[PATCH RFC 3/3] net: ath11k: add lockup simulation via debugfs

From: Matthew Leach

Date: Wed Mar 04 2026 - 07:49:28 EST


Add a debugfs command to simulate a firmware lockup.

This does not hang the hardware. Instead, it forces the driver down an
error path that reproduces the sequence observed during real lockups:

ath11k_pci 0000:03:00.0: failed to transmit frame -12
ath11k_pci 0000:03:00.0: failed to transmit frame -12
ath11k_pci 0000:03:00.0: failed to transmit frame -12
...
ath11k_pci 0000:03:00.0: wmi command 28680 timeout
ath11k_pci 0000:03:00.0: failed to submit WMI_MGMT_TX_SEND_CMDID cmd
ath11k_pci 0000:03:00.0: failed to send mgmt frame: -11

This allows validation of the firmware lockup detection and recovery
mechanism without requiring a real hardware failure.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Leach <matthew.leach@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/core.h | 1 +
drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/debugfs.c | 7 ++++++-
drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/hal.c | 7 +++++--
drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/htc.c | 2 +-
drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/wmi.c | 6 +++++-
5 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/core.h b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/core.h
index 221dcd23b3dd..44b02ae1e85b 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/core.h
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/core.h
@@ -1041,6 +1041,7 @@ struct ath11k_base {
struct ath11k_dbring_cap *db_caps;
u32 num_db_cap;
u64 last_frame_tx_error_jiffies;
+ bool simulate_lockup;

/* To synchronize 11d scan vdev id */
struct mutex vdev_id_11d_lock;
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/debugfs.c b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/debugfs.c
index 0c1138407838..ca0b72a3e0b0 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/debugfs.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/debugfs.c
@@ -356,7 +356,8 @@ static ssize_t ath11k_read_simulate_fw_crash(struct file *file,
const char buf[] =
"To simulate firmware crash write one of the keywords to this file:\n"
"`assert` - this will send WMI_FORCE_FW_HANG_CMDID to firmware to cause assert.\n"
- "`hw-restart` - this will simply queue hw restart without fw/hw actually crashing.\n";
+ "`hw-restart` - this will simply queue hw restart without fw/hw actually crashing.\n"
+ "`lockup` - simulate a firmware lockup without the h/w actually hanging.\n";

return simple_read_from_buffer(user_buf, count, ppos, buf, strlen(buf));
}
@@ -413,6 +414,10 @@ static ssize_t ath11k_write_simulate_fw_crash(struct file *file,
ath11k_info(ab, "user requested hw restart\n");
queue_work(ab->workqueue_aux, &ab->reset_work);
ret = 0;
+ } else if (!strcmp(buf, "lockup")) {
+ ath11k_info(ab, "simulating lockup\n");
+ ab->simulate_lockup = true;
+ ret = 0;
} else {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto exit;
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/hal.c b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/hal.c
index e821e5a62c1c..e01fb17a4734 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/hal.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/hal.c
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ int ath11k_hal_srng_dst_num_free(struct ath11k_base *ab, struct hal_srng *srng,

tp = srng->u.dst_ring.tp;

- if (sync_hw_ptr) {
+ if (sync_hw_ptr && !ab->simulate_lockup) {
hp = *srng->u.dst_ring.hp_addr;
srng->u.dst_ring.cached_hp = hp;
} else {
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ u32 *ath11k_hal_srng_src_get_next_entry(struct ath11k_base *ab,
*/
next_hp = (srng->u.src_ring.hp + srng->entry_size) % srng->ring_size;

- if (next_hp == srng->u.src_ring.cached_tp)
+ if (next_hp == srng->u.src_ring.cached_tp || ab->simulate_lockup)
return NULL;

desc = srng->ring_base_vaddr + srng->u.src_ring.hp;
@@ -828,6 +828,9 @@ void ath11k_hal_srng_access_begin(struct ath11k_base *ab, struct hal_srng *srng)

lockdep_assert_held(&srng->lock);

+ if (ab->simulate_lockup)
+ return;
+
if (srng->ring_dir == HAL_SRNG_DIR_SRC) {
srng->u.src_ring.cached_tp =
*(volatile u32 *)srng->u.src_ring.tp_addr;
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/htc.c b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/htc.c
index 4571d01cc33d..b05d04a1f5e8 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/htc.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/htc.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static int ath11k_htc_process_trailer(struct ath11k_htc *htc,
break;
}

- if (ab->hw_params.credit_flow) {
+ if (ab->hw_params.credit_flow && !ab->simulate_lockup) {
switch (record->hdr.id) {
case ATH11K_HTC_RECORD_CREDITS:
len = sizeof(struct ath11k_htc_credit_report);
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/wmi.c b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/wmi.c
index 7d9f0bcbb3b0..27d6d4a2f803 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/wmi.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/wmi.c
@@ -345,9 +345,13 @@ int ath11k_wmi_cmd_send(struct ath11k_pdev_wmi *wmi, struct sk_buff *skb,

if (time_in_range64(ab->last_frame_tx_error_jiffies,
range_start, jiffies_64) &&
- queue_work(ab->workqueue_aux, &ab->reset_work))
+ queue_work(ab->workqueue_aux, &ab->reset_work)) {
ath11k_err(wmi_ab->ab,
"Firmware lockup detected. Resetting.");
+
+ /* Assume that reset gets us out of lockup. */
+ ab->simulate_lockup = false;
+ }
}

if (ret == -ENOBUFS)

--
2.53.0