[PATCH] KVM: arm64: Inject UNDEF when host is executing an smc with imm16 != 0

From: Sebastian Ene

Date: Tue Mar 24 2026 - 10:09:03 EST


The ARM Service Calling Convention (SMCCC) specifies that the function
identifier and parameters should be passed in registers, leaving the
16-bit immediate field of the SMC instruction un-handled.
Currently, our pKVM handler ignores the immediate value, which could lead
to non-compliant software relying on implementation-defined behavior.
Enforce the host kernel running under pKVM to use an immediate value
of 0 by decoding the ISS from the ESR_EL2 and inject an undefined
instruction exception back to the caller.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Ene <sebastianene@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c | 7 ++++++-
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c
index e7790097db93..ff6a90a4a4c7 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c
@@ -756,13 +756,18 @@ static bool handle_host_mte(u64 esr)
void handle_trap(struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt)
{
u64 esr = read_sysreg_el2(SYS_ESR);
+ u16 imm16;

switch (ESR_ELx_EC(esr)) {
case ESR_ELx_EC_HVC64:
handle_host_hcall(host_ctxt);
break;
case ESR_ELx_EC_SMC64:
- handle_host_smc(host_ctxt);
+ imm16 = esr & U16_MAX;
+ if (!imm16)
+ handle_host_smc(host_ctxt);
+ else
+ inject_undef64();
break;
case ESR_ELx_EC_IABT_LOW:
case ESR_ELx_EC_DABT_LOW:
--
2.53.0.983.g0bb29b3bc5-goog