[PATCH v2 1/1] PM: WQ_UNBOUND added to pm_wq workqueue
From: Marco Crivellari
Date: Fri Sep 19 2025 - 11:30:20 EST
Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound
workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND.
This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues,
allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they’re needed and
reducing noise when CPUs are isolated.
This change add the WQ_UNBOUND flag to pm_wq, to make explicit this
workqueue can be unbound and that it does not benefit from per-cpu work.
Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will
become the implicit default.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@xxxxxxxx>
---
kernel/power/main.c | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/kernel/power/main.c b/kernel/power/main.c
index 3cf2d7e72567..33a47ed15994 100644
--- a/kernel/power/main.c
+++ b/kernel/power/main.c
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pm_wq);
static int __init pm_start_workqueue(void)
{
- pm_wq = alloc_workqueue("pm", WQ_FREEZABLE, 0);
+ pm_wq = alloc_workqueue("pm", WQ_FREEZABLE | WQ_UNBOUND, 0);
return pm_wq ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
}
--
2.51.0