[PATCH v3] perf sched stats: Fix segmentation faults, memory leaks, and stale pointers in diff mode
From: Ian Rogers
Date: Tue May 05 2026 - 20:00:55 EST
The patch addresses multiple segmentation fault vectors, out-of-bounds
reads, and memory leaks in perf sched stats by adding bounds checks,
NULL checks, proper error propagation, and robust memory cleanup.
1. In get_all_cpu_stats(), added assert(!list_empty(head)) to prevent
unsafe list_first_entry() calls on empty lists, added a missing NULL
check for summary_head->cpu_data allocation, and implemented a cleanup
ladder using a temporary list to prevent memory leaks on error paths.
2. In free_schedstat(), fixed memory leaks by ensuring internal domain_data
and cpu_data pointers are freed.
3. In show_schedstat_data(), fixed a stale pointer issue where ds2 retained
its value from a previous iteration when dptr2 became NULL, and added
proper propagation of errors from get_all_cpu_stats().
4. Propagated show_schedstat_data() errors up to perf_sched__schedstat_diff()
and perf_sched__schedstat_live() to prevent output corruption on failure.
5. In show_schedstat_data(), added NULL checks for cd_map1 and cd_map2
to gracefully handle invalid or empty data files.
6. Added parallel iteration termination checks using list_is_last() in
show_schedstat_data() for both domain and CPU lists to safely terminate
at the end of each list when files contain a different number of CPUs
or domains.
7. Added CPU bounds checks (cs1->cpu >= nr1 and cs2->cpu >= nr2) in
show_schedstat_data() to prevent out-of-bounds reads from cd_map1 and
cd_map2 when comparing files from machines with different CPU counts.
8. Added NULL checks for cd_info1 and cd_info2 to prevent crashes when
a CPU has data samples but no corresponding domain info in the header.
9. Added domain bounds checks (ds1->domain >= cd_info1->nr_domains and
ds2->domain >= cd_info2->nr_domains) to prevent out-of-bounds array
accesses in the domains array.
10. Added NULL checks for dinfo1 and dinfo2 in show_schedstat_data()
to prevent crashes when a domain has no corresponding domain info.
11. Zero-initialized the perf_data array in perf_sched__schedstat_diff()
to prevent stack garbage from causing perf_data_file__fd() to attempt
to use a NULL fptr when use_stdio happened to be non-zero.
Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro-preview
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
v3:
Address sashiko feedback:
- Fix memory leaks in free_schedstat() by freeing internal data.
- Fix missing NULL check for summary_head->cpu_data in get_all_cpu_stats().
- Fix memory leaks in get_all_cpu_stats() on error paths using a temporary cleanup list.
- Fix stale ds2 pointer comparison in show_schedstat_data() by resetting it to NULL.
- Add error propagation from get_all_cpu_stats() and show_schedstat_data().
- Correct commit message to remove inaccurate claim about uninitialized variable 'ret'.
- Add forward declaration for free_schedstat() to fix compilation error.
v2: Had tested-by Athira Rajeev and reviewed-by James Clark, removed
from v3 given the number of changes.
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-perf-users/20260429173931.2700115-1-irogers@xxxxxxxxxx/
---
tools/perf/builtin-sched.c | 165 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
1 file changed, 131 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)
diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-sched.c b/tools/perf/builtin-sched.c
index 555247568e7a..e39a30056dc5 100644
--- a/tools/perf/builtin-sched.c
+++ b/tools/perf/builtin-sched.c
@@ -3947,6 +3947,8 @@ static struct schedstat_domain *domain_second_pass;
static bool after_workload_flag;
static bool verbose_field;
+static void free_schedstat(struct list_head *head);
+
static void store_schedstat_cpu_diff(struct schedstat_cpu *after_workload)
{
struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *before = cpu_second_pass->cpu_data;
@@ -4170,37 +4172,50 @@ static void summarize_schedstat_domain(struct schedstat_domain *summary_domain,
*/
static int get_all_cpu_stats(struct list_head *head)
{
- struct schedstat_cpu *cptr = list_first_entry(head, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
- struct schedstat_cpu *summary_head = NULL;
- struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *ds;
- struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs;
+ struct schedstat_cpu *cptr, *summary_head = NULL;
struct schedstat_domain *dptr, *tdptr;
bool is_last = false;
int cnt = 1;
int ret = 0;
+ struct list_head tmp_cleanup_list;
- if (cptr) {
- summary_head = zalloc(sizeof(*summary_head));
- if (!summary_head)
- return -ENOMEM;
+ assert(!list_empty(head));
+ cptr = list_first_entry(head, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
- summary_head->cpu_data = zalloc(sizeof(*cs));
- memcpy(summary_head->cpu_data, cptr->cpu_data, sizeof(*cs));
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tmp_cleanup_list);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&summary_head->domain_head);
+ summary_head = zalloc(sizeof(*summary_head));
+ if (!summary_head)
+ return -ENOMEM;
- list_for_each_entry(dptr, &cptr->domain_head, domain_list) {
- tdptr = zalloc(sizeof(*tdptr));
- if (!tdptr)
- return -ENOMEM;
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&summary_head->domain_head);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&summary_head->cpu_list);
+ list_add(&summary_head->cpu_list, &tmp_cleanup_list);
- tdptr->domain_data = zalloc(sizeof(*ds));
- if (!tdptr->domain_data)
- return -ENOMEM;
+ summary_head->cpu_data = zalloc(sizeof(*summary_head->cpu_data));
+ if (!summary_head->cpu_data) {
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto out_cleanup;
+ }
+ memcpy(summary_head->cpu_data, cptr->cpu_data, sizeof(*summary_head->cpu_data));
- memcpy(tdptr->domain_data, dptr->domain_data, sizeof(*ds));
- list_add_tail(&tdptr->domain_list, &summary_head->domain_head);
+ list_for_each_entry(dptr, &cptr->domain_head, domain_list) {
+ tdptr = zalloc(sizeof(*tdptr));
+ if (!tdptr) {
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto out_cleanup;
}
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tdptr->domain_list);
+
+ tdptr->domain_data = zalloc(sizeof(*tdptr->domain_data));
+ if (!tdptr->domain_data) {
+ free(tdptr);
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto out_cleanup;
+ }
+
+ memcpy(tdptr->domain_data, dptr->domain_data, sizeof(*tdptr->domain_data));
+ list_add_tail(&tdptr->domain_list, &summary_head->domain_head);
}
list_for_each_entry(cptr, head, cpu_list) {
@@ -4212,32 +4227,52 @@ static int get_all_cpu_stats(struct list_head *head)
cnt++;
summarize_schedstat_cpu(summary_head, cptr, cnt, is_last);
+ if (list_empty(&summary_head->domain_head))
+ continue;
+
tdptr = list_first_entry(&summary_head->domain_head, struct schedstat_domain,
domain_list);
list_for_each_entry(dptr, &cptr->domain_head, domain_list) {
summarize_schedstat_domain(tdptr, dptr, cnt, is_last);
+ if (list_is_last(&tdptr->domain_list, &summary_head->domain_head)) {
+ tdptr = NULL;
+ break;
+ }
tdptr = list_next_entry(tdptr, domain_list);
}
}
+ list_del_init(&summary_head->cpu_list);
list_add(&summary_head->cpu_list, head);
+ return 0;
+
+out_cleanup:
+ free_schedstat(&tmp_cleanup_list);
return ret;
}
-static int show_schedstat_data(struct list_head *head1, struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map1,
- struct list_head *head2, struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map2,
+static int show_schedstat_data(struct list_head *head1, struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map1, int nr1,
+ struct list_head *head2, struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map2, int nr2,
bool summary_only)
{
struct schedstat_cpu *cptr1 = list_first_entry(head1, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *ds1 = NULL, *ds2 = NULL;
- struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs1 = NULL, *cs2 = NULL;
struct schedstat_domain *dptr1 = NULL, *dptr2 = NULL;
struct schedstat_cpu *cptr2 = NULL;
__u64 jiffies1 = 0, jiffies2 = 0;
bool is_summary = true;
int ret = 0;
+ if (!cd_map1) {
+ pr_err("Error: CPU domain map 1 is missing.\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ if (head2 && !cd_map2) {
+ pr_err("Error: CPU domain map 2 is missing.\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+
printf("Description\n");
print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);
printf("%-30s-> %s\n", "DESC", "Description of the field");
@@ -4260,21 +4295,47 @@ static int show_schedstat_data(struct list_head *head1, struct cpu_domain_map **
printf("\n");
ret = get_all_cpu_stats(head1);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
if (cptr2) {
ret = get_all_cpu_stats(head2);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
cptr2 = list_first_entry(head2, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
}
list_for_each_entry(cptr1, head1, cpu_list) {
struct cpu_domain_map *cd_info1 = NULL, *cd_info2 = NULL;
+ struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs1 = cptr1->cpu_data;
+ struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs2 = NULL;
- cs1 = cptr1->cpu_data;
+ dptr2 = NULL;
+ if (cs1->cpu >= (u32)nr1) {
+ pr_err("Error: CPU %d exceeds domain map size %d\n", cs1->cpu, nr1);
+ return -1;
+ }
cd_info1 = cd_map1[cs1->cpu];
+ if (!cd_info1) {
+ pr_err("Error: CPU %d domain info is missing in map 1.\n",
+ cs1->cpu);
+ return -1;
+ }
if (cptr2) {
cs2 = cptr2->cpu_data;
+ if (cs2->cpu >= (u32)nr2) {
+ pr_err("Error: CPU %d exceeds domain map size %d\n", cs2->cpu, nr2);
+ return -1;
+ }
cd_info2 = cd_map2[cs2->cpu];
- dptr2 = list_first_entry(&cptr2->domain_head, struct schedstat_domain,
- domain_list);
+ if (!cd_info2) {
+ pr_err("Error: CPU %d domain info is missing in map 2.\n",
+ cs2->cpu);
+ return -1;
+ }
+ if (!list_empty(&cptr2->domain_head))
+ dptr2 = list_first_entry(&cptr2->domain_head,
+ struct schedstat_domain,
+ domain_list);
}
if (cs2 && cs1->cpu != cs2->cpu) {
@@ -4302,10 +4363,31 @@ static int show_schedstat_data(struct list_head *head1, struct cpu_domain_map **
struct domain_info *dinfo1 = NULL, *dinfo2 = NULL;
ds1 = dptr1->domain_data;
+ ds2 = NULL;
+ if (ds1->domain >= cd_info1->nr_domains) {
+ pr_err("Error: Domain %d exceeds max domains %d for CPU %d in map 1.\n",
+ ds1->domain, cd_info1->nr_domains, cs1->cpu);
+ return -1;
+ }
dinfo1 = cd_info1->domains[ds1->domain];
+ if (!dinfo1) {
+ pr_err("Error: Domain %d info is missing for CPU %d in map 1.\n",
+ ds1->domain, cs1->cpu);
+ return -1;
+ }
if (dptr2) {
ds2 = dptr2->domain_data;
+ if (ds2->domain >= cd_info2->nr_domains) {
+ pr_err("Error: Domain %d exceeds max domains %d for CPU %d in map 2.\n",
+ ds2->domain, cd_info2->nr_domains, cs2->cpu);
+ return -1;
+ }
dinfo2 = cd_info2->domains[ds2->domain];
+ if (!dinfo2) {
+ pr_err("Error: Domain %d info is missing for CPU %d in map 2.\n",
+ ds2->domain, cs2->cpu);
+ return -1;
+ }
}
if (dinfo2 && dinfo1->domain != dinfo2->domain) {
@@ -4334,14 +4416,22 @@ static int show_schedstat_data(struct list_head *head1, struct cpu_domain_map **
print_domain_stats(ds1, ds2, jiffies1, jiffies2);
print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);
- if (dptr2)
- dptr2 = list_next_entry(dptr2, domain_list);
+ if (dptr2) {
+ if (list_is_last(&dptr2->domain_list, &cptr2->domain_head))
+ dptr2 = NULL;
+ else
+ dptr2 = list_next_entry(dptr2, domain_list);
+ }
}
if (summary_only)
break;
- if (cptr2)
- cptr2 = list_next_entry(cptr2, cpu_list);
+ if (cptr2) {
+ if (list_is_last(&cptr2->cpu_list, head2))
+ cptr2 = NULL;
+ else
+ cptr2 = list_next_entry(cptr2, cpu_list);
+ }
is_summary = false;
}
@@ -4473,9 +4563,11 @@ static void free_schedstat(struct list_head *head)
list_for_each_entry_safe(cptr, n2, head, cpu_list) {
list_for_each_entry_safe(dptr, n1, &cptr->domain_head, domain_list) {
list_del_init(&dptr->domain_list);
+ free(dptr->domain_data);
free(dptr);
}
list_del_init(&cptr->cpu_list);
+ free(cptr->cpu_data);
free(cptr);
}
}
@@ -4523,7 +4615,9 @@ static int perf_sched__schedstat_report(struct perf_sched *sched)
}
cd_map = session->header.env.cpu_domain;
- err = show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head, cd_map, NULL, NULL, false);
+ err = show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head, cd_map,
+ session->header.env.nr_cpus_avail,
+ NULL, NULL, 0, false);
}
out:
@@ -4538,7 +4632,7 @@ static int perf_sched__schedstat_diff(struct perf_sched *sched,
struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map0 = NULL, **cd_map1 = NULL;
struct list_head cpu_head_ses0, cpu_head_ses1;
struct perf_session *session[2];
- struct perf_data data[2];
+ struct perf_data data[2] = {0};
int ret = 0, err = 0;
static const char *defaults[] = {
"perf.data.old",
@@ -4610,7 +4704,10 @@ static int perf_sched__schedstat_diff(struct perf_sched *sched,
goto out_delete_ses0;
}
- show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head_ses0, cd_map0, &cpu_head_ses1, cd_map1, true);
+ ret = show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head_ses0, cd_map0, session[0]->header.env.nr_cpus_avail,
+ &cpu_head_ses1, cd_map1, session[1]->header.env.nr_cpus_avail, true);
+ if (ret)
+ goto out_delete_ses1;
out_delete_ses1:
free_schedstat(&cpu_head_ses1);
@@ -4720,7 +4817,7 @@ static int perf_sched__schedstat_live(struct perf_sched *sched,
goto out;
}
- show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head, cd_map, NULL, NULL, false);
+ err = show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head, cd_map, nr, NULL, NULL, 0, false);
free_cpu_domain_info(cd_map, sv, nr);
out:
free_schedstat(&cpu_head);
--
2.54.0.545.g6539524ca2-goog