Re: Serious performance degradation on a RAID with kernel 2.6.10-bk7and later
From: Andreas Hirstius
Date: Wed Apr 20 2005 - 13:27:00 EST
I was curious if your patch would change the write rate because I see
only ~550MB/s (continuous) which is about a factor two away from the
capabilities of the disks.
... and got this behaviour (with and without my other patch):
(with single "dd if=/dev/zero of=testxx bs=65536 count=150000 &" or
several of them in parallel on an XFS fs)
"vmstat 1" output
0 0 0 28416 37888 15778368 0 0 0 0 8485 3043 0
0 0 100
6 0 0 22144 37952 15785920 0 0 0 12356 7695 2029 0
61 0 39
7 0 0 20864 38016 15785856 0 0 324 1722240 8046 4159
0 100 0 0
7 0 0 20864 38016 15784768 0 0 0 1261440 8391 5222
0 100 0 0
7 0 0 25984 38016 15781504 0 0 0 2003456 8372 5038
0 100 0 0
0 6 0 22784 38016 15781504 0 0 0 2826624 8397 8423
0 93 7 0
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 147840 8572 12114
0 9 17 74
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 52 8586 5185 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 0 8588 5412 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 0 8580 5372 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 0 7840 5590 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 0 8587 5321 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 0 8569 5575 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 0 8550 5157 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 0 7963 5640 0
0 0 100
0 0 0 21632 38016 15783680 0 0 0 32 8583 4434 0
0 0 100
7 0 0 20800 38016 15784768 0 0 0 7424 8404 3638 0
15 0 85
8 0 0 20864 38016 15786944 0 0 0 688768 7357 3221 0
100 0 0
8 0 0 20736 28544 15794240 0 0 0 1978560 8376 4897
0 100 0 0
7 0 0 22208 20736 15798784 0 0 0 1385088 8367 4984
0 100 0 0
6 0 0 22144 6848 15812672 0 0 56 1291904 8377 4815
0 100 0 0
0 0 0 50240 6848 15809408 0 0 304 3136 8556 5088 1
26 0 74
0 0 0 50304 6848 15809408 0 0 0 0 8572 5181 0
0 0 100
The average rate here is again pretty close to 550MB/s, it just writes
the blocks in "bursts"...
Andreas
jmerkey wrote:
For 3Ware, you need to chage the queue depths, and you will see
dramatically improved performance. 3Ware can take requests
a lot faster than Linux pushes them out. Try changing this instead,
you won't be going to sleep all the time waiting on the read/write
request queues to get "unstarved".
/linux/include/linux/blkdev.h
//#define BLKDEV_MIN_RQ 4
//#define BLKDEV_MAX_RQ 128 /* Default maximum */
#define BLKDEV_MIN_RQ 4096
#define BLKDEV_MAX_RQ 8192 /* Default maximum */
Jeff
Andreas Hirstius wrote:
Hi,
We have a rx4640 with 3x 3Ware 9500 SATA controllers and 24x WD740GD
HDD in a software RAID0 configuration (using md).
With kernel 2.6.11 the read performance on the md is reduced by a
factor of 20 (!!) compared to previous kernels.
The write rate to the md doesn't change!! (it actually improves a bit).
The config for the kernels are basically identical.
Here is some vmstat output:
kernel 2.6.9: ~1GB/s read
procs memory swap io system cpu
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy wa id
1 1 0 12672 6592 15914112 0 0 1081344 56 15719 1583 0 11 14 74
1 0 0 12672 6592 15915200 0 0 1130496 0 15996 1626 0 11 14 74
0 1 0 12672 6592 15914112 0 0 1081344 0 15891 1570 0 11 14 74
0 1 0 12480 6592 15914112 0 0 1081344 0 15855 1537 0 11 14 74
1 0 0 12416 6592 15914112 0 0 1130496 0 16006 1586 0 12 14 74
kernel 2.6.11: ~55MB/s read
procs memory swap io system cpu
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy wa id
1 1 0 24448 37568 15905984 0 0 56934 0 5166 1862 0 1 24 75
0 1 0 20672 37568 15909248 0 0 57280 0 5168 1871 0 1 24 75
0 1 0 22848 37568 15907072 0 0 57306 0 5173 1874 0 1 24 75
0 1 0 25664 37568 15903808 0 0 57190 0 5171 1870 0 1 24 75
0 1 0 21952 37568 15908160 0 0 57267 0 5168 1871 0 1 24 75
Because the filesystem might have an impact on the measurement, "dd"
on /dev/md0
was used to get information about the performance. This also opens
the possibility to test with block sizes larger than the page size.
And it appears that the performance with kernel 2.6.11 is closely
related to the block size.
For example if the block size is exactly a multiple (>2) of the page
size the performance is back to ~1.1GB/s.
The general behaviour is a bit more complicated:
1. bs <= 1.5 * ps : ~27-57MB/s (differs with ps)
2. bs > 1.5 * ps && bs < 2 * ps : rate increases to max. rate
3. bs = n * ps ; (n >= 2) : ~1.1GB/s (== max. rate)
4. bs > n * ps && bs < ~(n+0.5) * ps ; (n > 2) : ~27-70MB/s (differs
with ps)
5. bs > ~(n+0.5) * ps && bs < (n+1) * ps ; (n > 2) : increasing rate
in several, more or
less, distinct steps (e.g. 1/3 of max. rate and then 2/3 of max rate
for 64k pages)
I've tested all four possible page sizes on Itanium (4k, 8k, 16k and
64k) and the pattern is always the same!!
With kernel 2.6.9 (any kernel before 2.6.10-bk6) the read rate is
always at ~1.1GB/s,
independent of the block size.
This simple patch solves the problem, but I have no idea of possible
side-effects ...
--- linux-2.6.12-rc2_orig/mm/filemap.c 2005-04-04 18:40:05.000000000
+0200
+++ linux-2.6.12-rc2/mm/filemap.c 2005-04-20 10:27:42.000000000 +0200
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@
index = *ppos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
next_index = index;
prev_index = ra.prev_page;
- last_index = (*ppos + desc->count + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE-1) >>
PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+ last_index = (*ppos + desc->count + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE) >>
PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
offset = *ppos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
isize = i_size_read(inode);
--- linux-2.6.12-rc2_orig/mm/readahead.c 2005-04-04
18:40:05.000000000 +0200
+++ linux-2.6.12-rc2/mm/readahead.c 2005-04-20 18:37:04.000000000 +0200
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
*/
static unsigned long get_init_ra_size(unsigned long size, unsigned
long max)
{
- unsigned long newsize = roundup_pow_of_two(size);
+ unsigned long newsize = size;
if (newsize <= max / 64)
newsize = newsize * newsize;
In order to keep this mail short, I've created a webpage that
contains all the detailed information and some plots:
http://www.cern.ch/openlab-debugging/raid
Regards,
Andreas Hirstius
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