Re: [PATCH v2 6/9] vfio/pci: Clean up BAR zap and revocation

[Alex Williamson]

On Wed, 27 May 2026 03:23:09 -0700
Matt Evans <mattev@xxxxxxxx> wrote:

> Previously, vfio_pci_zap_bars() (and the wrapper
> vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock()) calls were paired with
> calls of vfio_pci_dma_buf_move().
> 
> This commit replaces them a unified new function,
> vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars() containing both the vfio_pci_dma_buf_move()
> and the unmap_mapping_range(), making it harder for callers to omit
> one.  It adds a wrapper, vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(), which takes
> the write memory_lock before zapping, and adds a new
> vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars() for the re-enable path.
> 
> However, as of "vfio/pci: Convert BAR mmap() to use a DMABUF" the
> unmap_mapping_range() to zap is entirely redundant for plain vfio-pci,
> since the DMABUFs used for BAR mappings already zap PTEs when the
> vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() occurs.
> 
> One exception remains as a FIXME: in nvgrace-gpu, some BAR VMAs
> conditionally use custom vm_ops, which have not moved to be backed by
> DMABUFs.  If these BARs are mmap()ed, the vdev enables the existing
> behaviour of unmap_mapping_range() for the device fd address space.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Matt Evans <mattev@xxxxxxxx>
> ---
>  drivers/vfio/pci/nvgrace-gpu/main.c |  5 +++
>  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c  | 30 ++++++-------
>  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c    | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
>  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h    |  3 +-
>  include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h       |  1 +
>  5 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/nvgrace-gpu/main.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/nvgrace-gpu/main.c
> index 15e2f03c6cd4..cfa649200a7f 100644
> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/nvgrace-gpu/main.c
> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/nvgrace-gpu/main.c
> @@ -364,6 +364,8 @@ static int nvgrace_gpu_mmap(struct vfio_device *core_vdev,
>  	struct nvgrace_gpu_pci_core_device *nvdev =
>  		container_of(core_vdev, struct nvgrace_gpu_pci_core_device,
>  			     core_device.vdev);
> +	struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev =
> +		container_of(core_vdev, struct vfio_pci_core_device, vdev);
>  	struct mem_region *memregion;
>  	u64 req_len, pgoff, end;
>  	unsigned int index;
> @@ -374,6 +376,9 @@ static int nvgrace_gpu_mmap(struct vfio_device *core_vdev,
>  	if (!memregion)
>  		return vfio_pci_core_mmap(core_vdev, vma);
>  
> +	/* Non-DMABUF BAR mappings need an extra zap */
> +	vdev->bar_needs_zap = true;
> +

This works, but it's subtle, and failing to opt-in is dangerous.  The
name, to me, also suggests some transient state of the device rather
than an ongoing property.  What if we used "zap_bars_on_revoke" and
made vfio_pci_core_register_device() set this to true when:

	if (vdev->vdev.ops->mmap != vfio_pci_core_mmap)
		vdev->zap_bars_on_revoke = true;

That gives us automatic opt-in to the safe default.  The hisi_acc
driver .mmap is just a wrapper to vfio_pci_core_mmap(), so it could
manually opt-out:

	ret = vfio_pci_core_register_device(&hisi_acc_vdev->core_device);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/* mmaps are to the dmabuf, not the region */
	hisi_acc_vdev->core_device.zap_bars_on_revoke = false;

We can't have the opt-out in vfio_pci_core_mmap() as drivers like
nvgrace-gpu can use the core function for some BARs and their own
handling for others.  Thanks,

Alex

>  	/*
>  	 * Request to mmap the BAR. Map to the CPU accessible memory on the
>  	 * GPU using the memory information gathered from the system ACPI
> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
> index a10ed733f0e3..8bfab0da481c 100644
> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
> @@ -590,12 +590,10 @@ static int vfio_basic_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos,
>  		virt_mem = !!(le16_to_cpu(*virt_cmd) & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
>  		new_mem = !!(new_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
>  
> -		if (!new_mem) {
> -			vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
> -			vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
> -		} else {
> +		if (!new_mem)
> +			vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
> +		else
>  			down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
> -		}
>  
>  		/*
>  		 * If the user is writing mem/io enable (new_mem/io) and we
> @@ -631,7 +629,7 @@ static int vfio_basic_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos,
>  		*virt_cmd |= cpu_to_le16(new_cmd & mask);
>  
>  		if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev))
> -			vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
> +			vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev);
>  		up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  	}
>  
> @@ -712,16 +710,14 @@ static int __init init_pci_cap_basic_perm(struct perm_bits *perm)
>  static void vfio_lock_and_set_power_state(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  					  pci_power_t state)
>  {
> -	if (state >= PCI_D3hot) {
> -		vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
> -		vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
> -	} else {
> +	if (state >= PCI_D3hot)
> +		vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
> +	else
>  		down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
> -	}
>  
>  	vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, state);
>  	if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev))
> -		vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
> +		vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev);
>  	up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  }
>  
> @@ -908,11 +904,10 @@ static int vfio_exp_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos,
>  						 &cap);
>  
>  		if (!ret && (cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR)) {
> -			vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
> -			vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
> +			vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
>  			pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev);
>  			if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev))
> -				vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
> +				vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev);
>  			up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  		}
>  	}
> @@ -993,11 +988,10 @@ static int vfio_af_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos,
>  						&cap);
>  
>  		if (!ret && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR) && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP)) {
> -			vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
> -			vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
> +			vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
>  			pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev);
>  			if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev))
> -				vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
> +				vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev);
>  			up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  		}
>  	}
> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> index c5f934905ce0..cfea59806a4f 100644
> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> @@ -319,8 +319,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_runtime_pm_entry(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  	 * The vdev power related flags are protected with 'memory_lock'
>  	 * semaphore.
>  	 */
> -	vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
> -	vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
> +	vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
>  
>  	if (vdev->pm_runtime_engaged) {
>  		up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
> @@ -406,7 +405,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_runtime_pm_exit(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
>  	down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  	__vfio_pci_runtime_pm_exit(vdev);
>  	if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev))
> -		vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
> +		vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev);
>  	up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  }
>  
> @@ -1256,6 +1255,8 @@ static int vfio_pci_ioctl_set_irqs(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  	return ret;
>  }
>  
> +static void vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev);
> +
>  static int vfio_pci_ioctl_reset(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  				void __user *arg)
>  {
> @@ -1264,7 +1265,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_ioctl_reset(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  	if (!vdev->reset_works)
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  
> -	vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
> +	down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * This function can be invoked while the power state is non-D0. If
> @@ -1277,10 +1278,11 @@ static int vfio_pci_ioctl_reset(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  	 */
>  	vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, PCI_D0);
>  
> -	vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
> +	vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
> +
>  	ret = pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev);
>  	if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev))
> -		vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
> +		vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev);
>  	up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  
>  	return ret;
> @@ -1648,20 +1650,44 @@ ssize_t vfio_pci_core_write(struct vfio_device *core_vdev, const char __user *bu
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfio_pci_core_write);
>  
> -static void vfio_pci_zap_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
> +static void vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
>  {
> -	struct vfio_device *core_vdev = &vdev->vdev;
> -	loff_t start = VFIO_PCI_INDEX_TO_OFFSET(VFIO_PCI_BAR0_REGION_INDEX);
> -	loff_t end = VFIO_PCI_INDEX_TO_OFFSET(VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX);
> -	loff_t len = end - start;
> +	lockdep_assert_held_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
> +	vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
>  
> -	unmap_mapping_range(core_vdev->inode->i_mapping, start, len, true);
> +	/*
> +	 * All VFIO PCI BARs are backed by DMABUFs, with the current
> +	 * exception of the nvgrace-gpu device which uses its own
> +	 * vm_ops for a subset of BARs.  For this, BAR mappings are
> +	 * still made in the vdev's address_space, and a zap is
> +	 * required.  The tracking is crude, and will (harmlessly)
> +	 * continue to zap if the special BAR is unmapped, but that
> +	 * behaviour isn't the common case.
> +	 *
> +	 * FIXME: This can go away if the special nvgrace-gpu mapping
> +	 * is converted to use DMABUF.
> +	 */
> +	if (vdev->bar_needs_zap) {
> +		struct vfio_device *core_vdev = &vdev->vdev;
> +		loff_t start = VFIO_PCI_INDEX_TO_OFFSET(VFIO_PCI_BAR0_REGION_INDEX);
> +		loff_t end = VFIO_PCI_INDEX_TO_OFFSET(VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX);
> +		loff_t len = end - start;
> +
> +		unmap_mapping_range(core_vdev->inode->i_mapping,
> +				    start, len, true);
> +	}
>  }
>  
> -void vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
> +void vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
>  {
>  	down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
> -	vfio_pci_zap_bars(vdev);
> +	vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
> +}
> +
> +void vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
> +{
> +	lockdep_assert_held_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
> +	vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
>  }
>  
>  u16 vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
> @@ -2517,9 +2543,10 @@ static int vfio_pci_dev_set_hot_reset(struct vfio_device_set *dev_set,
>  		}
>  
>  		/*
> -		 * Take the memory write lock for each device and zap BAR
> -		 * mappings to prevent the user accessing the device while in
> -		 * reset.  Locking multiple devices is prone to deadlock,
> +		 * Take the memory write lock for each device and
> +		 * zap/revoke BAR mappings to prevent the user (or
> +		 * peers) accessing the device while in reset.
> +		 * Locking multiple devices is prone to deadlock,
>  		 * runaway and unwind if we hit contention.
>  		 */
>  		if (!down_write_trylock(&vdev->memory_lock)) {
> @@ -2527,8 +2554,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_dev_set_hot_reset(struct vfio_device_set *dev_set,
>  			break;
>  		}
>  
> -		vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true);
> -		vfio_pci_zap_bars(vdev);
> +		vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars(vdev);
>  	}
>  
>  	if (!list_entry_is_head(vdev,
> @@ -2558,7 +2584,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_dev_set_hot_reset(struct vfio_device_set *dev_set,
>  	list_for_each_entry_from_reverse(vdev, &dev_set->device_list,
>  					 vdev.dev_set_list) {
>  		if (vdev->vdev.open_count && __vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev))
> -			vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false);
> +			vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev);
>  		up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  	}
>  
> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h
> index d38e1b98b2e9..10833aabd7fb 100644
> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h
> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h
> @@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ void vfio_config_free(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev);
>  int vfio_pci_set_power_state(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  			     pci_power_t state);
>  
> -void vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev);
> +void vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev);
> +void vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev);
>  u16 vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev);
>  void vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  					u16 cmd);
> diff --git a/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h b/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h
> index 7accd0eac457..e35e82c24c8c 100644
> --- a/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h
> +++ b/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h
> @@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ struct vfio_pci_core_device {
>  	bool			needs_pm_restore:1;
>  	bool			pm_intx_masked:1;
>  	bool			pm_runtime_engaged:1;
> +	bool			bar_needs_zap:1;
>  	struct pci_saved_state	*pci_saved_state;
>  	struct pci_saved_state	*pm_save;
>  	int			ioeventfds_nr;