unnecessary disk writes for named pipe inodes (2.4.21)
From: Ian Jackson
Date: Tue Sep 16 2003 - 20:50:17 EST
I'm afraid I don't have a patch or a comprehensive description of the
exact problem parameters, but I think I have fairly conclusive
evidence of a kernel infelicity.
Summary of my conclusions: the kernel will sometimes schedule an
unnecessary write of the inode of a named pipe, if the pipe is
carrying data. The written-out inode is identical to that already on
the disk. On laptops the needless disk use is particularly harmful.
Description of symptoms, investations and experiments carried out:
Originally I was running 2.4.19 and I noticed that since I had started
to run some homegrown VPN software (userv-ipif) on my laptop, it would
repeatedly spin up and spin down the hard disk in an annoying and
battery-consuming way. This behaviour would cease if I shut down the
VPN tunnel. Naturally I suspected an infelicity in my VPN application
(which is a somewhat Heath Robinson contraption of userv, cat, ssh,
slip-over-pty, udp, etc.) and spent some time stracing various
processes and looking for changing files, with no luck.
I did a small amount of research and found Jens Axboe's laptop mode
patch (http://kerneltrap.org/node/view/653/3131), which I applied to a
fresh 2.4.21 tree (minus the bdflush parameters change). Using the
block_dump sysctl I watched to see what the disk activity was. The
activity was frequent writes of two blocks. I saw:
kernel: kupdated: WRITE block 262848/8 on 03:02
kernel: kupdated: WRITE block 1835600/8 on 03:02
I had a little difficulty converting those block numbers to inode
numbers. debugfs won't do this for you if the block is in an inode
table, so you have to do it by hand using the information about block
groups it gives you. But, I managed to convert them into two inode
number ranges 18688-18719 and 114240-114271. Searching the output of
find -xdev -ls | sort enabled me to spot likely candidates, and I
found one plausible hit for each: /dev/xconsole (a named pipe) and
/var/run/userv/socket (an AF_UNIX socket).
Viewing /dev/xconsole with ls -l{,c,u} showed that its timestamps were
being changed continually at least as seen by userspace processes.
But debugfs `stat /dev/xconsole' showed old, unchanging, timestamps.
Viewing /var/run/userv/socket with both ls -l{,c,u} and debugfs showed
no ongoing changes to its timestamps, so I was suspicious about my
conclusion that it was relevant. I removed it and arranged for it to
be recreated with a significantly different inode number by creating
many inodes on the filesystem. Sure enough, one of the two written
blocks changed to include the new location, as expected. However,
userv creates a bunch of named pipes in /var/run/userv for each call,
and these later become anonymous, so it may be that it was these for
the ongoing call which were at issue, and not the socket itself.
In my final experiment/workaround, I made /var/run/userv, and
/dev/xconsole, symlinks into a ramfs filesystem. This has stopped the
spurious hard disk spinups and will do as a workaround for now.
So, I conclude that something in the kernel was deciding to write out
these two inodes to disk without good reason. I don't know what the
policy is for what the on-disk timestamps for named pipes should be,
but there is definitely no point writing out the inode with the old,
unchanging, timestamps.
Background on my system and setup:
I'm running Debian potato on a Sony Vaio PCG-Z505R. The kernel is a
nearly stock 2.4.21 compiled in the normal way (without using Debian's
kernel building scheme or any patches apart from the laptop mode
patch). I had to fix a couple of trivial rejects when applying the
patch. In case it's relevant I include a copy of the .config.
The filesystem in question is /, ext2, hda2, mounted rw,noatime.
/dev/xconsole is a named pipe which was originally created once when I
set things up and is not usually messed with. At the time of the
spurious disk spinups two processes show up in fuser as having it
open: syslogd and a copy of cat which I'm running in an xterm to print
the messages. It may be that no messages need appear for the disk to
spin up, although it's difficult to be sure of the reason for the
spinup when no messages appear as this pipe and cat was the route I
was using to get the block_dump information.
userv is GNU userv-1.0.1.1potato from Debian. /var/run/userv/socket
is an AF_UNIX socket it (unlinks and) creates when it starts up, and
on which it listens for connections from the userv client program. At
the time of the spurious disk spinups there are no new userv
invocations happening, and one ongoing userv invocation which started
a little while ago for the VPN client. The main uservd is waiting in
accept on the socket. The current userv call has a number of
processes; some of these copy data in and out via named pipes which
were deleted shortly after the call started, and these pipes _are_
active in my setup. I would not be at all surprised if the inode
numbers of these named pipes were nearby to those for
/var/run/userv/socket itself.
The VPN client is userv-ipif (from userv-utils 0.2.1). At the time of
the unwanted disk activity, all of its processes are idle except:
* the udptunnel-forwarder, a C program which occasionally (every 60s
or so) wakes up to send or receive a keepalive packet;
* several copies of cat which do data shuffling between various
named pipes originally created in /var/run/userv, unnamed pipes, and
a pty in SLIP mode.
None of this should require disk activity during normal operation, as
I can see when I use the ramdisk kludge described above and by
stracing various processes. But, note that the keepalive packets do
pass through the named pipes and through the pty.
The tunnel does report its messages to syslog, when there are any, but
during my tests there weren't except at startup.
My theory about why shutting down the VPN tunnel would make the
spurious hard disk activity go away is as follows: with the VPN
tunnel, the now-anonymous named pipes from /var/run/userv are
periodically used by the userv call, and so the kernel writes those
inodes out (unchanged, though) each time. This causes a block_dump
message, which in turn makes /dev/xconsole need updating too.
Thanks for your attention.
Ian.
#
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# Code maturity level options
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CONFIG_M686=y
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# CONFIG_MWINCHIPC6 is not set
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# CONFIG_MWINCHIP3D is not set
# CONFIG_MCYRIXIII is not set
# CONFIG_MVIAC3_2 is not set
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CONFIG_X86_INVLPG=y
CONFIG_X86_CMPXCHG=y
CONFIG_X86_XADD=y
CONFIG_X86_BSWAP=y
CONFIG_X86_POPAD_OK=y
# CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK is not set
CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM=y
CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT=5
CONFIG_X86_HAS_TSC=y
CONFIG_X86_GOOD_APIC=y
CONFIG_X86_PGE=y
CONFIG_X86_USE_PPRO_CHECKSUM=y
CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE=y
CONFIG_X86_F00F_WORKS_OK=y
CONFIG_X86_MCE=y
# CONFIG_TOSHIBA is not set
# CONFIG_I8K is not set
# CONFIG_MICROCODE is not set
# CONFIG_X86_MSR is not set
# CONFIG_X86_CPUID is not set
CONFIG_NOHIGHMEM=y
# CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G is not set
# CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G is not set
# CONFIG_HIGHMEM is not set
# CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION is not set
CONFIG_MTRR=y
# CONFIG_SMP is not set
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# CONFIG_X86_UP_IOAPIC is not set
# CONFIG_X86_TSC_DISABLE is not set
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#
# General setup
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CONFIG_NET=y
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# CONFIG_PCI_GOBIOS is not set
# CONFIG_PCI_GODIRECT is not set
CONFIG_PCI_GOANY=y
CONFIG_PCI_BIOS=y
CONFIG_PCI_DIRECT=y
CONFIG_ISA=y
CONFIG_PCI_NAMES=y
# CONFIG_EISA is not set
# CONFIG_MCA is not set
CONFIG_HOTPLUG=y
#
# PCMCIA/CardBus support
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CONFIG_PCMCIA=y
CONFIG_CARDBUS=y
# CONFIG_TCIC is not set
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CONFIG_I82365=y
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# PCI Hotplug Support
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# CONFIG_HOTPLUG_PCI_COMPAQ_NVRAM is not set
# CONFIG_HOTPLUG_PCI_IBM is not set
# CONFIG_HOTPLUG_PCI_ACPI is not set
CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y
# CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT is not set
CONFIG_SYSCTL=y
CONFIG_KCORE_ELF=y
# CONFIG_KCORE_AOUT is not set
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CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
# CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC is not set
CONFIG_PM=y
CONFIG_APM=y
# CONFIG_APM_IGNORE_USER_SUSPEND is not set
CONFIG_APM_DO_ENABLE=y
CONFIG_APM_CPU_IDLE=y
CONFIG_APM_DISPLAY_BLANK=y
CONFIG_APM_RTC_IS_GMT=y
# CONFIG_APM_ALLOW_INTS is not set
# CONFIG_APM_REAL_MODE_POWER_OFF is not set
#
# Memory Technology Devices (MTD)
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# Parallel port support
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CONFIG_PARPORT_PC_CML1=m
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# CONFIG_PARPORT_AMIGA is not set
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CONFIG_PARPORT_1284=y
#
# Plug and Play configuration
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# CONFIG_PNP is not set
# CONFIG_ISAPNP is not set
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# Block devices
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# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_FD is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_XD is not set
# CONFIG_PARIDE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_CPQ_DA is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_CPQ_CISS_DA is not set
# CONFIG_CISS_SCSI_TAPE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DAC960 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_UMEM is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP=m
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NBD=m
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=m
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE=4096
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_STATS is not set
#
# Multi-device support (RAID and LVM)
#
CONFIG_MD=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_MD=m
CONFIG_MD_LINEAR=m
CONFIG_MD_RAID0=m
CONFIG_MD_RAID1=m
CONFIG_MD_RAID5=m
# CONFIG_MD_MULTIPATH is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LVM=m
#
# Networking options
#
CONFIG_PACKET=m
# CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP is not set
# CONFIG_NETLINK_DEV is not set
CONFIG_NETFILTER=y
# CONFIG_NETFILTER_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_FILTER=y
CONFIG_UNIX=y
CONFIG_INET=y
CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST=y
# CONFIG_IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER is not set
# CONFIG_IP_PNP is not set
# CONFIG_NET_IPIP is not set
# CONFIG_NET_IPGRE is not set
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# IP: Netfilter Configuration
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# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_LENGTH is not set
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TTL is not set
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TCPMSS is not set
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CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REJECT=y
# CONFIG_IP_NF_MANGLE is not set
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# CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_ULOG is not set
# CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TCPMSS is not set
# CONFIG_IP_NF_ARPTABLES is not set
# CONFIG_VLAN_8021Q is not set
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# Appletalk devices
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# QoS and/or fair queueing
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# CONFIG_NET_SCHED is not set
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# Network testing
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# Telephony Support
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# ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support
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CONFIG_IDE=y
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# IDE, ATA and ATAPI Block devices
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CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD_IDE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDISK=y
# CONFIG_IDEDISK_MULTI_MODE is not set
# CONFIG_IDEDISK_STROKE is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECS=m
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECD is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDETAPE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEFLOPPY is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDESCSI is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_TASK_IOCTL is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CMD640=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CMD640_ENHANCED is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ISAPNP is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEPCI=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_GENERIC=y
CONFIG_IDEPCI_SHARE_IRQ=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_OFFBOARD is not set
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# CONFIG_IDEDMA_ONLYDISK is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA=y
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_PCI_WIP is not set
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CONFIG_BLK_DEV_PIIX=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NS87415 is not set
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# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_VIA82CXXX is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_CHIPSETS is not set
CONFIG_IDEDMA_AUTO=y
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_IVB is not set
# CONFIG_DMA_NONPCI is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_MODES=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ATARAID is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ATARAID_PDC is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ATARAID_HPT is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ATARAID_SII is not set
#
# SCSI support
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CONFIG_SCSI=m
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD=m
CONFIG_SD_EXTRA_DEVS=40
# CONFIG_CHR_DEV_ST is not set
# CONFIG_CHR_DEV_OSST is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR=m
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR_VENDOR is not set
CONFIG_SR_EXTRA_DEVS=2
CONFIG_CHR_DEV_SG=m
CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG_QUEUES=y
CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN=y
CONFIG_SCSI_CONSTANTS=y
CONFIG_SCSI_LOGGING=y
#
# SCSI low-level drivers
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# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_3W_XXXX_RAID is not set
# CONFIG_SCSI_7000FASST is not set
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# CONFIG_SCSI_CPQFCTS is not set
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# CONFIG_SCSI_EATA_PIO is not set
# CONFIG_SCSI_FUTURE_DOMAIN is not set
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# CONFIG_SCSI_PAS16 is not set
# CONFIG_SCSI_PCI2000 is not set
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# CONFIG_SCSI_QLOGIC_FAS is not set
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# CONFIG_SCSI_QLOGIC_1280 is not set
# CONFIG_SCSI_SEAGATE is not set
# CONFIG_SCSI_SIM710 is not set
# CONFIG_SCSI_SYM53C416 is not set
# CONFIG_SCSI_DC390T is not set
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# CONFIG_FUSION_LAN is not set
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# I2O device support
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# CONFIG_I2O is not set
# CONFIG_I2O_PCI is not set
# CONFIG_I2O_BLOCK is not set
# CONFIG_I2O_LAN is not set
# CONFIG_I2O_SCSI is not set
# CONFIG_I2O_PROC is not set
#
# Network device support
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CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y
#
# ARCnet devices
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# CONFIG_ARCNET is not set
CONFIG_DUMMY=m
# CONFIG_BONDING is not set
# CONFIG_EQUALIZER is not set
CONFIG_TUN=m
#
# Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)
#
CONFIG_NET_ETHERNET=y
# CONFIG_SUNLANCE is not set
# CONFIG_HAPPYMEAL is not set
# CONFIG_SUNBMAC is not set
# CONFIG_SUNQE is not set
# CONFIG_SUNGEM is not set
# CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_3COM is not set
# CONFIG_LANCE is not set
# CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_SMC is not set
# CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_RACAL is not set
# CONFIG_AT1700 is not set
# CONFIG_DEPCA is not set
# CONFIG_HP100 is not set
# CONFIG_NET_ISA is not set
CONFIG_NET_PCI=y
# CONFIG_PCNET32 is not set
# CONFIG_AMD8111_ETH is not set
# CONFIG_ADAPTEC_STARFIRE is not set
# CONFIG_AC3200 is not set
# CONFIG_APRICOT is not set
# CONFIG_CS89x0 is not set
# CONFIG_TULIP is not set
# CONFIG_DE4X5 is not set
# CONFIG_DGRS is not set
# CONFIG_DM9102 is not set
CONFIG_EEPRO100=y
# CONFIG_EEPRO100_PIO is not set
# CONFIG_E100 is not set
# CONFIG_LNE390 is not set
# CONFIG_FEALNX is not set
# CONFIG_NATSEMI is not set
# CONFIG_NE2K_PCI is not set
# CONFIG_NE3210 is not set
# CONFIG_ES3210 is not set
# CONFIG_8139CP is not set
CONFIG_8139TOO=y
# CONFIG_8139TOO_PIO is not set
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# CONFIG_8139TOO_8129 is not set
# CONFIG_8139_OLD_RX_RESET is not set
# CONFIG_SIS900 is not set
# CONFIG_EPIC100 is not set
# CONFIG_SUNDANCE is not set
# CONFIG_SUNDANCE_MMIO is not set
# CONFIG_TLAN is not set
# CONFIG_TC35815 is not set
# CONFIG_VIA_RHINE is not set
# CONFIG_VIA_RHINE_MMIO is not set
# CONFIG_WINBOND_840 is not set
# CONFIG_NET_POCKET is not set
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# Ethernet (1000 Mbit)
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# CONFIG_ACENIC is not set
# CONFIG_DL2K is not set
# CONFIG_E1000 is not set
# CONFIG_MYRI_SBUS is not set
# CONFIG_NS83820 is not set
# CONFIG_HAMACHI is not set
# CONFIG_YELLOWFIN is not set
# CONFIG_R8169 is not set
# CONFIG_SK98LIN is not set
# CONFIG_TIGON3 is not set
# CONFIG_FDDI is not set
# CONFIG_PLIP is not set
# CONFIG_PPP is not set
CONFIG_SLIP=m
CONFIG_SLIP_COMPRESSED=y
# CONFIG_SLIP_SMART is not set
# CONFIG_SLIP_MODE_SLIP6 is not set
#
# Wireless LAN (non-hamradio)
#
CONFIG_NET_RADIO=y
# CONFIG_STRIP is not set
# CONFIG_WAVELAN is not set
# CONFIG_ARLAN is not set
# CONFIG_AIRONET4500 is not set
# CONFIG_AIRONET4500_NONCS is not set
# CONFIG_AIRONET4500_PROC is not set
# CONFIG_AIRO is not set
CONFIG_HERMES=m
# CONFIG_PLX_HERMES is not set
# CONFIG_PCI_HERMES is not set
CONFIG_PCMCIA_HERMES=m
# CONFIG_AIRO_CS is not set
CONFIG_NET_WIRELESS=y
#
# Token Ring devices
#
# CONFIG_TR is not set
# CONFIG_NET_FC is not set
#
# Wan interfaces
#
# CONFIG_WAN is not set
#
# PCMCIA network device support
#
CONFIG_NET_PCMCIA=y
CONFIG_PCMCIA_3C589=m
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_3C574 is not set
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_FMVJ18X is not set
CONFIG_PCMCIA_PCNET=m
CONFIG_PCMCIA_AXNET=m
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_NMCLAN is not set
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_SMC91C92 is not set
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_XIRC2PS is not set
# CONFIG_ARCNET_COM20020_CS is not set
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_IBMTR is not set
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_XIRCOM is not set
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_XIRTULIP is not set
# CONFIG_NET_PCMCIA_RADIO is not set
#
# Amateur Radio support
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# CONFIG_HAMRADIO is not set
#
# IrDA (infrared) support
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# CONFIG_IRDA is not set
#
# ISDN subsystem
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# CONFIG_ISDN is not set
#
# Old CD-ROM drivers (not SCSI, not IDE)
#
# CONFIG_CD_NO_IDESCSI is not set
#
# Input core support
#
CONFIG_INPUT=m
CONFIG_INPUT_KEYBDEV=m
CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV=m
CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV_SCREEN_X=1024
CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV_SCREEN_Y=768
# CONFIG_INPUT_JOYDEV is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_EVDEV is not set
#
# Character devices
#
CONFIG_VT=y
CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE=y
CONFIG_SERIAL=m
# CONFIG_SERIAL_EXTENDED is not set
# CONFIG_SERIAL_NONSTANDARD is not set
CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS=y
CONFIG_UNIX98_PTY_COUNT=256
CONFIG_PRINTER=m
# CONFIG_LP_CONSOLE is not set
# CONFIG_PPDEV is not set
# CONFIG_TIPAR is not set
#
# I2C support
#
# CONFIG_I2C is not set
#
# Mice
#
# CONFIG_BUSMOUSE is not set
CONFIG_MOUSE=y
CONFIG_PSMOUSE=y
# CONFIG_82C710_MOUSE is not set
# CONFIG_PC110_PAD is not set
# CONFIG_MK712_MOUSE is not set
#
# Joysticks
#
# CONFIG_INPUT_GAMEPORT is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_NS558 is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_LIGHTNING is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_PCIGAME is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_CS461X is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_EMU10K1 is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_SERIO is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_SERPORT is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_ANALOG is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_A3D is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_ADI is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_COBRA is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_GF2K is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_GRIP is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_INTERACT is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_TMDC is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_SIDEWINDER is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_IFORCE_USB is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_IFORCE_232 is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_WARRIOR is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_MAGELLAN is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_SPACEORB is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_SPACEBALL is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_STINGER is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_DB9 is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_GAMECON is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_TURBOGRAFX is not set
# CONFIG_QIC02_TAPE is not set
# CONFIG_IPMI_HANDLER is not set
# CONFIG_IPMI_PANIC_EVENT is not set
# CONFIG_IPMI_DEVICE_INTERFACE is not set
# CONFIG_IPMI_KCS is not set
# CONFIG_IPMI_WATCHDOG is not set
#
# Watchdog Cards
#
# CONFIG_WATCHDOG is not set
# CONFIG_SCx200_GPIO is not set
# CONFIG_AMD_RNG is not set
# CONFIG_INTEL_RNG is not set
# CONFIG_AMD_PM768 is not set
# CONFIG_NVRAM is not set
CONFIG_RTC=y
# CONFIG_DTLK is not set
# CONFIG_R3964 is not set
# CONFIG_APPLICOM is not set
#
# Ftape, the floppy tape device driver
#
# CONFIG_FTAPE is not set
# CONFIG_AGP is not set
# CONFIG_DRM is not set
#
# PCMCIA character devices
#
# CONFIG_PCMCIA_SERIAL_CS is not set
# CONFIG_SYNCLINK_CS is not set
# CONFIG_MWAVE is not set
#
# Multimedia devices
#
# CONFIG_VIDEO_DEV is not set
#
# File systems
#
# CONFIG_QUOTA is not set
CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS=m
CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS=m
# CONFIG_REISERFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_REISERFS_CHECK is not set
# CONFIG_REISERFS_PROC_INFO is not set
# CONFIG_ADFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_ADFS_FS_RW is not set
# CONFIG_AFFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_HFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_BEFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_BEFS_DEBUG is not set
# CONFIG_BFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_EXT3_FS is not set
# CONFIG_JBD is not set
# CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_FAT_FS=m
CONFIG_MSDOS_FS=m
# CONFIG_UMSDOS_FS is not set
CONFIG_VFAT_FS=m
# CONFIG_EFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_JFFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_JFFS2_FS is not set
# CONFIG_CRAMFS is not set
CONFIG_TMPFS=y
CONFIG_RAMFS=y
CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=m
CONFIG_JOLIET=y
# CONFIG_ZISOFS is not set
# CONFIG_JFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_JFS_DEBUG is not set
# CONFIG_JFS_STATISTICS is not set
CONFIG_MINIX_FS=m
# CONFIG_VXFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_NTFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_NTFS_RW is not set
# CONFIG_HPFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
# CONFIG_DEVFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_DEVFS_MOUNT is not set
# CONFIG_DEVFS_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS=y
# CONFIG_QNX4FS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_QNX4FS_RW is not set
# CONFIG_ROMFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y
# CONFIG_SYSV_FS is not set
# CONFIG_UDF_FS is not set
# CONFIG_UDF_RW is not set
# CONFIG_UFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_UFS_FS_WRITE is not set
#
# Network File Systems
#
# CONFIG_CODA_FS is not set
# CONFIG_INTERMEZZO_FS is not set
CONFIG_NFS_FS=y
CONFIG_NFS_V3=y
# CONFIG_ROOT_NFS is not set
# CONFIG_NFSD is not set
# CONFIG_NFSD_V3 is not set
# CONFIG_NFSD_TCP is not set
CONFIG_SUNRPC=y
CONFIG_LOCKD=y
CONFIG_LOCKD_V4=y
# CONFIG_SMB_FS is not set
# CONFIG_NCP_FS is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_PACKET_SIGNING is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_IOCTL_LOCKING is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_STRONG is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_NFS_NS is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_OS2_NS is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_SMALLDOS is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_NLS is not set
# CONFIG_NCPFS_EXTRAS is not set
# CONFIG_ZISOFS_FS is not set
#
# Partition Types
#
# CONFIG_PARTITION_ADVANCED is not set
CONFIG_MSDOS_PARTITION=y
# CONFIG_SMB_NLS is not set
CONFIG_NLS=y
#
# Native Language Support
#
CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT="iso8859-1"
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_437 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_737 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_775 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_850 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_852 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_855 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_857 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_860 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_861 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_862 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_863 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_864 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_865 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_866 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_869 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_936 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_950 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_932 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_949 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_874 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_8 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_1250 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_1251 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_1 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_2 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_3 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_4 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_5 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_6 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_7 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_9 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_13 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_14 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_15 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_KOI8_R is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_KOI8_U is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_UTF8 is not set
#
# Console drivers
#
CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE=y
# CONFIG_VIDEO_SELECT is not set
#
# Sound
#
CONFIG_SOUND=y
# CONFIG_SOUND_ALI5455 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_BT878 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_CMPCI is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_EMU10K1 is not set
# CONFIG_MIDI_EMU10K1 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_FUSION is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_CS4281 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_ES1370 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_ES1371 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_ESSSOLO1 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_MAESTRO is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_MAESTRO3 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_FORTE is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_ICH is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_RME96XX is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_SONICVIBES is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_TRIDENT is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_MSNDCLAS is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_MSNDPIN is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_VIA82CXXX is not set
# CONFIG_MIDI_VIA82CXXX is not set
CONFIG_SOUND_OSS=m
# CONFIG_SOUND_TRACEINIT is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_DMAP is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_SGALAXY is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_ADLIB is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_ACI_MIXER is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_CS4232 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_SSCAPE is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_GUS is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_VMIDI is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_TRIX is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_MSS is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_MPU401 is not set
CONFIG_SOUND_NM256=m
# CONFIG_SOUND_MAD16 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_PAS is not set
# CONFIG_PAS_JOYSTICK is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_PSS is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_SB is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_AWE32_SYNTH is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_KAHLUA is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_WAVEFRONT is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_MAUI is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_YM3812 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_OPL3SA1 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_OPL3SA2 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_YMFPCI is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_YMFPCI_LEGACY is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_UART6850 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_AEDSP16 is not set
# CONFIG_SOUND_TVMIXER is not set
#
# USB support
#
CONFIG_USB=y
# CONFIG_USB_DEBUG is not set
# CONFIG_USB_DEVICEFS is not set
# CONFIG_USB_BANDWIDTH is not set
# CONFIG_USB_EHCI_HCD is not set
CONFIG_USB_UHCI_ALT=y
# CONFIG_USB_OHCI is not set
# CONFIG_USB_AUDIO is not set
# CONFIG_USB_EMI26 is not set
# CONFIG_USB_MIDI is not set
CONFIG_USB_STORAGE=m
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_DEBUG is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_DATAFAB is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_FREECOM is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_ISD200 is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_DPCM is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_HP8200e is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_SDDR09 is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_SDDR55 is not set
# CONFIG_USB_STORAGE_JUMPSHOT is not set
# CONFIG_USB_ACM is not set
# CONFIG_USB_PRINTER is not set
CONFIG_USB_HID=m
CONFIG_USB_HIDINPUT=y
# CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV is not set
# CONFIG_USB_KBD is not set
# CONFIG_USB_MOUSE is not set
# CONFIG_USB_AIPTEK is not set
# CONFIG_USB_WACOM is not set
# CONFIG_USB_KBTAB is not set
# CONFIG_USB_POWERMATE is not set
# CONFIG_USB_DC2XX is not set
# CONFIG_USB_MDC800 is not set
# CONFIG_USB_SCANNER is not set
# CONFIG_USB_MICROTEK is not set
# CONFIG_USB_HPUSBSCSI is not set
# CONFIG_USB_PEGASUS is not set
# CONFIG_USB_RTL8150 is not set
# CONFIG_USB_KAWETH is not set
# CONFIG_USB_CATC is not set
# CONFIG_USB_CDCETHER is not set
# CONFIG_USB_USBNET is not set
# CONFIG_USB_USS720 is not set
#
# USB Serial Converter support
#
# CONFIG_USB_SERIAL is not set
# CONFIG_USB_RIO500 is not set
# CONFIG_USB_AUERSWALD is not set
# CONFIG_USB_TIGL is not set
# CONFIG_USB_BRLVGER is not set
# CONFIG_USB_LCD is not set
#
# Bluetooth support
#
# CONFIG_BLUEZ is not set
#
# Kernel hacking
#
# CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL is not set
#
# Library routines
#
# CONFIG_ZLIB_INFLATE is not set
# CONFIG_ZLIB_DEFLATE is not set
--
Ian Jackson personal email: <ijackson@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
These opinions are my own. http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~ijackson/
PGP2 key 1024R/0x23f5addb, fingerprint 5906F687 BD03ACAD 0D8E602E FCF37657
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