[PATCH v4 1/7] KVM: x86: Add an emulator flag to differentiate branch targets from fetches

From: Sohil Mehta

Date: Wed Aug 05 2026 - 21:27:04 EST


From: Binbin Wu <binbin.wu@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Add a new emulator flag, X86EMUL_F_BRANCH, and use it instead of
X86EMUL_F_FETCH in assign_eip() to distinguish between instruction fetch
and branch target computation for features that handle them differently.

For example, Linear Address Space Separation (LASS) applies to code
fetches but not branch target calculations. A LASS violation occurs only
when the branch target is used to fetch an instruction.

X86EMUL_F_BRANCH is still a code access, so add it to the code segment
readability check in __linearize() along with the Linear Address Masking
(LAM) untagging exemption in vmx_get_untagged_addr().

For now, X86EMUL_F_BRANCH and X86EMUL_F_FETCH are identical as far as
KVM is concerned. No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Binbin Wu <binbin.wu@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Sohil Mehta <sohil.mehta@xxxxxxxxx>
---
v4:
- Added LAM untagging exemption
- Reworded the commit message
---
arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c | 5 +++--
arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h | 1 +
arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c | 3 ++-
3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
index 8071b372d233..8ff28643b2e3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
@@ -672,7 +672,8 @@ static __always_inline int __linearize(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
(flags & X86EMUL_F_WRITE))
goto bad;
/* unreadable code segment */
- if (!(flags & X86EMUL_F_FETCH) && (desc.type & 8) && !(desc.type & 2))
+ if (!(flags & (X86EMUL_F_FETCH | X86EMUL_F_BRANCH)) &&
+ (desc.type & 8) && !(desc.type & 2))
goto bad;
lim = desc_limit_scaled(&desc);
if (!(desc.type & 8) && (desc.type & 4)) {
@@ -723,7 +724,7 @@ static inline int assign_eip(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, ulong dst)
if (ctxt->op_bytes != sizeof(unsigned long))
addr.ea = dst & ((1UL << (ctxt->op_bytes << 3)) - 1);
rc = __linearize(ctxt, addr, &max_size, 1, ctxt->mode, &linear,
- X86EMUL_F_FETCH);
+ X86EMUL_F_BRANCH);
if (rc == X86EMUL_CONTINUE)
ctxt->_eip = addr.ea;
return rc;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h b/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h
index 3e375af15c03..97421b8dde13 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ struct x86_instruction_info {
#define X86EMUL_F_INVLPG BIT(3)
#define X86EMUL_F_MSR BIT(4)
#define X86EMUL_F_DT_LOAD BIT(5)
+#define X86EMUL_F_BRANCH BIT(6)

struct x86_emulate_ops {
void (*vm_bugged)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index e3bfe6aca1a0..973f7e95be65 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -8571,7 +8571,8 @@ gva_t vmx_get_untagged_addr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t gva, unsigned int flags
int lam_bit;
unsigned long cr3_bits;

- if (flags & (X86EMUL_F_FETCH | X86EMUL_F_IMPLICIT | X86EMUL_F_INVLPG))
+ if (flags & (X86EMUL_F_FETCH | X86EMUL_F_BRANCH | X86EMUL_F_IMPLICIT |
+ X86EMUL_F_INVLPG))
return gva;

if (!is_64_bit_mode(vcpu))
--
2.43.0