[RFC PATCH v2 4/4] KVM: x86: handle VBS VTL call/return via in-kernel plane switch

From: Sriram Nambakam

Date: Mon Aug 10 2026 - 20:33:42 EST


Service the VBS inter-plane hypercalls in-kernel, with no userspace round
trip, by switching planes:

KVM_HC_VBS_VTL_CALL - the normal plane (0) calls into the secure plane
(1). a0 is the guest-physical address of the
shared calling area; deliver it to the secure
plane's pending VTL return (or mark it pending if
the secure plane is still booting) and switch.
KVM_HC_VBS_VTL_RETURN - the secure plane (>0) hands control back to plane
0, announcing readiness and delivering any call
that arrived while it was booting.

The switch reuses the per-plane scheduling (kvm_vcpu_set_plane_runnable/
stopped + KVM_REQ_PLANE_RESCHED).
---
arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 59 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index 3b21c72fc9e0..35fbe0776a3e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -10562,6 +10562,65 @@ int ____kvm_emulate_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int cpl,
vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io = complete_hypercall;
return 0;
}
+ case KVM_HC_VBS_VTL_CALL: {
+ /*
+ * Runtime VBS call from the normal plane (0) into the secure
+ * plane (1), serviced in-kernel by switching planes. a0 is the
+ * guest-physical address of the shared calling area. If the
+ * secure plane is parked in its VTL return, deliver the GPA as
+ * that return's value now; otherwise mark it pending so the
+ * secure plane picks it up on its first return.
+ */
+ struct kvm_vcpu_common *common = vcpu->common;
+ struct kvm_vcpu *secure;
+
+ if (vcpu->plane_level != 0)
+ break;
+
+ secure = common->vcpus[1];
+ if (!secure)
+ break;
+
+ common->vtl_call_ca = a0;
+ if (common->vtl_plane_ready) {
+ kvm_rax_write_raw(secure, a0);
+ common->vtl_call_pending = false;
+ } else {
+ common->vtl_call_pending = true;
+ }
+
+ kvm_vcpu_set_plane_runnable(secure);
+ kvm_vcpu_set_plane_stopped(vcpu);
+ ret = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ case KVM_HC_VBS_VTL_RETURN: {
+ /*
+ * The secure plane (>0) hands control back to plane 0. On its
+ * first return it announces readiness; if a call arrived while
+ * it was still booting, deliver that calling-area GPA now and
+ * stay in the secure plane. Otherwise switch back to plane 0.
+ */
+ struct kvm_vcpu_common *common = vcpu->common;
+
+ if (vcpu->plane_level == 0) {
+ ret = -KVM_EPERM;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ common->vtl_plane_ready = true;
+
+ if (common->vtl_call_pending) {
+ common->vtl_call_pending = false;
+ ret = common->vtl_call_ca;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ kvm_vcpu_set_plane_runnable(common->vcpus[0]);
+ kvm_vcpu_set_plane_stopped(vcpu);
+ ret = 0;
+ break;
+ }
case KVM_HC_VM_PLANES_CONFIG:
case KVM_HC_VM_PLANES_ACTIVATE:
/*
--
2.55.0