[PATCH 1/2] drm: Add common drm_user_fence helper

From: Srinivasan Shanmugam

Date: Thu Aug 27 2026 - 02:22:30 EST


Introduce a common DRM user fence helper providing the kref-managed,
MM-borrowing dma-fence-callback-to-workqueue pattern used by drivers
that must access userspace memory from a kthread context when a GPU
fence signals.

XE uses this pattern (xe_sync.c) to write a fence completion value
to a userspace VA. AMDGPU will use the same pattern to signal a
per-queue eventfd from a user-queue EOP fence callback.

The helper provides:
- struct drm_user_fence: embeddable base structure
- struct drm_user_fence_ops: worker/destroy callbacks
- drm_user_fence_init(): initialize and grab the process MM
- drm_user_fence_get/put(): reference counting
- drm_user_fence_add_callback(): attach to a dma-fence

The worker callback receives a bool indicating whether the process
MM was successfully obtained, allowing drivers to handle the
unavailable-MM case (log, skip the userspace write, etc.) without
duplicating the mmget/kthread_use_mm/mmput boilerplate.

Suggested-by: Christian König <christian.koenig@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Maxime Ripard <mripard@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@xxxxxxx>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Simona Vetter <simona@xxxxxxxx>
Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: dri-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: intel-xe@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: linux-media@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: linaro-mm-sig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: amd-gfx@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Srinivasan Shanmugam <srinivasan.shanmugam@xxxxxxx>
---
drivers/gpu/drm/Makefile | 1 +
drivers/gpu/drm/drm_user_fence.c | 130 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/drm/drm_user_fence.h | 68 ++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 199 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_user_fence.c
create mode 100644 include/drm/drm_user_fence.h

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/Makefile
index e97faabcd783..52de1f474535 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/Makefile
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ drm-y := \
drm_syncobj.o \
drm_sysfs.o \
drm_trace_points.o \
+ drm_user_fence.o \
drm_vblank.o \
drm_vblank_work.o \
drm_vma_manager.o \
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_user_fence.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_user_fence.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd76e3d03120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_user_fence.c
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2024 The Linux Foundation
+ *
+ * Common DRM user fence helper.
+ *
+ * When a GPU dma-fence signals, drivers often need to write a value to a
+ * userspace VA or notify userspace via an eventfd. Both operations require
+ * a valid process MM, which is not available in IRQ context.
+ *
+ * This helper queues a work item on fence signal. The work item borrows the
+ * process MM via kthread_use_mm() and calls ops->worker(), which the driver
+ * implements to perform the actual userspace access.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>
+
+#include <drm/drm_user_fence.h>
+
+static void drm_user_fence_destroy(struct kref *kref)
+{
+ struct drm_user_fence *ufence =
+ container_of(kref, struct drm_user_fence, refcount);
+
+ mmdrop(ufence->mm);
+ ufence->ops->destroy(ufence);
+}
+
+/**
+ * drm_user_fence_get - Acquire a reference to a user fence
+ * @ufence: user fence
+ */
+void drm_user_fence_get(struct drm_user_fence *ufence)
+{
+ kref_get(&ufence->refcount);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(drm_user_fence_get);
+
+/**
+ * drm_user_fence_put - Release a reference to a user fence
+ * @ufence: user fence
+ */
+void drm_user_fence_put(struct drm_user_fence *ufence)
+{
+ kref_put(&ufence->refcount, drm_user_fence_destroy);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(drm_user_fence_put);
+
+static void drm_user_fence_work(struct work_struct *w)
+{
+ struct drm_user_fence *ufence =
+ container_of(w, struct drm_user_fence, work);
+ bool mm_ok = false;
+
+ if (mmget_not_zero(ufence->mm)) {
+ kthread_use_mm(ufence->mm);
+ mm_ok = true;
+ }
+
+ ufence->ops->worker(ufence, mm_ok);
+
+ if (mm_ok) {
+ kthread_unuse_mm(ufence->mm);
+ mmput(ufence->mm);
+ }
+
+ drm_user_fence_put(ufence);
+}
+
+static void drm_user_fence_cb(struct dma_fence *fence, struct dma_fence_cb *cb)
+{
+ struct drm_user_fence *ufence =
+ container_of(cb, struct drm_user_fence, cb);
+
+ INIT_WORK(&ufence->work, drm_user_fence_work);
+ queue_work(ufence->wq, &ufence->work);
+}
+
+/**
+ * drm_user_fence_init - Initialize a user fence
+ * @ufence: user fence to initialize
+ * @wq: workqueue to run the worker on (must be ordered if sequencing matters)
+ * @ops: driver operations
+ *
+ * Must be called from process context. Grabs a reference to current->mm.
+ */
+void drm_user_fence_init(struct drm_user_fence *ufence,
+ struct workqueue_struct *wq,
+ const struct drm_user_fence_ops *ops)
+{
+ kref_init(&ufence->refcount);
+ ufence->mm = current->mm;
+ mmgrab(ufence->mm);
+ ufence->wq = wq;
+ ufence->ops = ops;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(drm_user_fence_init);
+
+/**
+ * drm_user_fence_add_callback - Attach a user fence to a dma-fence
+ * @ufence: user fence
+ * @fence: dma-fence to watch; caller retains ownership of this reference
+ *
+ * When @fence signals, a work item is queued that calls ops->worker() with
+ * the process MM active. If @fence has already signaled the work item is
+ * queued immediately.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, negative errno on error.
+ */
+int drm_user_fence_add_callback(struct drm_user_fence *ufence,
+ struct dma_fence *fence)
+{
+ int err;
+
+ drm_user_fence_get(ufence);
+ err = dma_fence_add_callback(fence, &ufence->cb, drm_user_fence_cb);
+ if (err == -ENOENT) {
+ /* fence already signaled — queue work immediately */
+ INIT_WORK(&ufence->work, drm_user_fence_work);
+ queue_work(ufence->wq, &ufence->work);
+ err = 0;
+ } else if (err) {
+ drm_user_fence_put(ufence);
+ }
+
+ return err;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(drm_user_fence_add_callback);
diff --git a/include/drm/drm_user_fence.h b/include/drm/drm_user_fence.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..de8e3f47be18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/drm/drm_user_fence.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2024 The Linux Foundation
+ */
+
+#ifndef __DRM_USER_FENCE_H__
+#define __DRM_USER_FENCE_H__
+
+#include <linux/dma-fence.h>
+#include <linux/kref.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>
+
+struct drm_user_fence;
+
+/**
+ * struct drm_user_fence_ops - driver callbacks for a DRM user fence
+ */
+struct drm_user_fence_ops {
+ /**
+ * @worker: Called from workqueue context.
+ *
+ * If @mm_ok is true, kthread_use_mm() is active and userspace memory
+ * (copy_to_user, eventfd_signal, etc.) may be accessed safely.
+ * If @mm_ok is false, the process MM was already gone; the driver
+ * should log a warning and skip the userspace write.
+ *
+ * wake_up() or other post-signal housekeeping should also happen here.
+ */
+ void (*worker)(struct drm_user_fence *ufence, bool mm_ok);
+
+ /**
+ * @destroy: Called when the last reference is dropped.
+ * Free the containing structure here.
+ */
+ void (*destroy)(struct drm_user_fence *ufence);
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct drm_user_fence - embeddable DRM user fence
+ *
+ * Drivers embed this in their own structure and implement
+ * &drm_user_fence_ops. Call drm_user_fence_init() at creation and
+ * drm_user_fence_add_callback() to arm on a dma-fence.
+ */
+struct drm_user_fence {
+ /** @refcount: Reference count. */
+ struct kref refcount;
+ /** @mm: Process MM grabbed at init time. */
+ struct mm_struct *mm;
+ /** @work: Work item queued when the dma-fence signals. */
+ struct work_struct work;
+ /** @cb: dma-fence callback. */
+ struct dma_fence_cb cb;
+ /** @wq: Workqueue to run @work on. */
+ struct workqueue_struct *wq;
+ /** @ops: Driver operations. */
+ const struct drm_user_fence_ops *ops;
+};
+
+void drm_user_fence_init(struct drm_user_fence *ufence,
+ struct workqueue_struct *wq,
+ const struct drm_user_fence_ops *ops);
+void drm_user_fence_get(struct drm_user_fence *ufence);
+void drm_user_fence_put(struct drm_user_fence *ufence);
+int drm_user_fence_add_callback(struct drm_user_fence *ufence,
+ struct dma_fence *fence);
+
+#endif /* __DRM_USER_FENCE_H__ */
--
2.34.1