[PATCH 11/17] KVM: arm64: Prevent host PC adjustments for protected vCPUs
From: Fuad Tabba
Date: Mon Aug 31 2026 - 14:16:57 EST
__kvm_adjust_pc() lets the host advance a vCPU's PC or inject an
exception, which for a protected vCPU would let the host redirect
guest execution. Drop the request there: the entry handlers apply the
host's PC_UPDATE_REQ on re-entry, where EL2 allows it.
For a non-protected vCPU, adjusting the hyp vCPU while
PKVM_HOST_STATE_DIRTY is set loses the update at the next flush and
the guest re-executes an emulated MMIO access, so the flag selects
which copy to adjust. Adjusting the hyp vCPU copies PC_UPDATE_REQ in
and back out again. Without the copy back, INCREMENT_PC outlives the
adjustment and the next KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS trips
WARN_ON(INCREMENT_PC) in kvm_pend_exception().
Unloaded, the host copy is host-writable, so pin it and its VM before
adjusting. Only commit_pending_events(), under KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS,
reaches EL2 with no hyp vCPU loaded. KVM_RUN's call always has one.
enter_exception64() reads the VM's MTE flag and a host copy's
vcpu->kvm is host-written, so __kvm_adjust_pc_vm() takes the VM as a
parameter: the pinned host struct kvm when unloaded, the hyp VM
otherwise.
Suggested-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <fuad.tabba@xxxxxxxxx>
---
arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_asm.h | 1 +
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/exception.c | 27 ++++++++++-------
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
3 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_asm.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_asm.h
index e5b92ac09e69e..d149afee7b4bd 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_asm.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_asm.h
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ extern int __kvm_at_s12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 op, u64 vaddr);
extern int __kvm_vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
extern void __kvm_adjust_pc(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+extern void __kvm_adjust_pc_vm(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm *kvm);
extern bool __vgic_v3_get_gic_config(void);
extern void __vgic_v3_init_lrs(void);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/exception.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/exception.c
index 754e2dc1df54a..bf9d8efce9984 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/exception.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/exception.c
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ static void __vcpu_write_spsr_und(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 val)
* Here we manipulate the fields in order of the AArch64 SPSR_ELx layout, from
* MSB to LSB.
*/
-static void enter_exception64(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long target_mode,
- enum exception_type type)
+static void enter_exception64(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm *kvm,
+ unsigned long target_mode, enum exception_type type)
{
unsigned long sctlr, vbar, old, new, mode;
u64 exc_offset;
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ static void enter_exception64(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long target_mode,
new |= (old & PSR_C_BIT);
new |= (old & PSR_V_BIT);
- if (kvm_has_mte(kern_hyp_va(vcpu->kvm)))
+ if (kvm_has_mte(kvm))
new |= PSR_TCO_BIT;
new |= (old & PSR_DIT_BIT);
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ static void enter_exception32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 mode, u32 vect_offset)
*vcpu_pc(vcpu) = vect_offset;
}
-static void kvm_inject_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+static void kvm_inject_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm *kvm)
{
if (vcpu_el1_is_32bit(vcpu)) {
switch (vcpu_get_flag(vcpu, EXCEPT_MASK)) {
@@ -314,23 +314,23 @@ static void kvm_inject_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
} else {
switch (vcpu_get_flag(vcpu, EXCEPT_MASK)) {
case unpack_vcpu_flag(EXCEPT_AA64_EL1_SYNC):
- enter_exception64(vcpu, PSR_MODE_EL1h, except_type_sync);
+ enter_exception64(vcpu, kvm, PSR_MODE_EL1h, except_type_sync);
break;
case unpack_vcpu_flag(EXCEPT_AA64_EL1_SERR):
- enter_exception64(vcpu, PSR_MODE_EL1h, except_type_serror);
+ enter_exception64(vcpu, kvm, PSR_MODE_EL1h, except_type_serror);
break;
case unpack_vcpu_flag(EXCEPT_AA64_EL2_SYNC):
- enter_exception64(vcpu, PSR_MODE_EL2h, except_type_sync);
+ enter_exception64(vcpu, kvm, PSR_MODE_EL2h, except_type_sync);
break;
case unpack_vcpu_flag(EXCEPT_AA64_EL2_IRQ):
- enter_exception64(vcpu, PSR_MODE_EL2h, except_type_irq);
+ enter_exception64(vcpu, kvm, PSR_MODE_EL2h, except_type_irq);
break;
case unpack_vcpu_flag(EXCEPT_AA64_EL2_SERR):
- enter_exception64(vcpu, PSR_MODE_EL2h, except_type_serror);
+ enter_exception64(vcpu, kvm, PSR_MODE_EL2h, except_type_serror);
break;
default:
@@ -348,10 +348,10 @@ static void kvm_inject_exception(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
* Adjust the guest PC (and potentially exception state) depending on
* flags provided by the emulation code.
*/
-void __kvm_adjust_pc(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+void __kvm_adjust_pc_vm(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm *kvm)
{
if (vcpu_get_flag(vcpu, PENDING_EXCEPTION)) {
- kvm_inject_exception(vcpu);
+ kvm_inject_exception(vcpu, kvm);
vcpu_clear_flag(vcpu, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
vcpu_clear_flag(vcpu, EXCEPT_MASK);
} else if (vcpu_get_flag(vcpu, INCREMENT_PC)) {
@@ -359,3 +359,8 @@ void __kvm_adjust_pc(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
vcpu_clear_flag(vcpu, INCREMENT_PC);
}
}
+
+void __kvm_adjust_pc(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+ __kvm_adjust_pc_vm(vcpu, kern_hyp_va(vcpu->kvm));
+}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c
index 2fdb861abb22d..5925d35abba8c 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c
@@ -741,11 +741,56 @@ static void handle___pkvm_host_mkyoung_guest(struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt)
cpu_reg(host_ctxt, 1) = ret;
}
+static void adjust_pc_loaded(struct pkvm_hyp_vcpu *hyp_vcpu,
+ struct kvm_vcpu *host_vcpu)
+{
+ /*
+ * PKVM_HOST_STATE_DIRTY names the authoritative copy: the host's
+ * when set, the hyp vCPU's otherwise. Adjust that one.
+ */
+ if (vcpu_get_flag(host_vcpu, PKVM_HOST_STATE_DIRTY)) {
+ __kvm_adjust_pc_vm(host_vcpu, hyp_vcpu->vcpu.kvm);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Reflect the consumed request back, otherwise it stays pending. */
+ vcpu_copy_flag(&hyp_vcpu->vcpu, host_vcpu, PC_UPDATE_REQ);
+ __kvm_adjust_pc(&hyp_vcpu->vcpu);
+ vcpu_copy_flag(host_vcpu, &hyp_vcpu->vcpu, PC_UPDATE_REQ);
+}
+
+static void adjust_pc_unloaded(struct kvm_vcpu *host_vcpu)
+{
+ struct kvm *host_kvm;
+
+ if (!is_protected_kvm_enabled()) {
+ __kvm_adjust_pc(host_vcpu);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* The host copy is authoritative, used only while pinned. */
+ if (hyp_pin_shared_mem(host_vcpu, host_vcpu + 1))
+ return;
+
+ host_kvm = kern_hyp_va(READ_ONCE(host_vcpu->kvm));
+ if (!hyp_pin_shared_mem(host_kvm, host_kvm + 1)) {
+ __kvm_adjust_pc_vm(host_vcpu, host_kvm);
+ hyp_unpin_shared_mem(host_kvm, host_kvm + 1);
+ }
+ hyp_unpin_shared_mem(host_vcpu, host_vcpu + 1);
+}
+
static void handle___kvm_adjust_pc(struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt)
{
DECLARE_REG(struct kvm_vcpu *, vcpu, host_ctxt, 1);
+ struct pkvm_hyp_vcpu *hyp_vcpu;
+ struct kvm_vcpu *host_vcpu;
- __kvm_adjust_pc(kern_hyp_va(vcpu));
+ host_vcpu = __get_host_hyp_vcpus(vcpu, &hyp_vcpu);
+ if (!hyp_vcpu)
+ adjust_pc_unloaded(kern_hyp_va(vcpu));
+ else if (!pkvm_hyp_vcpu_is_protected(hyp_vcpu))
+ adjust_pc_loaded(hyp_vcpu, host_vcpu);
}
static void handle___kvm_flush_vm_context(struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt)
--
2.39.5