Re: [GIT PULL][PATCH v7 0/7] Add support for ZSTD-compressed kernel and initramfs
From: Sedat Dilek
Date: Thu Jul 09 2020 - 04:54:21 EST
On Wed, Jul 8, 2020 at 8:55 PM Nick Terrell <nickrterrell@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> From: Nick Terrell <terrelln@xxxxxx>
>
> Please pull from
>
> git@xxxxxxxxxx:terrelln/linux.git tags/v7-zstd
>
> to get these changes. Alternatively the patchset is included.
>
> Hi all,
>
> This patch set adds support for a ZSTD-compressed kernel, ramdisk, and
> initramfs in the kernel boot process. ZSTD-compressed ramdisk and initramfs
> are supported on all architectures. The ZSTD-compressed kernel is only
> hooked up to x86 in this patch set.
>
> Zstandard requires slightly more memory during the kernel decompression
> on x86 (192 KB vs 64 KB), and the memory usage is independent of the
> window size.
>
> Zstandard requires memory proprortional to the window size used during
> compression for decompressing the ramdisk image, since streaming mode is
> used. Newer versions of zstd (1.3.2+) list the window size of a file
> with `zstd -lv <file>'. The absolute maximum amount of memory required
> is just over 8 MB, but it can be controlled at compression time.
>
> This patch set has been boot tested with buildroot and QEMU based off
> of linux-5.6-rc6.
>
> On i386 and x86_64 I have tested the following configurations:
> * zstd compressed kernel and a separate zstd compressed initramfs
> * zstd compressed kernel and a built-in zstd compressed initramfs
> * gzip compressed kernel and a separate gzip compressed initramfs
> * gzip compressed kernel and a built-in gzip compressed initramfs
>
> On arm and aarch64 I tested the same configurations, except that the kernel is
> always gzip compressed.
>
> Facebook has been using v1 of these patches on x86_64 devices for more than 6
> months. When we switched from a xz compressed initramfs to a zstd compressed
> initramfs decompression time shrunk from 12 seconds to 3 seconds. When we
> switched from a xz compressed kernel to a zstd compressed kernel we saved 2
> seconds of boot time.
>
> Facebook has been using v2 of these patches on aarch64 devices for a few weeks.
> When we switched from an lzma compressed initramfs to a zstd compressed initramfs
> decompression time shrunk from 27 seconds to 8 seconds.
>
> The zstd compressed kernel is smaller than the gzip compressed kernel but larger
> than the xz or lzma compressed kernels, and it decompresses faster than
> everything except lz4. See the table below for the measurement of an x86_64
> kernel ordered by compressed size:
>
> algo size
> xz 6,509,792
> lzma 6,856,576
> zstd 7,399,157
> gzip 8,522,527
> bzip 8,629,603
> lzo 9,808,035
> lz4 10,705,570
> none 32,565,672
>
> Alex Xu ran benchmarks in https://lkml.org/lkml/2020/7/1/722.
>
> v1 -> v2:
> - Rebase
> - usr/Makefile and init/Kconfig were changed so the patches were updated
> - No functional changes except to rebase
> - Split the patches up into smaller chunks
>
> v2 -> v3:
> - Add *.zst to the .gitignore in patch 8
> - Style nits in patch 3
> - Rename the PREBOOT macro to ZSTD_PREBOOT and XXH_PREBOOT in patches
> 1 through 3
>
> v3 -> v4:
> - Increase the ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE from 4KB to 128KB to improve performance.
> With this change I switch from malloc() to large_malloc() for the
> buffers.
> - Increase the maximum allowed window size from 8 MB to 128 MB, which is
> the max that zstd in the kernel supports.
>
> v4 -> v5:
> - Update commit message for patch 6 in response to comments
> - Rebase onto next-20200408
>
> v5 -> v6:
> - Rebase onto v5.8-rc4
>
> v6 -> v7:
> - (1/7) Don't define or use 'ZSTD_PREBOOT' to hide exports
> - (2/8) Drop 'lib: prepare xxhash for preboot environment'
> - (2/7) Use '__DISABLE_EXPORTS' in unzstd to hide exports
> - (3/7) Update zstd compression cmd to follow other compressors
> - (3/7) Add zstd22 cmd
> - (6/7) Use zstd -22 --ultra (zstd22) for x86 kernel compression
>
Hi Nick,
I have tested version 7 on top of Linux v5.8-rc4+ with LLVM/Clang
version 1:11~++20200701093119+ffee8040534-1~exp1 from
Debian/experimental.
I changed initramfs-tools accordingly:
--- /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs.orig 2020-04-28 05:56:17.000000000 +0200
+++ /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs.zstd-v7 2020-07-09 10:35:35.119280519 +0200
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ xz) compress="xz --check=crc32"
# If we're not doing a reproducible build, enable multithreading
test -z "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}" && compress="$compress --threads=0"
;;
+zstd) compress="zstd -22 --ultra -v" ;;
bzip2|lzma|lzop)
# no parameters needed
;;
build-log says:
{ cat arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin
arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.relocs | zstd -22 --ultra; printf
\010\015\315\001; } > arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.zst
It's a disc-usage save of approx. 500kiB between zstd-v6 and zstd-v7
concerning initrd-images.
Regards,
- Sedat -
> Best,
> Nick Terrell
>
> Adam Borowski (1):
> .gitignore: add ZSTD-compressed files
>
> Nick Terrell (6):
> lib: prepare zstd for preboot environment
> lib: add zstd support to decompress
> init: add support for zstd compressed kernel
> usr: add support for zstd compressed initramfs
> x86: bump ZO_z_extra_bytes margin for zstd
> x86: Add support for ZSTD compressed kernel
>
> .gitignore | 1 +
> Documentation/x86/boot.rst | 6 +-
> Makefile | 3 +-
> arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 +
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile | 5 +-
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c | 4 +
> arch/x86/boot/header.S | 8 +-
> arch/x86/include/asm/boot.h | 6 +-
> include/linux/decompress/unzstd.h | 11 +
> init/Kconfig | 15 +-
> lib/Kconfig | 4 +
> lib/Makefile | 1 +
> lib/decompress.c | 5 +
> lib/decompress_unzstd.c | 345 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> lib/zstd/fse_decompress.c | 9 +-
> lib/zstd/zstd_internal.h | 14 +-
> scripts/Makefile.lib | 22 ++
> usr/Kconfig | 20 ++
> usr/Makefile | 1 +
> 19 files changed, 462 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 include/linux/decompress/unzstd.h
> create mode 100644 lib/decompress_unzstd.c
>
> --
> 2.27.0
>