Re: [PATCH] kprobes for s390 architecture

From: Mike Grundy
Date: Sat Jul 08 2006 - 14:52:43 EST

On Fri, Jul 07, 2006 at 07:25:55PM +0200, Heiko Carstens wrote:
> How fast is this if you have to exchange several hundred instructions?
I'll have to do some timing tests to measure how much overhead it puts on the
system. It's a trade off of safety vs speed. Each increment of safety we've
put on the swap has had inherent performance penalties. The plus side is the
swaps are only done on activation and deactivation, and don't have this kind
of overhead during operations.

The latest patch is attached.

Thanks
Mike


Signed-off-by: Michael Grundy <grundym@xxxxxxxxxx>

arch/s390/Kconfig | 14
arch/s390/kernel/Makefile | 1
arch/s390/kernel/entry.S | 12
arch/s390/kernel/entry64.S | 12
arch/s390/kernel/kprobes.c | 692 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/s390/kernel/traps.c | 42 ++
arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 1
arch/s390/mm/fault.c | 40 ++
include/asm-s390/kdebug.h | 57 +++
include/asm-s390/kprobes.h | 111 ++++++
10 files changed, 976 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/Kconfig linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/Kconfig
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/Kconfig 2006-07-08 13:05:48.000000000 -0400
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/Kconfig 2006-07-08 13:06:46.000000000 -0400
@@ -490,8 +490,22 @@ source "drivers/net/Kconfig"

source "fs/Kconfig"

+menu "Instrumentation Support"
+ depends on EXPERIMENTAL
+
source "arch/s390/oprofile/Kconfig"

+config KPROBES
+ bool "Kprobes (EXPERIMENTAL)"
+ depends on EXPERIMENTAL && MODULES
+ help
+ Kprobes allows you to trap at almost any kernel address and
+ execute a callback function. register_kprobe() establishes
+ a probepoint and specifies the callback. Kprobes is useful
+ for kernel debugging, non-intrusive instrumentation and testing.
+ If in doubt, say "N".
+endmenu
+
source "arch/s390/Kconfig.debug"

source "security/Kconfig"
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/entry64.S linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/entry64.S
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/entry64.S 2006-07-08 13:05:48.000000000 -0400
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/entry64.S 2006-07-08 13:06:46.000000000 -0400
@@ -518,6 +518,8 @@ pgm_no_vtime2:
#endif
lg %r9,__LC_THREAD_INFO # load pointer to thread_info struct
lg %r1,__TI_task(%r9)
+ tm __LC_PGM_OLD_PSW+1(%r15),0x01 # kernel per event ?
+ jz kernel_per
mvc __THREAD_per+__PER_atmid(2,%r1),__LC_PER_ATMID
mvc __THREAD_per+__PER_address(8,%r1),__LC_PER_ADDRESS
mvc __THREAD_per+__PER_access_id(1,%r1),__LC_PER_ACCESS_ID
@@ -553,6 +555,16 @@ pgm_no_vtime3:
stosm __SF_EMPTY(%r15),0x03 # reenable interrupts
j sysc_do_svc

+#
+# per was called from kernel, must be kprobes
+#
+kernel_per:
+ lhi %r0,__LC_PGM_OLD_PSW
+ sth %r0,SP_TRAP(%r15) # set trap indication to pgm check
+ la %r2,SP_PTREGS(%r15) # address of register-save area
+ larl %r14,sysc_leave # load adr. of system ret, no work
+ jg do_single_step # branch to do_single_step
+
/*
* IO interrupt handler routine
*/
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S 2006-07-08 13:05:48.000000000 -0400
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S 2006-07-08 13:06:46.000000000 -0400
@@ -505,6 +505,8 @@ pgm_no_vtime2:
mvc __THREAD_per+__PER_address(4,%r1),__LC_PER_ADDRESS
mvc __THREAD_per+__PER_access_id(1,%r1),__LC_PER_ACCESS_ID
oi __TI_flags+3(%r9),_TIF_SINGLE_STEP # set TIF_SINGLE_STEP
+ tm __LC_PGM_OLD_PSW+1(%r15),0x01 # kernel per event ?
+ bz BASED(kernel_per)
l %r3,__LC_PGM_ILC # load program interruption code
la %r8,0x7f
nr %r8,%r3 # clear per-event-bit and ilc
@@ -536,6 +538,16 @@ pgm_no_vtime3:
stosm __SF_EMPTY(%r15),0x03 # reenable interrupts
b BASED(sysc_do_svc)

+#
+# per was called from kernel, must be kprobes
+#
+kernel_per:
+ mvi SP_TRAP+1(%r15),0x28 # set trap indication to pgm check
+ la %r2,SP_PTREGS(%r15) # address of register-save area
+ l %r1,BASED(.Lhandle_per) # load adr. of per handler
+ la %r14,BASED(sysc_leave) # load adr. of system return
+ br %r1 # branch to do_single_step
+
/*
* IO interrupt handler routine
*/
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/kprobes.c linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/kprobes.c
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/kprobes.c 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/kprobes.c 2006-07-08 13:06:46.000000000 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+/*
+ * Kernel Probes (KProbes)
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2006
+ *
+ * s390 port, used ppc64 as template. Mike Grundy <grundym@xxxxxxxxxx>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/config.h>
+#include <linux/kprobes.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/preempt.h>
+#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
+#include <asm/kdebug.h>
+#include <asm/sections.h>
+#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);
+
+int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
+{
+ /* Make sure the probe isn't going on a difficult instruction */
+ if (is_prohibited_opcode((kprobe_opcode_t *) p->addr))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if ((unsigned long)p->addr & 0x01) {
+ printk("Attempt to register kprobe at an unaligned address\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ /* Use the get_insn_slot() facility for correctness */
+ if (!(p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot()))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ memcpy(p->ainsn.insn, p->addr, MAX_INSN_SIZE * sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
+
+ get_instruction_type(&p->ainsn);
+ p->opcode = *p->addr;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int __kprobes is_prohibited_opcode(kprobe_opcode_t *instruction)
+{
+ switch (*(__u8 *) instruction) {
+ case 0x0c: /* bassm */
+ case 0x0b: /* bsm */
+ case 0x83: /* diag */
+ case 0x44: /* ex */
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ switch (*(__u16 *) instruction) {
+ case 0x0101: /* pr */
+ case 0xb25a: /* bsa */
+ case 0xb240: /* bakr */
+ case 0xb258: /* bsg */
+ case 0xb218: /* pc */
+ case 0xb228: /* pt */
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void __kprobes get_instruction_type(struct arch_specific_insn *ainsn)
+{
+ /* default fixup method */
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_PSW_NORMAL;
+
+ /* save r1 operand */
+ ainsn->reg = *(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 1) & 0xf0;
+
+ /* save the instruction length (pop 5-5) in bytes */
+ switch (*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn) >> 4) {
+ case 0:
+ ainsn->ilen = 2;
+ break;
+ case 1:
+ case 2:
+ ainsn->ilen = 4;
+ break;
+ case 3:
+ ainsn->ilen = 6;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ switch (*(__u8 *) ainsn->insn) {
+ case 0x05: /* balr */
+ case 0x0d: /* basr */
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER;
+ /* if r2 = 0, no branch will be taken */
+ if ((*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 1) & 0x0f) == 0)
+ ainsn->fixup |= FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN;
+ break;
+ case 0x06: /* bctr */
+ case 0x07: /* bcr */
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN;
+ break;
+ case 0x45: /* bal */
+ case 0x4d: /* bas */
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER;
+ break;
+ case 0x47: /* bc */
+ case 0x46: /* bct */
+ case 0x86: /* bxh */
+ case 0x87: /* bxle */
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN;
+ break;
+ case 0x82: /* lpsw */
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_NOT_REQUIRED;
+ break;
+ case 0xb2: /* lpswe */
+ if (*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 1) == 0xb2) {
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_NOT_REQUIRED;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 0xa7: /* bras */
+ if ((*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 1) & 0x0f) == 0x05) {
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 0xc0:
+ if ((*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 1) & 0x0f) == 0x00 || /*larl */
+ (*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 1) & 0x0f) == 0x05){ /*brasl*/
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 0xeb:
+ if (*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 5) == 0x44 || /* bxhg */
+ *(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 5) == 0x45) { /* bxleg */
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 0xe3: /* bctg */
+ if (*(__u8 *) (ainsn->insn + 5) == 0x46) {
+ ainsn->fixup = FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+}
+static int __kprobes swap_instruction(void *aref)
+{
+ unsigned long addr, prev, tmp;
+ int shift;
+ struct ins_replace_args *args = aref;
+
+ addr = (unsigned long) args->ptr;
+ shift = (2 ^ (addr & 2)) << 3;
+ addr ^= addr & 2;
+ asm volatile(
+ " l %0,0(%4)\n"
+ " nr %0,%5\n"
+ " lr %1,%0\n"
+ " or %0,%2\n"
+ " or %1,%3\n"
+ "0: cs %0,%1,0(%4)\n"
+ " jnl 1f\n"
+ " xr %1,%0\n"
+ " nr %1,%5\n"
+ " jnz 0b\n"
+ "1:"
+#ifndef __s390x__
+ ".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"
+ "2: lhi %0,%6\n"
+ " bras 1,3f\n"
+ " .long 1b\n"
+ "3: l 1,0(1)\n"
+ " br 1\n"
+ ".previous\n"
+ ".section __ex_table,\"a\"\n"
+ " .align 4\n"
+ " .long 0b,2b\n"
+ ".previous"
+#else /* __s390x__ */
+ ".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"
+ "2: lghi %0,%6\n"
+ " jg 1b\n"
+ ".previous\n"
+ ".section __ex_table,\"a\"\n"
+ " .align 8\n"
+ " .quad 0b,2b\n"
+ ".previous"
+#endif /* __s390x__ */
+ : "=&d" (prev), "=&d" (tmp)
+ : "d" (args->old << shift), "d" (args->new << shift),
+ "a" (args->ptr), "d" (~(65535 << shift)), "K" (-EFAULT)
+ : "memory", "cc" );
+ return prev >> shift;
+}
+
+void __kprobes arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
+{
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+ unsigned long status = kcb->kprobe_status;
+ struct ins_replace_args args;
+
+ args.ptr = p->addr;
+ args.old = p->opcode;
+ args.new = BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION;
+
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_SWAP_INST;
+ stop_machine_run(swap_instruction, &args, NR_CPUS);
+ kcb->kprobe_status = status;
+}
+
+void __kprobes arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
+{
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+ unsigned long status = kcb->kprobe_status;
+ struct ins_replace_args args;
+
+ args.ptr = p->addr;
+ args.old = BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION;
+ args.new = p->opcode;
+
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_SWAP_INST;
+ stop_machine_run(swap_instruction, &args, NR_CPUS);
+ kcb->kprobe_status = status;
+}
+
+void __kprobes arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
+{
+ mutex_lock(&kprobe_mutex);
+ free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn);
+ mutex_unlock(&kprobe_mutex);
+}
+
+static void __kprobes prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ per_cr_bits kprobe_per_regs[1];
+
+ memset(kprobe_per_regs, 0, sizeof(per_cr_bits));
+ regs->psw.addr = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
+
+ /* Set up the per control reg info, will pass to lctl */
+ kprobe_per_regs[0].em_instruction_fetch = 1;
+ kprobe_per_regs[0].starting_addr = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn;
+ kprobe_per_regs[0].ending_addr = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn + 1;
+
+ /* Set the PER control regs, turns on single step for this address */
+ __ctl_load(kprobe_per_regs, 9, 11);
+ regs->psw.mask |= PSW_MASK_PER;
+ regs->psw.mask &= ~(PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK);
+}
+
+static void __kprobes save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
+{
+ kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
+ kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
+ kcb->prev_kprobe.kprobe_saved_imask = kcb->kprobe_saved_imask;
+ memcpy(kcb->prev_kprobe.kprobe_saved_ctl, kcb->kprobe_saved_ctl,
+ sizeof(kcb->kprobe_saved_ctl));
+}
+
+static void __kprobes restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
+{
+ __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = kcb->prev_kprobe.kp;
+ kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
+ kcb->kprobe_saved_imask = kcb->prev_kprobe.kprobe_saved_imask;
+ memcpy(kcb->kprobe_saved_ctl, kcb->prev_kprobe.kprobe_saved_ctl,
+ sizeof(kcb->kprobe_saved_ctl));
+}
+
+static void __kprobes set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
+{
+ __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = p;
+ /* Save the interrupt and per flags */
+ kcb->kprobe_saved_imask = regs->psw.mask &
+ (PSW_MASK_PER | PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK);
+ /* Save the control regs that govern PER */
+ __ctl_store(kcb->kprobe_saved_ctl, 9, 11);
+}
+
+/* Called with kretprobe_lock held */
+void __kprobes arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe *rp,
+ struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct kretprobe_instance *ri;
+
+ if ((ri = get_free_rp_inst(rp)) != NULL) {
+ ri->rp = rp;
+ ri->task = current;
+ ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) regs->gprs[14];
+
+ /* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
+ regs->gprs[14] = (unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline;
+
+ add_rp_inst(ri);
+ } else {
+ rp->nmissed++;
+ }
+}
+
+static int __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct kprobe *p;
+ int ret = 0;
+ unsigned long *addr = (unsigned long *)
+ ((regs->psw.addr & PSW_ADDR_INSN) - 2);
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
+
+ /*
+ * We don't want to be preempted for the entire
+ * duration of kprobe processing
+ */
+ preempt_disable();
+ kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+
+ /* Check we're not actually recursing */
+ if (kprobe_running()) {
+ p = get_kprobe(addr);
+ if (p) {
+ if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS &&
+ *p->ainsn.insn == BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) {
+ regs->psw.mask &= ~PSW_MASK_PER;
+ regs->psw.mask |= kcb->kprobe_saved_imask;
+ goto no_kprobe;
+ }
+ /* We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since
+ * another probe was hit while within the handler.
+ * We here save the original kprobes variables and
+ * just single step on the instruction of the new probe
+ * without calling any user handlers.
+ */
+ save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
+ set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
+ kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
+ prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
+ return 1;
+ } else {
+ p = __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe);
+ if (p->break_handler && p->break_handler(p, regs)) {
+ goto ss_probe;
+ }
+ }
+ goto no_kprobe;
+ }
+
+ p = get_kprobe(addr);
+ if (!p) {
+ if (*addr != BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) {
+ /*
+ * The breakpoint instruction was removed right
+ * after we hit it. Another cpu has removed
+ * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint
+ * at this address. In either case, no further
+ * handling of this interrupt is appropriate.
+ *
+ */
+ ret = 1;
+ }
+ /* Not one of ours: let kernel handle it */
+ goto no_kprobe;
+ }
+
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
+ set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
+ if (p->pre_handler && p->pre_handler(p, regs))
+ /* handler has already set things up, so skip ss setup */
+ return 1;
+
+ss_probe:
+ prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
+ return 1;
+
+no_kprobe:
+ preempt_enable_no_resched();
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function return probe trampoline:
+ * - init_kprobes() establishes a probepoint here
+ * - When the probed function returns, this probe
+ * causes the handlers to fire
+ */
+void kretprobe_trampoline_holder(void)
+{
+ asm volatile (".global kretprobe_trampoline\n"
+ "kretprobe_trampoline:\n" "bcr 0,0\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called when the probe at kretprobe trampoline is hit
+ */
+int __kprobes trampoline_probe_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct kretprobe_instance *ri = NULL;
+ struct hlist_head *head;
+ struct hlist_node *node, *tmp;
+ unsigned long flags, orig_ret_address = 0;
+ unsigned long trampoline_address = (unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&kretprobe_lock, flags);
+ head = kretprobe_inst_table_head(current);
+
+ /*
+ * It is possible to have multiple instances associated with a given
+ * task either because an multiple functions in the call path
+ * have a return probe installed on them, and/or more then one return
+ * return probe was registered for a target function.
+ *
+ * We can handle this because:
+ * - instances are always inserted at the head of the list
+ * - when multiple return probes are registered for the same
+ * function, the first instance's ret_addr will point to the
+ * real return address, and all the rest will point to
+ * kretprobe_trampoline
+ */
+ hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri, node, tmp, head, hlist) {
+ if (ri->task != current)
+ /* another task is sharing our hash bucket */
+ continue;
+
+ if (ri->rp && ri->rp->handler)
+ ri->rp->handler(ri, regs);
+
+ orig_ret_address = (unsigned long)ri->ret_addr;
+ recycle_rp_inst(ri);
+
+ if (orig_ret_address != trampoline_address) {
+ /*
+ * This is the real return address. Any other
+ * instances associated with this task are for
+ * other calls deeper on the call stack
+ */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ BUG_ON(!orig_ret_address || (orig_ret_address == trampoline_address));
+ regs->psw.addr = orig_ret_address | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
+
+ reset_current_kprobe();
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kretprobe_lock, flags);
+ preempt_enable_no_resched();
+
+ /*
+ * By returning a non-zero value, we are telling
+ * kprobe_handler() that we don't want the post_handler
+ * to run (and have re-enabled preemption)
+ */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called after single-stepping. p->addr is the address of the
+ * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "breakpoint"
+ * instruction. To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
+ * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
+ * single-stepped a copy of the instruction. The address of this
+ * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
+ */
+static void __kprobes resume_execution(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+
+ regs->psw.addr &= PSW_ADDR_INSN;
+
+ if (p->ainsn.fixup & FIXUP_PSW_NORMAL)
+ regs->psw.addr = (unsigned long)p->addr +
+ ((unsigned long)regs->psw.addr -
+ (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn);
+
+ if (p->ainsn.fixup & FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN)
+ if ((unsigned long)regs->psw.addr -
+ (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn == p->ainsn.ilen)
+ regs->psw.addr = (unsigned long)p->addr + p->ainsn.ilen;
+
+ if (p->ainsn.fixup & FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER)
+ regs->gprs[p->ainsn.reg] = ((unsigned long)p->addr +
+ (regs->gprs[p->ainsn.reg] -
+ (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn))
+ | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
+
+ regs->psw.addr |= PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
+ /* turn off PER mode */
+ regs->psw.mask &= ~PSW_MASK_PER;
+ /* Restore the original per control regs */
+ __ctl_load(kcb->kprobe_saved_ctl, 9, 11);
+ regs->psw.mask |= kcb->kprobe_saved_imask;
+}
+
+static int __kprobes post_kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+
+ if (!cur)
+ return 0;
+
+ if ((kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER) && cur->post_handler) {
+ kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
+ cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0);
+ }
+
+ resume_execution(cur, regs);
+
+ /*Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */
+ if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
+ restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
+ goto out;
+ }
+ reset_current_kprobe();
+out:
+ preempt_enable_no_resched();
+
+ /*
+ * if somebody else is singlestepping across a probe point, psw mask
+ * will have PER set, in which case, continue the remaining processing
+ * of do_single_step, as if this is not a probe hit.
+ */
+ if (regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_PER) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int __kprobes kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr)
+{
+ struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+ const struct exception_table_entry *entry;
+
+ switch(kcb->kprobe_status) {
+ case KPROBE_SWAP_INST:
+ /* We are here because the instruction replacement failed */
+ return 0;
+ case KPROBE_HIT_SS:
+ case KPROBE_REENTER:
+ /*
+ * We are here because the instruction being single
+ * stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current
+ * kprobe and the nip points back to the probe address
+ * and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
+ * normal page fault.
+ */
+ regs->psw.addr = (unsigned long)cur->addr | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
+ regs->psw.mask &= ~PSW_MASK_PER;
+ regs->psw.mask |= kcb->kprobe_saved_imask;
+ if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER)
+ restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
+ else
+ reset_current_kprobe();
+ preempt_enable_no_resched();
+ break;
+ case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
+ case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
+ /*
+ * We increment the nmissed count for accounting,
+ * we can also use npre/npostfault count for accouting
+ * these specific fault cases.
+ */
+ kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(cur);
+
+ /*
+ * We come here because instructions in the pre/post
+ * handler caused the page_fault, this could happen
+ * if handler tries to access user space by
+ * copy_from_user(), get_user() etc. Let the
+ * user-specified handler try to fix it first.
+ */
+ if (cur->fault_handler && cur->fault_handler(cur, regs, trapnr))
+ return 1;
+
+ /*
+ * In case the user-specified fault handler returned
+ * zero, try to fix up.
+ */
+ entry = search_exception_tables(regs->psw.addr & PSW_ADDR_INSN);
+ if (entry) {
+ regs->psw.addr = entry->fixup | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * fixup_exception() could not handle it,
+ * Let do_page_fault() fix it.
+ */
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper routine to for handling exceptions.
+ */
+int __kprobes kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
+ unsigned long val, void *data)
+{
+ struct die_args *args = (struct die_args *)data;
+ int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;
+
+ switch (val) {
+ case DIE_BPT:
+ if (kprobe_handler(args->regs))
+ ret = NOTIFY_STOP;
+ break;
+ case DIE_SSTEP:
+ if (post_kprobe_handler(args->regs))
+ ret = NOTIFY_STOP;
+ break;
+ case DIE_TRAP:
+ case DIE_PAGE_FAULT:
+ /* kprobe_running() needs smp_processor_id() */
+ preempt_disable();
+ if (kprobe_running() &&
+ kprobe_fault_handler(args->regs, args->trapnr))
+ ret = NOTIFY_STOP;
+ preempt_enable();
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+int __kprobes setjmp_pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct jprobe *jp = container_of(p, struct jprobe, kp);
+ unsigned long addr;
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+
+ memcpy(&kcb->jprobe_saved_regs, regs, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
+
+ /* setup return addr to the jprobe handler routine */
+ regs->psw.addr = (unsigned long)(jp->entry) | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
+
+ /* r14 is the function return address */
+ kcb->jprobe_saved_r14 = (unsigned long)regs->gprs[14];
+ /* r15 is the stack pointer */
+ kcb->jprobe_saved_r15 = (unsigned long)regs->gprs[15];
+ addr = (unsigned long)kcb->jprobe_saved_r15;
+
+ memcpy(kcb->jprobes_stack, (kprobe_opcode_t *) addr,
+ MIN_STACK_SIZE(addr));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+void __kprobes jprobe_return(void)
+{
+ asm volatile (".word 0x0002");
+}
+
+void __kprobes jprobe_return_end(void)
+{
+ asm volatile ("bcr 0,0");
+}
+
+int __kprobes longjmp_break_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
+ unsigned long stack_addr = (unsigned long)(kcb->jprobe_saved_r15);
+
+ /* Put the regs back */
+ memcpy(regs, &kcb->jprobe_saved_regs, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
+ /* put the stack back */
+ memcpy((kprobe_opcode_t *) stack_addr, kcb->jprobes_stack,
+ MIN_STACK_SIZE(stack_addr));
+ preempt_enable_no_resched();
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static struct kprobe trampoline_p = {
+ .addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) & kretprobe_trampoline,
+ .pre_handler = trampoline_probe_handler
+};
+
+int __init arch_init_kprobes(void)
+{
+ return register_kprobe(&trampoline_p);
+}
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile 2006-07-08 13:05:48.000000000 -0400
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile 2006-07-08 13:08:41.000000000 -0400
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF32) += binfmt_elf

obj-$(CONFIG_VIRT_TIMER) += vtime.o
obj-$(CONFIG_STACKTRACE) += stacktrace.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES) += kprobes.o

# Kexec part
S390_KEXEC_OBJS := machine_kexec.o crash.o
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c 2006-07-08 13:05:48.000000000 -0400
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c 2006-07-08 13:06:47.000000000 -0400
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
+#include <linux/kprobes.h>

#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
#include <asm/s390_ext.h>
#include <asm/lowcore.h>
#include <asm/debug.h>
+#include <asm/kdebug.h>

/* Called from entry.S only */
extern void handle_per_exception(struct pt_regs *regs);
@@ -74,6 +76,20 @@ static int kstack_depth_to_print = 12;
static int kstack_depth_to_print = 20;
#endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */

+ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(s390die_chain);
+
+int register_die_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
+{
+ return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&s390die_chain, nb);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_die_notifier);
+
+int unregister_die_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
+{
+ return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&s390die_chain, nb);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_die_notifier);
+
/*
* For show_trace we have tree different stack to consider:
* - the panic stack which is used if the kernel stack has overflown
@@ -305,8 +321,9 @@ report_user_fault(long interruption_code
#endif
}

-static void inline do_trap(long interruption_code, int signr, char *str,
- struct pt_regs *regs, siginfo_t *info)
+static void __kprobes inline do_trap(long interruption_code, int signr,
+ char *str, struct pt_regs *regs,
+ siginfo_t *info)
{
/*
* We got all needed information from the lowcore and can
@@ -315,6 +332,10 @@ static void inline do_trap(long interrup
if (regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_PSTATE)
local_irq_enable();

+ if (notify_die(DIE_TRAP, str, regs, interruption_code,
+ interruption_code, signr) == NOTIFY_STOP)
+ return;
+
if (regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_PSTATE) {
struct task_struct *tsk = current;

@@ -336,8 +357,12 @@ static inline void *get_check_address(st
return (void *)((regs->psw.addr-S390_lowcore.pgm_ilc) & PSW_ADDR_INSN);
}

-void do_single_step(struct pt_regs *regs)
+void __kprobes do_single_step(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
+ if (notify_die(DIE_SSTEP, "sstep", regs, 0, 0,
+ SIGTRAP) == NOTIFY_STOP){
+ return;
+ }
if ((current->ptrace & PT_PTRACED) != 0)
force_sig(SIGTRAP, current);
}
@@ -463,8 +488,15 @@ asmlinkage void illegal_op(struct pt_reg
#endif
} else
signal = SIGILL;
- } else
- signal = SIGILL;
+ } else {
+ /*
+ * If we get an illegal op in kernel mode, send it through the
+ * kprobes notifier. If kprobes doesn't pick it up, SIGILL
+ */
+ if (notify_die(DIE_BPT, "bpt", regs, interruption_code,
+ 3, SIGTRAP) != NOTIFY_STOP)
+ signal = SIGILL;
+ }

#ifdef CONFIG_MATHEMU
if (signal == SIGFPE)
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S 2006-07-08 13:05:48.000000000 -0400
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S 2006-07-08 13:06:47.000000000 -0400
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ SECTIONS
*(.text)
SCHED_TEXT
LOCK_TEXT
+ KPROBES_TEXT
*(.fixup)
*(.gnu.warning)
} = 0x0700
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/mm/fault.c linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/mm/fault.c
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/arch/s390/mm/fault.c 2006-07-08 13:05:48.000000000 -0400
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/arch/s390/mm/fault.c 2006-07-08 14:25:56.000000000 -0400
@@ -25,10 +25,12 @@
#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
+#include <linux/kprobes.h>

#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
+#include <asm/kdebug.h>

#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
#define __FAIL_ADDR_MASK 0x7ffff000
@@ -48,6 +50,38 @@ extern int sysctl_userprocess_debug;

extern void die(const char *,struct pt_regs *,long);

+#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES
+ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(notify_page_fault_chain);
+int register_page_fault_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
+{
+ return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&notify_page_fault_chain, nb);
+}
+
+int unregister_page_fault_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
+{
+ return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&notify_page_fault_chain, nb);
+}
+
+static inline int notify_page_fault(enum die_val val, const char *str,
+ struct pt_regs *regs, long err, int trap, int sig)
+{
+ struct die_args args = {
+ .regs = regs,
+ .str = str,
+ .err = err,
+ .trapnr = trap,
+ .signr = sig
+ };
+ return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&notify_page_fault_chain, val, &args);
+}
+#else
+static inline int notify_page_fault(enum die_val val, const char *str,
+ struct pt_regs *regs, long err, int trap, int sig)
+{
+ return NOTIFY_DONE;
+}
+#endif
+
extern spinlock_t timerlist_lock;

/*
@@ -159,7 +193,7 @@ static void do_sigsegv(struct pt_regs *r
* 11 Page translation -> Not present (nullification)
* 3b Region third trans. -> Not present (nullification)
*/
-static inline void
+static inline void __kprobes
do_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, int is_protection)
{
struct task_struct *tsk;
@@ -173,6 +207,10 @@ do_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, unsig
tsk = current;
mm = tsk->mm;

+ if (notify_page_fault(DIE_PAGE_FAULT, "page fault", regs, error_code, 14,
+ SIGSEGV) == NOTIFY_STOP)
+ return;
+
/*
* Check for low-address protection. This needs to be treated
* as a special case because the translation exception code
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/include/asm-s390/kdebug.h linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/include/asm-s390/kdebug.h
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/include/asm-s390/kdebug.h 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/include/asm-s390/kdebug.h 2006-07-08 13:06:47.000000000 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#ifndef _S390_KDEBUG_H
+#define _S390_KDEBUG_H
+
+/*
+ * Feb 2006 Ported to s390 <grundym@xxxxxxxxxx>
+ */
+#include <linux/notifier.h>
+
+struct pt_regs;
+
+struct die_args {
+ struct pt_regs *regs;
+ const char *str;
+ long err;
+ int trapnr;
+ int signr;
+};
+
+/* Note - you should never unregister because that can race with NMIs.
+ * If you really want to do it first unregister - then synchronize_sched
+ * - then free.
+ */
+extern int register_die_notifier(struct notifier_block *);
+extern int unregister_die_notifier(struct notifier_block *);
+extern struct atomic_notifier_head s390die_chain;
+
+
+enum die_val {
+ DIE_OOPS = 1,
+ DIE_BPT,
+ DIE_SSTEP,
+ DIE_PANIC,
+ DIE_NMI,
+ DIE_DIE,
+ DIE_NMIWATCHDOG,
+ DIE_KERNELDEBUG,
+ DIE_TRAP,
+ DIE_GPF,
+ DIE_CALL,
+ DIE_NMI_IPI,
+ DIE_PAGE_FAULT,
+};
+
+static inline int notify_die(enum die_val val, const char *str,
+ struct pt_regs *regs, long err, int trap, int sig)
+{
+ struct die_args args = {
+ .regs = regs,
+ .str = str,
+ .err = err,
+ .trapnr = trap,
+ .signr = sig
+ };
+ return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&s390die_chain, val, &args);
+}
+
+#endif
diff -Nurp linux-2.6.17-git25/include/asm-s390/kprobes.h linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/include/asm-s390/kprobes.h
--- linux-2.6.17-git25/include/asm-s390/kprobes.h 1969-12-31 19:00:00.000000000 -0500
+++ linux-2.6.17-git25-kp390/include/asm-s390/kprobes.h 2006-07-08 13:39:00.000000000 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#ifndef _ASM_S390_KPROBES_H
+#define _ASM_S390_KPROBES_H
+/*
+ * Kernel Probes (KProbes)
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2006
+ *
+ * 2002-Oct Created by Vamsi Krishna S <vamsi_krishna@xxxxxxxxxx> Kernel
+ * Probes initial implementation ( includes suggestions from
+ * Rusty Russell).
+ * 2004-Nov Modified for PPC64 by Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli
+ * <ananth@xxxxxxxxxx>
+ * 2005-Dec Used as a template for s390 by Mike Grundy
+ * <grundym@xxxxxxxxxx>
+ */
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+
+#define __ARCH_WANT_KPROBES_INSN_SLOT
+struct pt_regs;
+struct kprobe;
+
+typedef u16 kprobe_opcode_t;
+#define BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION 0x0002
+
+/* Maximum instruction size is 3 (16bit) halfwords: */
+#define MAX_INSN_SIZE 0x0003
+#define MAX_STACK_SIZE 64
+#define MIN_STACK_SIZE(ADDR) (((MAX_STACK_SIZE) < \
+ (((unsigned long)current_thread_info()) + THREAD_SIZE - (ADDR))) \
+ ? (MAX_STACK_SIZE) \
+ : (((unsigned long)current_thread_info()) + THREAD_SIZE - (ADDR)))
+
+#define JPROBE_ENTRY(pentry) (kprobe_opcode_t *)((func_descr_t *)pentry)
+
+#define ARCH_SUPPORTS_KRETPROBES
+#define ARCH_INACTIVE_KPROBE_COUNT 0
+
+#define KPROBE_SWAP_INST 0x10
+
+#define FIXUP_PSW_NORMAL 0x08
+#define FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN 0x04
+#define FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER 0x02
+#define FIXUP_NOT_REQUIRED 0x01
+
+/* Architecture specific copy of original instruction */
+struct arch_specific_insn {
+ /* copy of original instruction */
+ kprobe_opcode_t *insn;
+ int fixup;
+ int ilen;
+ int reg;
+};
+
+struct ins_replace_args {
+ kprobe_opcode_t *ptr;
+ kprobe_opcode_t old;
+ kprobe_opcode_t new;
+};
+struct prev_kprobe {
+ struct kprobe *kp;
+ unsigned long status;
+ unsigned long saved_psw;
+ unsigned long kprobe_saved_imask;
+ unsigned long kprobe_saved_ctl[3];
+};
+
+/* per-cpu kprobe control block */
+struct kprobe_ctlblk {
+ unsigned long kprobe_status;
+ unsigned long kprobe_saved_imask;
+ unsigned long kprobe_saved_ctl[3];
+ struct pt_regs jprobe_saved_regs;
+ unsigned long jprobe_saved_r14;
+ unsigned long jprobe_saved_r15;
+ struct prev_kprobe prev_kprobe;
+ kprobe_opcode_t jprobes_stack[MAX_STACK_SIZE];
+};
+
+void arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p);
+void kretprobe_trampoline(void);
+int is_prohibited_opcode(kprobe_opcode_t *instruction);
+void get_instruction_type(struct arch_specific_insn *ainsn);
+#endif /* _ASM_S390_KPROBES_H */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES
+
+extern int kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
+ unsigned long val, void *data);
+#else /* !CONFIG_KPROBES */
+static inline int kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
+ unsigned long val, void *data)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+#endif
-
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