Re: [PATCH v2] KVM: x86/mmu: Write-protect tracked GFNs in all address spaces

[Sean Christopherson]

On Wed, Aug 05, 2026, Jinu Kim wrote:
> Thanks. After considering your comments, I think v2 is trying to solve a
> broader problem than the one reported, and that the resulting complexity
> is difficult to justify.
> 
> One thing I do not understand is the proposed revert of 0f38453cdb2e.
> The original pte_list_remove() panic was reproduced on then-current
> mainline with 0cb2af2ea66a, 81ccda30b4e8, and aad885e774966 already
> present.  The panic remained reachable there, and 0f38453cdb2e stopped
> it.  How would those three commits prevent the original upper-level
> shadow page from becoming unsync?

That's why I prefaced that with "Assuming the true badness referenced by commits";
it wasn't clear to me how marking an upper-level SP as unsync leads to a corrupted
rmap, and I hadn't thought too hard about it.

I assume it gets triggered by way of FNAME(sync_spte)() calling drop_spte(),
either directly or via FNAME(prefetch_invalid_gpte)().  Though it's somewhat of
a moot point because marking an upper-level SP unsync triggers a pile of WARNs
in so many other places.

Hmm, but *if* we decide to officially say cross-address-space gPTE writes are
unsupported, then I think I'd vote to revert (to make it abundantly clear that
the behavior is unsupported), and then suppress the issue by skipping like so:

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
index c519e8e8d646..34d3949b6362 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
@@ -2997,6 +2997,12 @@ int mmu_try_to_unsync_pages(struct kvm *kvm, const struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
                if (prefetch)
                        return -EEXIST;
 
+               /* Comment here about abusing SMM. */
+               if (sp->role.level != PG_LEVEL_4K) {
+                       WARN_ON_ONCE(!!sp->role.smm == !!slot->as_id);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
                /*
                 * TDP MMU page faults require an additional spinlock as they
                 * run with mmu_lock held for read, not write, and the unsync
@@ -3020,7 +3026,6 @@ int mmu_try_to_unsync_pages(struct kvm *kvm, const struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
                                continue;
                }
 
-               WARN_ON_ONCE(sp->role.level != PG_LEVEL_4K);
                kvm_unsync_page(kvm, sp);
        }
        if (locked)

Actually, irrespective of what we do with SMM, we should harden KVM to skip
marking upper-level SPs as unsync, because while corrupting guest memory is bad,
corrupting guest memory *and* crashing/compromising the host is worse.

So as an immediate defense-in-depth, I think this? (BUG the VM to reduce the
probability of the guest consuming corrupted data).

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
index c519e8e8d646..8d53d37750c5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
@@ -2997,6 +2997,9 @@ int mmu_try_to_unsync_pages(struct kvm *kvm, const struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
                if (prefetch)
                        return -EEXIST;
 
+               if (KVM_BUG_ON(sp->role.level != PG_LEVEL_4K, kvm))
+                       continue;
+
                /*
                 * TDP MMU page faults require an additional spinlock as they
                 * run with mmu_lock held for read, not write, and the unsync
@@ -3020,7 +3023,6 @@ int mmu_try_to_unsync_pages(struct kvm *kvm, const struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
                                continue;
                }
 
-               WARN_ON_ONCE(sp->role.level != PG_LEVEL_4K);
                kvm_unsync_page(kvm, sp);
        }
        if (locked)


> Your comments also made me separate the general limitations of write
> tracking from a narrower issue in this case.  I understand that KVM
> cannot guarantee write tracking for every way guest page-table memory can
> be modified, and I have not established a current-mainline host-security
> consequence for the remaining cross-address-space revocation issue.
> 
> In that narrower framing, there may still be something worth fixing.  In
> the reported SMM configuration, KVM creates CPU SPTEs in both address
> spaces for the same GFN and backing page, accounts that GFN as backing an
> indirect shadow page, but can leave the peer SPTE MMU-writable.  KVM's
> shadow-page accounting state and the permissions installed by KVM are
> therefore inconsistent with each other.

I agree it's a bug, I just don't want to fix it. :-)

> Fixing that local mismatch would not imply support for DMA, host writes,
> arbitrary aliases, or a general guarantee that KVM observes all writes to
> guest page-table memory.  Those cases can remain unsupported and be
> documented as such.
> 
> If this narrower boundary makes sense to you, I will rework the patch
> around the existing shadow-page accounting and synchronization
> transitions.  A replacement would keep the normal mapping and memslot
> lifecycle paths unchanged and avoid introducing persistent
> cross-address-space state.

Honestly, I'd wrather support host userspace writes than cross-address-space
writes.  At least those could have a somewhat plausible use case, e.g. if userspace
were to implement its own emulator.

But I am also very biased against KVM's SMM emulation, which is why I want Paolo's
input.