[v6 01/15] mm/zone_device: support large zone device private folios

From: Balbir Singh
Date: Tue Sep 16 2025 - 08:21:58 EST


Add routines to support allocation of large order zone device folios
and helper functions for zone device folios, to check if a folio is
device private and helpers for setting zone device data.

When large folios are used, the existing page_free() callback in
pgmap is called when the folio is freed, this is true for both
PAGE_SIZE and higher order pages.

Zone device private large folios do not support deferred split and
scan like normal THP folios.

Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbirs@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@xxxxxx>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@xxxxxx>
Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Ying Huang <ying.huang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Nico Pache <npache@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Lyude Paul <lyude@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Simona Vetter <simona@xxxxxxxx>
Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Mika Penttilä <mpenttil@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Francois Dugast <francois.dugast@xxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/memremap.h | 10 +++++++++-
mm/memremap.c | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++-------------
mm/rmap.c | 6 +++++-
3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/memremap.h b/include/linux/memremap.h
index e5951ba12a28..9c20327c2be5 100644
--- a/include/linux/memremap.h
+++ b/include/linux/memremap.h
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ static inline bool is_fsdax_page(const struct page *page)
}

#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE
-void zone_device_page_init(struct page *page);
+void zone_device_folio_init(struct folio *folio, unsigned int order);
void *memremap_pages(struct dev_pagemap *pgmap, int nid);
void memunmap_pages(struct dev_pagemap *pgmap);
void *devm_memremap_pages(struct device *dev, struct dev_pagemap *pgmap);
@@ -215,6 +215,14 @@ struct dev_pagemap *get_dev_pagemap(unsigned long pfn);
bool pgmap_pfn_valid(struct dev_pagemap *pgmap, unsigned long pfn);

unsigned long memremap_compat_align(void);
+
+static inline void zone_device_page_init(struct page *page)
+{
+ struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
+
+ zone_device_folio_init(folio, 0);
+}
+
#else
static inline void *devm_memremap_pages(struct device *dev,
struct dev_pagemap *pgmap)
diff --git a/mm/memremap.c b/mm/memremap.c
index 46cb1b0b6f72..a8481ebf94cc 100644
--- a/mm/memremap.c
+++ b/mm/memremap.c
@@ -416,20 +416,19 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_dev_pagemap);
void free_zone_device_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
struct dev_pagemap *pgmap = folio->pgmap;
+ unsigned long nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
+ int i;

if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!pgmap))
return;

mem_cgroup_uncharge(folio);

- /*
- * Note: we don't expect anonymous compound pages yet. Once supported
- * and we could PTE-map them similar to THP, we'd have to clear
- * PG_anon_exclusive on all tail pages.
- */
if (folio_test_anon(folio)) {
- VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_large(folio), folio);
- __ClearPageAnonExclusive(folio_page(folio, 0));
+ for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+ __ClearPageAnonExclusive(folio_page(folio, i));
+ } else {
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_large(folio));
}

/*
@@ -456,8 +455,8 @@ void free_zone_device_folio(struct folio *folio)
case MEMORY_DEVICE_COHERENT:
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!pgmap->ops || !pgmap->ops->page_free))
break;
- pgmap->ops->page_free(folio_page(folio, 0));
- put_dev_pagemap(pgmap);
+ pgmap->ops->page_free(&folio->page);
+ percpu_ref_put_many(&folio->pgmap->ref, nr);
break;

case MEMORY_DEVICE_GENERIC:
@@ -480,14 +479,23 @@ void free_zone_device_folio(struct folio *folio)
}
}

-void zone_device_page_init(struct page *page)
+void zone_device_folio_init(struct folio *folio, unsigned int order)
{
+ struct page *page = folio_page(folio, 0);
+
+ VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(order > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
+
/*
* Drivers shouldn't be allocating pages after calling
* memunmap_pages().
*/
- WARN_ON_ONCE(!percpu_ref_tryget_live(&page_pgmap(page)->ref));
- set_page_count(page, 1);
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(!percpu_ref_tryget_many(&page_pgmap(page)->ref, 1 << order));
+ folio_set_count(folio, 1);
lock_page(page);
+
+ if (order > 1) {
+ prep_compound_page(page, order);
+ folio_set_large_rmappable(folio);
+ }
}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zone_device_page_init);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zone_device_folio_init);
diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index 34333ae3bd80..9a2aabfaea6f 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -1769,9 +1769,13 @@ static __always_inline void __folio_remove_rmap(struct folio *folio,
* the folio is unmapped and at least one page is still mapped.
*
* Check partially_mapped first to ensure it is a large folio.
+ *
+ * Device private folios do not support deferred splitting and
+ * shrinker based scanning of the folios to free.
*/
if (partially_mapped && folio_test_anon(folio) &&
- !folio_test_partially_mapped(folio))
+ !folio_test_partially_mapped(folio) &&
+ !folio_is_device_private(folio))
deferred_split_folio(folio, true);

__folio_mod_stat(folio, -nr, -nr_pmdmapped);
--
2.50.1