[PATCH tip/core/rcu 04/10] docs: RCU: Convert rculist_nulls.txt to ReST

From: paulmck
Date: Mon Jun 22 2020 - 20:10:02 EST


From: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@xxxxxxxxxx>

- Add a SPDX header;
- Adjust document title;
- Some whitespace fixes and new line breaks;
- Mark literal blocks as such;
- Add it to RCU/index.rst.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
Documentation/RCU/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst | 194 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt | 172 --------------------------------
include/linux/rculist_nulls.h | 2 +-
net/core/sock.c | 4 +-
5 files changed, 198 insertions(+), 175 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst
delete mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt

diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/index.rst b/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
index fa7a2a8..577a47e 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ RCU concepts
rcu_dereference
whatisRCU
rcu
+ rculist_nulls
listRCU
NMI-RCU
UP
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d403742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================================================
+Using RCU hlist_nulls to protect list and objects
+=================================================
+
+This section describes how to use hlist_nulls to
+protect read-mostly linked lists and
+objects using SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU allocations.
+
+Please read the basics in Documentation/RCU/listRCU.rst
+
+Using special makers (called 'nulls') is a convenient way
+to solve following problem :
+
+A typical RCU linked list managing objects which are
+allocated with SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU kmem_cache can
+use following algos :
+
+1) Lookup algo
+--------------
+
+::
+
+ rcu_read_lock()
+ begin:
+ obj = lockless_lookup(key);
+ if (obj) {
+ if (!try_get_ref(obj)) // might fail for free objects
+ goto begin;
+ /*
+ * Because a writer could delete object, and a writer could
+ * reuse these object before the RCU grace period, we
+ * must check key after getting the reference on object
+ */
+ if (obj->key != key) { // not the object we expected
+ put_ref(obj);
+ goto begin;
+ }
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+Beware that lockless_lookup(key) cannot use traditional hlist_for_each_entry_rcu()
+but a version with an additional memory barrier (smp_rmb())
+
+::
+
+ lockless_lookup(key)
+ {
+ struct hlist_node *node, *next;
+ for (pos = rcu_dereference((head)->first);
+ pos && ({ next = pos->next; smp_rmb(); prefetch(next); 1; }) &&
+ ({ tpos = hlist_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1; });
+ pos = rcu_dereference(next))
+ if (obj->key == key)
+ return obj;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+And note the traditional hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() misses this smp_rmb()::
+
+ struct hlist_node *node;
+ for (pos = rcu_dereference((head)->first);
+ pos && ({ prefetch(pos->next); 1; }) &&
+ ({ tpos = hlist_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1; });
+ pos = rcu_dereference(pos->next))
+ if (obj->key == key)
+ return obj;
+ return NULL;
+
+Quoting Corey Minyard::
+
+ "If the object is moved from one list to another list in-between the
+ time the hash is calculated and the next field is accessed, and the
+ object has moved to the end of a new list, the traversal will not
+ complete properly on the list it should have, since the object will
+ be on the end of the new list and there's not a way to tell it's on a
+ new list and restart the list traversal. I think that this can be
+ solved by pre-fetching the "next" field (with proper barriers) before
+ checking the key."
+
+2) Insert algo
+--------------
+
+We need to make sure a reader cannot read the new 'obj->obj_next' value
+and previous value of 'obj->key'. Or else, an item could be deleted
+from a chain, and inserted into another chain. If new chain was empty
+before the move, 'next' pointer is NULL, and lockless reader can
+not detect it missed following items in original chain.
+
+::
+
+ /*
+ * Please note that new inserts are done at the head of list,
+ * not in the middle or end.
+ */
+ obj = kmem_cache_alloc(...);
+ lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
+ obj->key = key;
+ /*
+ * we need to make sure obj->key is updated before obj->next
+ * or obj->refcnt
+ */
+ smp_wmb();
+ atomic_set(&obj->refcnt, 1);
+ hlist_add_head_rcu(&obj->obj_node, list);
+ unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
+
+
+3) Remove algo
+--------------
+Nothing special here, we can use a standard RCU hlist deletion.
+But thanks to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, beware a deleted object can be reused
+very very fast (before the end of RCU grace period)
+
+::
+
+ if (put_last_reference_on(obj) {
+ lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
+ hlist_del_init_rcu(&obj->obj_node);
+ unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
+ kmem_cache_free(cachep, obj);
+ }
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+With hlist_nulls we can avoid extra smp_rmb() in lockless_lookup()
+and extra smp_wmb() in insert function.
+
+For example, if we choose to store the slot number as the 'nulls'
+end-of-list marker for each slot of the hash table, we can detect
+a race (some writer did a delete and/or a move of an object
+to another chain) checking the final 'nulls' value if
+the lookup met the end of chain. If final 'nulls' value
+is not the slot number, then we must restart the lookup at
+the beginning. If the object was moved to the same chain,
+then the reader doesn't care : It might eventually
+scan the list again without harm.
+
+
+1) lookup algo
+--------------
+
+::
+
+ head = &table[slot];
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ begin:
+ hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu(obj, node, head, member) {
+ if (obj->key == key) {
+ if (!try_get_ref(obj)) // might fail for free objects
+ goto begin;
+ if (obj->key != key) { // not the object we expected
+ put_ref(obj);
+ goto begin;
+ }
+ goto out;
+ }
+ /*
+ * if the nulls value we got at the end of this lookup is
+ * not the expected one, we must restart lookup.
+ * We probably met an item that was moved to another chain.
+ */
+ if (get_nulls_value(node) != slot)
+ goto begin;
+ obj = NULL;
+
+ out:
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+2) Insert function
+------------------
+
+::
+
+ /*
+ * Please note that new inserts are done at the head of list,
+ * not in the middle or end.
+ */
+ obj = kmem_cache_alloc(cachep);
+ lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
+ obj->key = key;
+ /*
+ * changes to obj->key must be visible before refcnt one
+ */
+ smp_wmb();
+ atomic_set(&obj->refcnt, 1);
+ /*
+ * insert obj in RCU way (readers might be traversing chain)
+ */
+ hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu(&obj->obj_node, list);
+ unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt b/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 23f115d..0000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-Using hlist_nulls to protect read-mostly linked lists and
-objects using SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU allocations.
-
-Please read the basics in Documentation/RCU/listRCU.rst
-
-Using special makers (called 'nulls') is a convenient way
-to solve following problem :
-
-A typical RCU linked list managing objects which are
-allocated with SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU kmem_cache can
-use following algos :
-
-1) Lookup algo
---------------
-rcu_read_lock()
-begin:
-obj = lockless_lookup(key);
-if (obj) {
- if (!try_get_ref(obj)) // might fail for free objects
- goto begin;
- /*
- * Because a writer could delete object, and a writer could
- * reuse these object before the RCU grace period, we
- * must check key after getting the reference on object
- */
- if (obj->key != key) { // not the object we expected
- put_ref(obj);
- goto begin;
- }
-}
-rcu_read_unlock();
-
-Beware that lockless_lookup(key) cannot use traditional hlist_for_each_entry_rcu()
-but a version with an additional memory barrier (smp_rmb())
-
-lockless_lookup(key)
-{
- struct hlist_node *node, *next;
- for (pos = rcu_dereference((head)->first);
- pos && ({ next = pos->next; smp_rmb(); prefetch(next); 1; }) &&
- ({ tpos = hlist_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1; });
- pos = rcu_dereference(next))
- if (obj->key == key)
- return obj;
- return NULL;
-
-And note the traditional hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() misses this smp_rmb() :
-
- struct hlist_node *node;
- for (pos = rcu_dereference((head)->first);
- pos && ({ prefetch(pos->next); 1; }) &&
- ({ tpos = hlist_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1; });
- pos = rcu_dereference(pos->next))
- if (obj->key == key)
- return obj;
- return NULL;
-}
-
-Quoting Corey Minyard :
-
-"If the object is moved from one list to another list in-between the
- time the hash is calculated and the next field is accessed, and the
- object has moved to the end of a new list, the traversal will not
- complete properly on the list it should have, since the object will
- be on the end of the new list and there's not a way to tell it's on a
- new list and restart the list traversal. I think that this can be
- solved by pre-fetching the "next" field (with proper barriers) before
- checking the key."
-
-2) Insert algo :
-----------------
-
-We need to make sure a reader cannot read the new 'obj->obj_next' value
-and previous value of 'obj->key'. Or else, an item could be deleted
-from a chain, and inserted into another chain. If new chain was empty
-before the move, 'next' pointer is NULL, and lockless reader can
-not detect it missed following items in original chain.
-
-/*
- * Please note that new inserts are done at the head of list,
- * not in the middle or end.
- */
-obj = kmem_cache_alloc(...);
-lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
-obj->key = key;
-/*
- * we need to make sure obj->key is updated before obj->next
- * or obj->refcnt
- */
-smp_wmb();
-atomic_set(&obj->refcnt, 1);
-hlist_add_head_rcu(&obj->obj_node, list);
-unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
-
-
-3) Remove algo
---------------
-Nothing special here, we can use a standard RCU hlist deletion.
-But thanks to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, beware a deleted object can be reused
-very very fast (before the end of RCU grace period)
-
-if (put_last_reference_on(obj) {
- lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
- hlist_del_init_rcu(&obj->obj_node);
- unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
- kmem_cache_free(cachep, obj);
-}
-
-
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-With hlist_nulls we can avoid extra smp_rmb() in lockless_lookup()
-and extra smp_wmb() in insert function.
-
-For example, if we choose to store the slot number as the 'nulls'
-end-of-list marker for each slot of the hash table, we can detect
-a race (some writer did a delete and/or a move of an object
-to another chain) checking the final 'nulls' value if
-the lookup met the end of chain. If final 'nulls' value
-is not the slot number, then we must restart the lookup at
-the beginning. If the object was moved to the same chain,
-then the reader doesn't care : It might eventually
-scan the list again without harm.
-
-
-1) lookup algo
-
- head = &table[slot];
- rcu_read_lock();
-begin:
- hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu(obj, node, head, member) {
- if (obj->key == key) {
- if (!try_get_ref(obj)) // might fail for free objects
- goto begin;
- if (obj->key != key) { // not the object we expected
- put_ref(obj);
- goto begin;
- }
- goto out;
- }
-/*
- * if the nulls value we got at the end of this lookup is
- * not the expected one, we must restart lookup.
- * We probably met an item that was moved to another chain.
- */
- if (get_nulls_value(node) != slot)
- goto begin;
- obj = NULL;
-
-out:
- rcu_read_unlock();
-
-2) Insert function :
---------------------
-
-/*
- * Please note that new inserts are done at the head of list,
- * not in the middle or end.
- */
-obj = kmem_cache_alloc(cachep);
-lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
-obj->key = key;
-/*
- * changes to obj->key must be visible before refcnt one
- */
-smp_wmb();
-atomic_set(&obj->refcnt, 1);
-/*
- * insert obj in RCU way (readers might be traversing chain)
- */
-hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu(&obj->obj_node, list);
-unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
diff --git a/include/linux/rculist_nulls.h b/include/linux/rculist_nulls.h
index 9670b54..ff3e947 100644
--- a/include/linux/rculist_nulls.h
+++ b/include/linux/rculist_nulls.h
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ static inline void hlist_nulls_add_fake(struct hlist_nulls_node *n)
* The barrier() is needed to make sure compiler doesn't cache first element [1],
* as this loop can be restarted [2]
* [1] Documentation/core-api/atomic_ops.rst around line 114
- * [2] Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt around line 146
+ * [2] Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst around line 146
*/
#define hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu(tpos, pos, head, member) \
for (({barrier();}), \
diff --git a/net/core/sock.c b/net/core/sock.c
index 6c4acf1..37229cf 100644
--- a/net/core/sock.c
+++ b/net/core/sock.c
@@ -1972,7 +1972,7 @@ struct sock *sk_clone_lock(const struct sock *sk, const gfp_t priority)

/*
* Before updating sk_refcnt, we must commit prior changes to memory
- * (Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt for details)
+ * (Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst for details)
*/
smp_wmb();
refcount_set(&newsk->sk_refcnt, 2);
@@ -3033,7 +3033,7 @@ void sock_init_data(struct socket *sock, struct sock *sk)
sk_rx_queue_clear(sk);
/*
* Before updating sk_refcnt, we must commit prior changes to memory
- * (Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt for details)
+ * (Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst for details)
*/
smp_wmb();
refcount_set(&sk->sk_refcnt, 1);
--
2.9.5