
+static int mtdpstore_block_is_removed(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off)
+{
+ u64 zonenum = div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+ u32 zonecnt = cxt->mtd->erasesize / cxt->info.kmsg_size;
+
+ while (zonecnt > 0) {
+ if (test_bit(zonenum, cxt->rmmap))
+ return true;
+ zonenum++;
+ zonecnt--;
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+static int mtdpstore_erase_do(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt, loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ struct erase_info erase;
+ int ret;
+
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "try to erase off 0x%llx\n", off);
+ erase.len = cxt->mtd->erasesize;
+ erase.addr = off;
+ ret = mtd_erase(cxt->mtd, &erase);
+ if (!ret)
+ mtdpstore_block_clear_removed(cxt, off);
+ else
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "erase of region [0x%llx, 0x%llx] on \"%s\" failed\n",
+ (unsigned long long)erase.addr,
+ (unsigned long long)erase.len, cxt->info.device);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * called while removing file
+ *
+ * Avoiding over erasing, do erase block only when the whole block is unused.
+ * If the block contains valid log, do erase lazily on flush_removed() when
+ * unregister.
+ */
+static ssize_t mtdpstore_erase(size_t size, loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtdpstore_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+
+ if (mtdpstore_block_isbad(cxt, off))
+ return -EIO;
+
+ mtdpstore_mark_unused(cxt, off);
+
+ /* If the block still has valid data, mtdpstore do erase lazily */
+ if (likely(mtdpstore_block_is_used(cxt, off))) {
+ mtdpstore_mark_removed(cxt, off);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* all zones are unused, erase it */
+ off = ALIGN_DOWN(off, cxt->mtd->erasesize);
+ return mtdpstore_erase_do(cxt, off);
+}
+
+/*
+ * What is security for mtdpstore?
+ * As there is no erase for panic case, we should ensure at least one zone
+ * is writable. Otherwise, panic write will fail.
+ * If zone is used, write operation will return -ENOMSG, which means that
+ * pstore/blk will try one by one until gets an empty zone. So, it is not
+ * needed to ensure the next zone is empty, but at least one.
+ */
+static int mtdpstore_security(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt, loff_t off)
+{
+ int ret = 0, i;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u32 zonenum = (u32)div_u64(off, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+ u32 zonecnt = (u32)div_u64(cxt->mtd->size, cxt->info.kmsg_size);
+ u32 blkcnt = (u32)div_u64(cxt->mtd->size, cxt->mtd->erasesize);
+ u32 erasesize = cxt->mtd->erasesize;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < zonecnt; i++) {
+ u32 num = (zonenum + i) % zonecnt;
+
+ /* found empty zone */
+ if (!test_bit(num, cxt->usedmap))
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* If there is no any empty zone, we have no way but to do erase */
+ off = ALIGN_DOWN(off, erasesize);
+ while (blkcnt--) {
+ div64_u64_rem(off + erasesize, cxt->mtd->size, (u64 *)&off);
+
+ if (mtdpstore_block_isbad(cxt, off))
+ continue;
+
+ ret = mtdpstore_erase_do(cxt, off);
+ if (!ret) {
+ mtdpstore_block_mark_unused(cxt, off);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (ret)
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "all blocks bad!\n");
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "end security\n");
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t mtdpstore_write(const char *buf, size_t size, loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtdpstore_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ size_t retlen;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (mtdpstore_block_isbad(cxt, off))
+ return -ENOMSG;
+
+ /* zone is used, please try next one */
+ if (mtdpstore_is_used(cxt, off))
+ return -ENOMSG;
+
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "try to write off 0x%llx size %zu\n", off, size);
+ ret = mtd_write(cxt->mtd, off, size, &retlen, (u_char *)buf);
+ if (ret < 0 || retlen != size) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "write failure at %lld (%zu of %zu written), err %d\n",
+ off, retlen, size, ret);
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+ mtdpstore_mark_used(cxt, off);
+
+ mtdpstore_security(cxt, off);
+ return retlen;
+}
+
+static inline bool mtdpstore_is_io_error(int ret)
+{
+ return ret < 0 && !mtd_is_bitflip(ret) && !mtd_is_eccerr(ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * All zones will be read as pstore/blk will read zone one by one when do
+ * recover.
+ */
+static ssize_t mtdpstore_read(char *buf, size_t size, loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtdpstore_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ size_t retlen, done;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (mtdpstore_block_isbad(cxt, off))
+ return -ENOMSG;
+
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "try to read off 0x%llx size %zu\n", off, size);
+ for (done = 0, retlen = 0; done < size; done += retlen) {
+ retlen = 0;
+
+ ret = mtd_read(cxt->mtd, off + done, size - done, &retlen,
+ (u_char *)buf + done);
+ if (mtdpstore_is_io_error(ret)) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "read failure at %lld (%zu of %zu read), err %d\n",
+ off + done, retlen, size - done, ret);
+ /* the zone may be broken, try next one */
+ return -ENOMSG;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * ECC error. The impact on log data is so small. Maybe we can
+ * still read it and try to understand. So mtdpstore just hands
+ * over what it gets and user can judge whether the data is
+ * valid or not.
+ */
+ if (mtd_is_eccerr(ret)) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "ecc error at %lld (%zu of %zu read), err %d\n",
+ off + done, retlen, size - done, ret);
+ /* driver may not set retlen when ecc error */
+ retlen = retlen == 0 ? size - done : retlen;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (mtdpstore_is_empty(cxt, buf, size))
+ mtdpstore_mark_unused(cxt, off);
+ else
+ mtdpstore_mark_used(cxt, off);
+
+ mtdpstore_security(cxt, off);
+ return retlen;
+}
+
+static ssize_t mtdpstore_panic_write(const char *buf, size_t size, loff_t off)
+{
+ struct mtdpstore_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ size_t retlen;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (mtdpstore_panic_block_isbad(cxt, off))
+ return -ENOMSG;
+
+ /* zone is used, please try next one */
+ if (mtdpstore_is_used(cxt, off))
+ return -ENOMSG;
+
+ ret = mtd_panic_write(cxt->mtd, off, size, &retlen, (u_char *)buf);
+ if (ret < 0 || size != retlen) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "panic write failure at %lld (%zu of %zu read), err %d\n",
+ off, retlen, size, ret);
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+ mtdpstore_mark_used(cxt, off);
+
+ return retlen;
+}
+
+static void mtdpstore_notify_add(struct mtd_info *mtd)
+{
+ int ret;
+ struct mtdpstore_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+ struct pstore_blk_config *info = &cxt->info;
+ unsigned long longcnt;
+
+ if (!strcmp(mtd->name, info->device))
+ cxt->index = mtd->index;
+
+ if (mtd->index != cxt->index || cxt->index < 0)
+ return;
+
+ dev_dbg(&mtd->dev, "found matching MTD device %s\n", mtd->name);
+
+ if (mtd->size < info->kmsg_size * 2) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "MTD partition %d not big enough\n",
+ mtd->index);
+ return;
+ }
+ /*
+ * kmsg_size must be aligned to 4096 Bytes, which is limited by
+ * psblk. The default value of kmsg_size is 64KB. If kmsg_size
+ * is larger than erasesize, some errors will occur since mtdpsotre
+ * is designed on it.
+ */
+ if (mtd->erasesize < info->kmsg_size) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "eraseblock size of MTD partition %d too small\n",
+ mtd->index);
+ return;
+ }
+ if (unlikely(info->kmsg_size % mtd->writesize)) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "record size %lu KB must align to write size %d KB\n",
+ info->kmsg_size / 1024,
+ mtd->writesize / 1024);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ longcnt = BITS_TO_LONGS(div_u64(mtd->size, info->kmsg_size));
+ cxt->rmmap = kcalloc(longcnt, sizeof(long), GFP_KERNEL);
+ cxt->usedmap = kcalloc(longcnt, sizeof(long), GFP_KERNEL);
+
+ longcnt = BITS_TO_LONGS(div_u64(mtd->size, mtd->erasesize));
+ cxt->badmap = kcalloc(longcnt, sizeof(long), GFP_KERNEL);
+
+ cxt->dev.total_size = mtd->size;
+ /* just support dmesg right now */
+ cxt->dev.flags = PSTORE_FLAGS_DMESG;
+ cxt->dev.read = mtdpstore_read;
+ cxt->dev.write = mtdpstore_write;
+ cxt->dev.erase = mtdpstore_erase;
+ cxt->dev.panic_write = mtdpstore_panic_write;
+
+ ret = register_pstore_device(&cxt->dev);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "mtd%d register to psblk failed\n",
+ mtd->index);
+ return;
+ }
+ cxt->mtd = mtd;
+ dev_info(&mtd->dev, "Attached to MTD device %d\n", mtd->index);
+}
+
+static int mtdpstore_flush_removed_do(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt,
+ loff_t off, size_t size)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ u_char *buf;
+ int ret;
+ size_t retlen;
+ struct erase_info erase;
+
+ buf = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!buf)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ /* 1st. read to cache */
+ ret = mtd_read(mtd, off, mtd->erasesize, &retlen, buf);
+ if (mtdpstore_is_io_error(ret))
+ goto free;
+
+ /* 2nd. erase block */
+ erase.len = mtd->erasesize;
+ erase.addr = off;
+ ret = mtd_erase(mtd, &erase);
+ if (ret)
+ goto free;
+
+ /* 3rd. write back */
+ while (size) {
+ unsigned int zonesize = cxt->info.kmsg_size;
+
+ /* there is valid data on block, write back */
+ if (mtdpstore_is_used(cxt, off)) {
+ ret = mtd_write(mtd, off, zonesize, &retlen, buf);
+ if (ret)
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "write failure at %lld (%zu of %u written), err %d\n",
+ off, retlen, zonesize, ret);
+ }
+
+ off += zonesize;
+ size -= min_t(unsigned int, zonesize, size);
+ }
+
+free:
+ kfree(buf);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * What does mtdpstore_flush_removed() do?
+ * When user remove any log file on pstore filesystem, mtdpstore should do
+ * something to ensure log file removed. If the whole block is no longer used,
+ * it's nice to erase the block. However if the block still contains valid log,
+ * what mtdpstore can do is to erase and write the valid log back.
+ */
+static int mtdpstore_flush_removed(struct mtdpstore_context *cxt)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ int ret;
+ loff_t off;
+ u32 blkcnt = (u32)div_u64(mtd->size, mtd->erasesize);
+
+ for (off = 0; blkcnt > 0; blkcnt--, off += mtd->erasesize) {
+ ret = mtdpstore_block_isbad(cxt, off);
+ if (ret)
+ continue;
+
+ ret = mtdpstore_block_is_removed(cxt, off);
+ if (!ret)
+ continue;
+
+ ret = mtdpstore_flush_removed_do(cxt, off, mtd->erasesize);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void mtdpstore_notify_remove(struct mtd_info *mtd)
+{
+ struct mtdpstore_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+
+ if (mtd->index != cxt->index || cxt->index < 0)
+ return;
+
+ mtdpstore_flush_removed(cxt);
+
+ unregister_pstore_device(&cxt->dev);
+ kfree(cxt->badmap);
+ kfree(cxt->usedmap);
+ kfree(cxt->rmmap);
+ cxt->mtd = NULL;
+ cxt->index = -1;
+}
+
+static struct mtd_notifier mtdpstore_notifier = {
+ .add = mtdpstore_notify_add,
+ .remove = mtdpstore_notify_remove,
+};
+
+static int __init mtdpstore_init(void)
+{
+ int ret;
+ struct mtdpstore_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+ struct pstore_blk_config *info = &cxt->info;
+
+ ret = pstore_blk_get_config(info);
+ if (unlikely(ret))
+ return ret;
+
+ if (strlen(info->device) == 0) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "mtd device must be supplied\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ if (!info->kmsg_size) {
+ dev_err(&mtd->dev, "no backend enabled\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ /* Setup the MTD device to use */
+ ret = kstrtoint((char *)info->device, 0, &cxt->index);
+ if (ret)
+ cxt->index = -1;
+
+ register_mtd_user(&mtdpstore_notifier);
+ return 0;
+}
+module_init(mtdpstore_init);
+
+static void __exit mtdpstore_exit(void)
+{
+ unregister_mtd_user(&mtdpstore_notifier);
+}
+module_exit(mtdpstore_exit);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("WeiXiong Liao <liaoweixiong@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MTD backend for pstore/blk");
--
2.20.1