Re: [PATCH 4/5] stack overflow safe kdump (2.6.15-i386) - nmi handler and trap vector replacement

[Vivek Goyal]

On Mon, Jan 16, 2006 at 10:25:04PM +0900, Fernando Luis Vazquez Cao wrote:
> In the nmi path, we have the problem that both nmi_enter and nmi_exit in
> do_nmi (see code below) make extensive use of "current" (which might be
> invalid) indirectly (specially through the kernel preemption code).
> Create a new nmi trap handler robust against stack overflows and use it
> on the crash dump path.
> 
> ---
> diff -urNp linux-2.6.15/arch/i386/kernel/crash.c
> linux-2.6.15-sov/arch/i386/kernel/crash.c
> --- linux-2.6.15/arch/i386/kernel/crash.c	2006-01-16 20:29:50.000000000
> +0900
> +++ linux-2.6.15-sov/arch/i386/kernel/crash.c	2006-01-16
> 20:33:55.000000000 +0900
> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
>  #include <asm/nmi.h>
>  #include <asm/hw_irq.h>
>  #include <asm/apic.h>
> +#include <mach_traps.h>
>  #include <mach_ipi.h>
>  
>  
> @@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ static int crash_nmi_callback(struct pt_
>  	if (cpu == crashing_cpu)
>  		return 1;
>  	local_irq_disable();
> +	disable_nmi();
>  
>  	if (!user_mode(regs)) {
>  		crash_setup_regs(&fixed_regs, regs);
> @@ -167,13 +169,18 @@ static void smp_send_nmi_allbutself(void
>  	send_IPI_allbutself(APIC_DM_NMI);
>  }
>  
> +static void set_crash_nmi(void)
> +{
> +	set_crash_nmi_callback(crash_nmi_callback);
> +}
> +

Is it required to be a separate function? Probably can call
set_crash_nmi_callback() directly.

>  static void nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
>  {
>  	unsigned long msecs;
>  
>  	atomic_set(&waiting_for_crash_ipi, num_online_cpus() - 1);
> -	/* Would it be better to replace the trap vector here? */
> -	set_nmi_callback(crash_nmi_callback);
> +	/* Set the nmi handler appropriately for the crash case */
> +	set_crash_nmi();
>  	/* Ensure the new callback function is set before sending
>  	 * out the NMI
>  	 */
> diff -urNp linux-2.6.15/arch/i386/kernel/entry.S
> linux-2.6.15-sov/arch/i386/kernel/entry.S
> --- linux-2.6.15/arch/i386/kernel/entry.S	2006-01-03 12:21:10.000000000
> +0900
> +++ linux-2.6.15-sov/arch/i386/kernel/entry.S	2006-01-16
> 21:52:24.000000000 +0900
> @@ -590,6 +590,41 @@ nmi_16bit_stack:
>  	.long 1b,iret_exc
>  .previous
>  
> +ENTRY(crash_nmi)
> +	pushl %eax
> +	movl %ss, %eax
> +	cmpw $__ESPFIX_SS, %ax
> +	popl %eax
> +	je crash_nmi_16bit_stack
> +	pushl %eax
> +	SAVE_ALL
> +	xorl %edx,%edx		# zero error code
> +	movl %esp,%eax		# pt_regs pointer
> +	call do_crash_nmi
> +	jmp restore_all
> +crash_nmi_16bit_stack:
> +	/* create the pointer to lss back */
> +	pushl %ss
> +	pushl %esp
> +	movzwl %sp, %esp
> +	addw $4, (%esp)
> +	/* copy the iret frame of 12 bytes */
> +        .rept 3
> +	pushl 16(%esp)
> +	.endr
> +	pushl %eax
> +	SAVE_ALL
> +	FIXUP_ESPFIX_STACK              # %eax == %esp
> +	xorl %edx,%edx                  # zero error code
> +	call do_crash_nmi
> +	RESTORE_REGS
> +	lss 12+4(%esp), %esp            # back to 16bit stack
> +1:      iret
> +.section __ex_table,"a"
> +	.align 4
> +	.long 1b,iret_exc
> +.previous
> +
>  KPROBE_ENTRY(int3)
>  	pushl $-1			# mark this as an int
>  	SAVE_ALL
> diff -urNp linux-2.6.15/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c
> linux-2.6.15-sov/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c
> --- linux-2.6.15/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c	2006-01-03 12:21:10.000000000
> +0900
> +++ linux-2.6.15-sov/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c	2006-01-16
> 20:51:31.000000000 +0900
> @@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ struct desc_struct idt_table[256] __attr
>  asmlinkage void divide_error(void);
>  asmlinkage void debug(void);
>  asmlinkage void nmi(void);
> +asmlinkage void crash_nmi(void);
>  asmlinkage void int3(void);
>  asmlinkage void overflow(void);
>  asmlinkage void bounds(void);
> @@ -641,23 +642,37 @@ static int dummy_nmi_callback(struct pt_
>  }
>   
>  static nmi_callback_t nmi_callback = dummy_nmi_callback;
> - 
> -fastcall void do_nmi(struct pt_regs * regs, long error_code)
> +
> +static fastcall unsigned int __do_nmi(struct pt_regs * regs, long
> error_code)
>  {
>  	int cpu;
>  
> -	nmi_enter();
> -
> -	cpu = smp_processor_id();
> +	cpu = safe_smp_processor_id();
>  
>  	++nmi_count(cpu);
>  
>  	if (!rcu_dereference(nmi_callback)(regs, cpu))
>  		default_do_nmi(regs);
>  
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +#define _do_nmi(regs, error_code, nmih) nmih(regs, error_code);
> +
> +fastcall void do_nmi(struct pt_regs * regs, long error_code)
> +{
> +	nmi_enter();
> +
> +	_do_nmi(regs, error_code, __do_nmi);
> +
>  	nmi_exit();
>  }
>  
> +fastcall void do_crash_nmi(struct pt_regs * regs, long error_code)
> +{
> +	_do_nmi(regs, error_code, __do_nmi);
> +}
> +
>  void set_nmi_callback(nmi_callback_t callback)
>  {
>  	rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, callback);
> @@ -670,6 +685,17 @@ void unset_nmi_callback(void)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unset_nmi_callback);
>  
> +void set_crash_nmi_callback(nmi_callback_t callback)
> +{
> +	/* XXX Do we need to do this atomically? */
> +	disable_nmi();
> +	unset_nmi_callback();
> +	/* Replace the trap vector */
> +	set_intr_gate(2,&crash_nmi);
> +	rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, callback);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_crash_nmi_callback);
> +

Why do we need to export this symbol? In fact, probably can get rid of 
set_crash_nmi_callback(). After the system crash and replacing the trap
vector, proably there is no point in keeping mutiple type of callback
things. Action is more or less decided, that is save registers and halt
upon an NMI.

>  #ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES
>  fastcall void __kprobes do_int3(struct pt_regs *regs, long error_code)
>  {
> diff -urNp linux-2.6.15/include/asm-i386/mach-default/mach_traps.h
> linux-2.6.15-sov/include/asm-i386/mach-default/mach_traps.h
> --- linux-2.6.15/include/asm-i386/mach-default/mach_traps.h	2006-01-03
> 12:21:10.000000000 +0900
> +++ linux-2.6.15-sov/include/asm-i386/mach-default/mach_traps.h
> 2006-01-16 20:33:55.000000000 +0900
> @@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ static inline unsigned char get_nmi_reas
>  	return inb(0x61);
>  }
>  
> +static inline void disable_nmi(void)
> +{
> +	outb(0x8f, 0x70);
> +}
> +

Will it disable NMIs originating from LAPIC?

>  static inline void reassert_nmi(void)
>  {
>  	int old_reg = -1;
> diff -urNp linux-2.6.15/include/asm-i386/nmi.h
> linux-2.6.15-sov/include/asm-i386/nmi.h
> --- linux-2.6.15/include/asm-i386/nmi.h	2006-01-03 12:21:10.000000000
> +0900
> +++ linux-2.6.15-sov/include/asm-i386/nmi.h	2006-01-16
> 20:33:55.000000000 +0900
> @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ typedef int (*nmi_callback_t)(struct pt_
>   * set. Return 1 if the NMI was handled.
>   */
>  void set_nmi_callback(nmi_callback_t callback);
> +void set_crash_nmi_callback(nmi_callback_t callback);
>   
>  /** 
>   * unset_nmi_callback
> 
> 
-
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