Re: [PATCH 2.6.18-rc4 00/10] Kernel memory leak detector 0.9

[Catalin Marinas]

On 18/08/06, Michal Piotrowski <michal.k.k.piotrowski@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> cat /sys/kernel/debug/memleak + LTP + patching repo = oops?
>
> BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 6b6b6b6b

I got this as well today on an 4-CPU ARM platform. I changed some list
traversal to the RCU variants but forgot to change the list_del/add. I
attach another patch which fixes this (haven't tested it extensively
yet).

Thanks.

--
Catalin
diff --git a/mm/memleak.c b/mm/memleak.c
index 514280f..7d6c1f3 100644
--- a/mm/memleak.c
+++ b/mm/memleak.c
@@ -16,6 +16,18 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ *
+ * Notes on locking: kmemleak needs to allocate/free memory for its
+ * own data structures - the memleak_pointer and the pointer and
+ * aliases radix trees. The memleak_free hook can be called from
+ * mm/slab.c with the list_lock held (i.e. when releasing of off-slab
+ * management structures) and it will ackquire the memleak_lock. To
+ * avoid deadlocks caused by locking dependency, the list_lock must
+ * not be acquired while memleak_lock is held. This is ensured by not
+ * allocating any memory while memleak_lock is held. The radix trees
+ * have to be preloaded before acquiring the lock so that the
+ * insertion won't allocate memory.
  */
 
 /* #define DEBUG */
@@ -37,6 +49,8 @@ #include <linux/seq_file.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 
 #include <asm/bitops.h>
 #include <asm/sections.h>
@@ -75,6 +89,7 @@ struct memleak_pointer {
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct list_head pointer_list;
 	struct list_head gray_list;
+	struct rcu_head rcu;
 	int use_count;
 	unsigned long pointer;
 	unsigned long offset;		/* padding */
@@ -128,6 +143,7 @@ static inline int color_black(const stru
 
 /* Tree storing the pointer aliases indexed by size */
 static RADIX_TREE(alias_tree, GFP_ATOMIC);
+static DEFINE_RWLOCK(alias_tree_lock);
 /* Tree storing all the possible pointers, indexed by the pointer value */
 static RADIX_TREE(pointer_tree, GFP_ATOMIC);
 /* The list of all allocated pointers */
@@ -136,8 +152,8 @@ static LIST_HEAD(pointer_list);
 static LIST_HEAD(gray_list);
 
 static struct kmem_cache *pointer_cache;
-/* Used to avoid recursive call via the kmalloc/kfree functions */
-static spinlock_t memleak_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
+/* The main lock for protecting the pointer lists and radix trees */
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(memleak_lock);
 static cpumask_t memleak_cpu_mask = CPU_MASK_NONE;
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(memleak_mutex);
 static atomic_t memleak_initialized = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
@@ -181,9 +197,12 @@ static inline void dump_pointer_internal
 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "  ref_count = %d\n", pointer->ref_count);
 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "  count = %d\n", pointer->count);
 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "  aliases:\n");
-	if (pointer->alias_list)
-		hlist_for_each_entry(alias, elem, pointer->alias_list, node)
+	if (pointer->alias_list) {
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(alias, elem, pointer->alias_list, node)
 			printk(KERN_NOTICE "    0x%lx\n", alias->offset);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+	}
 }
 #else
 static inline void dump_pointer_internals(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
@@ -213,45 +232,81 @@ static int insert_alias(unsigned long ty
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct hlist_head *alias_list;
+	struct hlist_node *elem;
 	struct memleak_alias *alias;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned int cpu_id;
 
-	if (type_id == 0 || offset == 0 || offset >= ml_sizeof(type_id)) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	if (type_id == 0 || offset == 0 || offset >= ml_sizeof(type_id))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* no recursive re-entrance on the same CPU. We do not track
+	 * the alias tree allocations */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	cpu_id = get_cpu();
+	if (cpu_test_and_set(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask))
+		BUG();
 
 	offset &= ~(BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);
 
+	read_lock(&alias_tree_lock);
 	alias_list = radix_tree_lookup(&alias_tree, type_id);
-	if (alias_list) {
-		struct hlist_node *elem;
+	read_unlock(&alias_tree_lock);
 
-		hlist_for_each_entry(alias, elem, alias_list, node) {
-			if (alias->offset == offset) {
-				ret = -EEXIST;
-				goto out;
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
+	if (!alias_list) {
+		/* no alias list for this type id. Allocate list_head
+		 * and preload the radix tree */
 		alias_list = kmalloc(sizeof(*alias_list), GFP_ATOMIC);
 		if (!alias_list)
-			panic("kmemleak: cannot allocate initial memory\n");
+			panic("kmemleak: cannot allocate alias_list\n");
 		INIT_HLIST_HEAD(alias_list);
 
-		ret = radix_tree_insert(&alias_tree, type_id, alias_list);
+		ret = radix_tree_preload(GFP_ATOMIC);
 		if (ret)
+			panic("kmemleak: cannot preload the aliases radix tree: %d\n", ret);
+
+		write_lock(&alias_tree_lock);
+		ret = radix_tree_insert(&alias_tree, type_id, alias_list);
+		write_unlock(&alias_tree_lock);
+
+		radix_tree_preload_end();
+
+		if (ret == -EEXIST) {
+			/* allocated in the meantime on a different CPU */
+			read_lock(&alias_tree_lock);
+			alias_list = radix_tree_lookup(&alias_tree, type_id);
+			read_unlock(&alias_tree_lock);
+		} else if (ret)
 			panic("kmemleak: cannot insert into the aliases radix tree: %d\n", ret);
 	}
 
+	BUG_ON(!alias_list);
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(alias, elem, alias_list, node) {
+		if (alias->offset == offset) {
+			rcu_read_unlock();
+			ret = -EEXIST;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
 	alias = kmalloc(sizeof(*alias), GFP_ATOMIC);
 	if (!alias)
 		panic("kmemleak: cannot allocate initial memory\n");
 	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&alias->node);
 	alias->offset = offset;
 
-	hlist_add_head(&alias->node, alias_list);
+	write_lock(&alias_tree_lock);
+	hlist_add_head_rcu(&alias->node, alias_list);
+	write_unlock(&alias_tree_lock);
 
  out:
+	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
+	put_cpu_no_resched();
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -261,18 +316,12 @@ void memleak_insert_aliases(struct memle
 {
 	struct memleak_offset *ml_off;
 	int i = 0;
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMLEAK_SECONDARY_ALIASES
 	unsigned long flags;
-	unsigned int cpu_id;
+#endif
 
 	pr_debug("%s(0x%p, 0x%p)\n", __FUNCTION__, ml_off_start, ml_off_end);
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&memleak_lock, flags);
-
-	/* do not track the kmemleak allocated pointers */
-	cpu_id = smp_processor_id();
-	if (cpu_test_and_set(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask))
-		BUG();
-
 	/* primary aliases - container_of(member) */
 	for (ml_off = ml_off_start; ml_off < ml_off_end; ml_off++)
 		if (!insert_alias(ml_off->type_id, ml_off->offset))
@@ -286,87 +335,70 @@ #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMLEAK_SECONDARY_AL
 		struct memleak_alias *alias;
 		struct hlist_node *elem;
 
+		/* with imprecise type identification, it the member
+		 * id is the same as the outer structure id, just
+		 * ignore as any potential aliases are already in the
+		 * tree */
+		if (ml_off->member_type_id == ml_off->type_id)
+			continue;
+
+		read_lock_irqsave(&alias_tree_lock, flags);
 		alias_list = radix_tree_lookup(&alias_tree, ml_off->member_type_id);
+		read_unlock_irqrestore(&alias_tree_lock, flags);
 		if (!alias_list)
 			continue;
 
-		hlist_for_each_entry(alias, elem, alias_list, node)
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(alias, elem, alias_list, node)
 			if (!insert_alias(ml_off->type_id, ml_off->offset + alias->offset))
 				i++;
+		rcu_read_unlock();
 	}
 	pr_debug("kmemleak: found %d alias(es)\n", i);
 #endif
-
-	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&memleak_lock, flags);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(memleak_insert_aliases);
 
+/* called with memleak_lock held and interrupts disabled */
 static inline struct memleak_pointer *get_cached_pointer(unsigned long ptr)
 {
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+
 	if (!last_pointer || ptr != last_pointer->pointer)
 		last_pointer = radix_tree_lookup(&pointer_tree, ptr);
 	return last_pointer;
 }
 
-static void create_pointer_aliases(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
+/* no need for atomic operations since memleak_lock is held and
+ * interrupts disabled */
+static inline void get_pointer(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
 {
-	struct memleak_alias *alias;
-	struct hlist_node *elem;
-	unsigned long ptr = pointer->pointer;
-	int err;
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
 
-	BUG_ON(pointer->flags & POINTER_ALIASES);
-
-	if (pointer->offset) {
-		err = radix_tree_insert(&pointer_tree, ptr + pointer->offset, pointer);
-		if (err) {
-			dump_stack();
-			panic("kmemleak: cannot insert offset into the pointer radix tree: %d\n", err);
-		}
-	}
-
-	pointer->alias_list = radix_tree_lookup(&alias_tree, pointer->type_id);
-	if (pointer->alias_list) {
-		hlist_for_each_entry(alias, elem, pointer->alias_list, node) {
-			err = radix_tree_insert(&pointer_tree, ptr
-						+ pointer->offset + alias->offset,
-						pointer);
-			if (err) {
-				dump_stack();
-				panic("kmemleak: cannot insert alias into the pointer radix tree: %d\n", err);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	pointer->flags |= POINTER_ALIASES;
+	pointer->use_count++;
 }
 
-static void delete_pointer_aliases(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
+static void free_pointer_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 {
-	struct memleak_alias *alias;
-	struct hlist_node *elem;
-	unsigned long ptr = pointer->pointer;
-
-	BUG_ON(!(pointer->flags & POINTER_ALIASES));
-
-	if (pointer->offset)
-		radix_tree_delete(&pointer_tree, ptr + pointer->offset);
+	struct memleak_pointer *pointer = container_of(rcu,
+						       struct memleak_pointer,
+						       rcu);
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned int cpu_id;
 
-	if (pointer->alias_list) {
-		hlist_for_each_entry(alias, elem, pointer->alias_list, node)
-			radix_tree_delete(&pointer_tree,
-					  ptr + pointer->offset + alias->offset);
-		pointer->alias_list = NULL;
-	}
+	/* no recursive re-entrance on the same CPU */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	cpu_id = get_cpu();
+	if (cpu_test_and_set(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask))
+		BUG();
 
-	pointer->flags &= ~POINTER_ALIASES;
-}
+	kmem_cache_free(pointer_cache, pointer);
 
-/* no need for atomic operations since memleak_lock is held anyway */
-static inline void get_pointer(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
-{
-	pointer->use_count++;
+	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
+	put_cpu_no_resched();
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
 }
 
 /* called with memleak_lock held for pointer_list modification and
@@ -377,6 +409,9 @@ static void __put_pointer(struct memleak
 	struct hlist_node *elem, *tmp;
 	struct memleak_scan_area *area;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+
 	if (--pointer->use_count > 0)
 		return;
 
@@ -386,8 +421,11 @@ static void __put_pointer(struct memleak
 		kfree(area);
 	}
 
-	list_del(&pointer->pointer_list);
-	kmem_cache_free(pointer_cache, pointer);
+	list_del_rcu(&pointer->pointer_list);
+	call_rcu(&pointer->rcu, free_pointer_rcu);
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
 }
 
 static void put_pointer(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
@@ -395,15 +433,136 @@ static void put_pointer(struct memleak_p
 	unsigned long flags;
 	unsigned int cpu_id;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&memleak_lock, flags);
-	cpu_id = smp_processor_id();
+	/* no recursive re-entrance on the same CPU */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	cpu_id = get_cpu();
 	if (cpu_test_and_set(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask))
 		BUG();
 
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	__put_pointer(pointer);
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&memleak_lock, flags);
+	put_cpu_no_resched();
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+}
+
+/* called with memleak_lock held and interrupts disabled */
+static void delete_pointer_aliases(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
+{
+	struct memleak_alias *alias;
+	struct hlist_node *elem;
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+
+	BUG_ON(!(pointer->flags & POINTER_ALIASES));
+
+	if (pointer->offset)
+		radix_tree_delete(&pointer_tree, pointer->pointer
+				  + pointer->offset);
+
+	if (pointer->alias_list) {
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(alias, elem, pointer->alias_list, node)
+			radix_tree_delete(&pointer_tree, pointer->pointer
+					  + pointer->offset + alias->offset);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+		pointer->alias_list = NULL;
+	}
+
+	pointer->flags &= ~POINTER_ALIASES;
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+}
+
+/* called with memleak_lock held but may be released */
+static inline int insert_pointer_alias(struct memleak_pointer *pointer,
+				       unsigned long alias)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+	ret = radix_tree_preload(GFP_ATOMIC);
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+	if (ret) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "kmemleak: cannot preload the pointer radix tree: %d\n", ret);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = radix_tree_insert(&pointer_tree, alias, pointer);
+	if (ret) {
+		dump_stack();
+		panic("kmemleak: cannot insert alias into the pointer radix tree: %d\n", ret);
+	}
+
+	radix_tree_preload_end();
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+
+ out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* called with memleak_lock held but it may be released in
+ * insert_pointer_alias(). The pointer structure is guaranteed not to
+ * be freed before this function returns (get/put_pointer)
+ */
+static inline void create_pointer_aliases(struct memleak_pointer *pointer)
+{
+	struct memleak_alias *alias;
+	struct hlist_node *elem;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+
+	BUG_ON(pointer->flags & POINTER_ALIASES);
+
+	get_pointer(pointer);
+
+	if (pointer->offset) {
+		err = insert_pointer_alias(pointer, pointer->pointer
+					   + pointer->offset);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	read_lock(&alias_tree_lock);
+	pointer->alias_list = radix_tree_lookup(&alias_tree, pointer->type_id);
+	read_unlock(&alias_tree_lock);
+
+	if (pointer->alias_list) {
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(alias, elem, pointer->alias_list, node) {
+			err = insert_pointer_alias(pointer, pointer->pointer
+						   + pointer->offset + alias->offset);
+			if (err) {
+				rcu_read_unlock();
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+	}
+
+ out:
+	pointer->flags |= POINTER_ALIASES;
+
+	/* check whether the memory block might have been freed during
+	 * the unlocked periods or an error occured */
+	if (err || !(pointer->flags & POINTER_ALLOCATED))
+		delete_pointer_aliases(pointer);
+
+	__put_pointer(pointer);
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
 }
 
 /* Insert a pointer and its aliases into the pointer radix tree */
@@ -416,15 +575,16 @@ #ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
 	void *frame;
 #endif
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
 	pointer = kmem_cache_alloc(pointer_cache, SLAB_ATOMIC);
 	if (!pointer)
 		panic("kmemleak: cannot allocate a memleak_pointer structure\n");
 
-	last_pointer = pointer;
-
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pointer->pointer_list);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pointer->gray_list);
 	INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&pointer->area_list);
+	INIT_RCU_HEAD(&pointer->rcu);
 	pointer->flags = POINTER_ALLOCATED;
 	pointer->use_count = 0;
 	pointer->pointer = ptr;
@@ -455,6 +615,16 @@ #else
 	pointer->trace[0] = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
 #endif
 
+	/* allocate here to avoid acquiring the list_lock in mm/slab.c
+	 * while memleak_lock is held */
+	err = radix_tree_preload(GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (err) {
+		dump_stack();
+		panic("kmemleak: cannot preload the pointer radix tree: %d\n", err);
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
 	err = radix_tree_insert(&pointer_tree, ptr, pointer);
 	if (err) {
 		dump_stack();
@@ -467,8 +637,14 @@ #endif
 		      ptr, err);
 	}
 
-	list_add_tail(&pointer->pointer_list, &pointer_list);
+	list_add_tail_rcu(&pointer->pointer_list, &pointer_list);
 	get_pointer(pointer);
+	last_pointer = pointer;
+
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+	radix_tree_preload_end();
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 }
 
 /* Remove a pointer and its aliases from the pointer radix tree */
@@ -476,11 +652,15 @@ static inline void delete_pointer(unsign
 {
 	struct memleak_pointer *pointer;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
 	pointer = radix_tree_delete(&pointer_tree, ptr);
 	if (!pointer) {
 		dump_stack();
 		printk(KERN_WARNING "kmemleak: freeing unknown pointer value 0x%08lx\n", ptr);
-		return;
+		goto out;
 	}
 	if (pointer->pointer != ptr) {
 		dump_stack();
@@ -490,6 +670,7 @@ static inline void delete_pointer(unsign
 
 	BUG_ON(!(pointer->flags & POINTER_ALLOCATED));
 
+	/* deleting the cached pointer */
 	if (last_pointer && ptr == last_pointer->pointer)
 		last_pointer = NULL;
 
@@ -506,6 +687,11 @@ #endif
 	pointer->flags &= ~POINTER_ALLOCATED;
 	pointer->pointer = 0;
 	__put_pointer(pointer);
+
+ out:
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 }
 
 /* Re-create the pointer aliases according to the new size/offset
@@ -515,6 +701,10 @@ static inline void unpad_pointer(unsigne
 {
 	struct memleak_pointer *pointer;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
 	pointer = get_cached_pointer(ptr);
 	if (!pointer) {
 		dump_stack();
@@ -532,13 +722,18 @@ static inline void unpad_pointer(unsigne
 	}
 
 	if (offset == pointer->offset && size == pointer->size)
-		return;
+		goto out;
 
 	if (pointer->flags & POINTER_ALIASES)
 		delete_pointer_aliases(pointer);
 
 	pointer->offset = offset;
 	pointer->size = size;
+
+ out:
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 }
 
 /* Make a pointer permanently gray (false positive) */
@@ -546,6 +741,10 @@ static inline void make_gray_pointer(uns
 {
 	struct memleak_pointer *pointer;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
 	pointer = get_cached_pointer(ptr);
 	if (!pointer) {
 		dump_stack();
@@ -558,6 +757,10 @@ static inline void make_gray_pointer(uns
 	}
 
 	pointer->ref_count = 0;
+
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 }
 
 /* Mark the pointer as black */
@@ -565,6 +768,10 @@ static inline void make_black_pointer(un
 {
 	struct memleak_pointer *pointer;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
 	pointer = get_cached_pointer(ptr);
 	if (!pointer) {
 		dump_stack();
@@ -577,6 +784,10 @@ static inline void make_black_pointer(un
 	}
 
 	pointer->ref_count = -1;
+
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 }
 
 /* Add a scanning area to the pointer */
@@ -585,6 +796,18 @@ static inline void add_scan_area(unsigne
 	struct memleak_pointer *pointer;
 	struct memleak_scan_area *area;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	area = kmalloc(sizeof(*area), GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (!area)
+		panic("kmemleak: cannot allocate a scan area\n");
+
+	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&area->node);
+	area->offset = offset;
+	area->length = length;
+
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
 	pointer = get_cached_pointer(ptr);
 	if (!pointer) {
 		dump_stack();
@@ -601,15 +824,11 @@ static inline void add_scan_area(unsigne
 		panic("kmemleak: scan area larger than block 0x%08lx\n", ptr);
 	}
 
-	area = kmalloc(sizeof(*area), GFP_ATOMIC);
-	if (!area)
-		panic("kmemleak: cannot allocate a scan area\n");
+	hlist_add_head(&area->node, &pointer->area_list);
 
-	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&area->node);
-	area->offset = offset;
-	area->length = length;
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
-	hlist_add_head(&area->node, &pointer->area_list);
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 }
 
 /* Re-create the pointer aliases according to the new type id */
@@ -617,6 +836,10 @@ static inline void change_type_id(unsign
 {
 	struct memleak_pointer *pointer;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
 	pointer = get_cached_pointer(ptr);
 	if (!pointer) {
 		dump_stack();
@@ -634,12 +857,17 @@ static inline void change_type_id(unsign
 	}
 
 	if (!type_id || type_id == pointer->type_id)
-		return;
+		goto out;
 
 	if (pointer->flags & POINTER_ALIASES)
 		delete_pointer_aliases(pointer);
 
 	pointer->type_id = type_id;
+
+ out:
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 }
 
 /* Allocation function hook */
@@ -671,21 +899,20 @@ void memleak_alloc(const void *ptr, size
 
 		BUG_ON(cpu_id != 0);
 
-		if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
-			panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow\n");
-		pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos++];
+		if (preinit_pos < PREINIT_POINTERS) {
+			pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos];
 
-		pointer->type = MEMLEAK_ALLOC;
-		pointer->pointer = ptr;
-		pointer->size = size;
-		pointer->ref_count = ref_count;
+			pointer->type = MEMLEAK_ALLOC;
+			pointer->pointer = ptr;
+			pointer->size = size;
+			pointer->ref_count = ref_count;
+		}
+		preinit_pos++;
 
 		goto unmask;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	create_pointer((unsigned long)ptr, size, ref_count);
-	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
  unmask:
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
@@ -718,19 +945,18 @@ void memleak_free(const void *ptr)
 
 		BUG_ON(cpu_id != 0);
 
-		if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
-			panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow\n");
-		pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos++];
+		if (preinit_pos < PREINIT_POINTERS) {
+			pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos];
 
-		pointer->type = MEMLEAK_FREE;
-		pointer->pointer = ptr;
+			pointer->type = MEMLEAK_FREE;
+			pointer->pointer = ptr;
+		}
+		preinit_pos++;
 
 		goto unmask;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	delete_pointer((unsigned long)ptr);
-	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
  unmask:
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
@@ -764,21 +990,20 @@ void memleak_padding(const void *ptr, un
 
 		BUG_ON(cpu_id != 0);
 
-		if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
-			panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow\n");
-		pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos++];
+		if (preinit_pos < PREINIT_POINTERS) {
+			pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos];
 
-		pointer->type = MEMLEAK_PADDING;
-		pointer->pointer = ptr;
-		pointer->offset = offset;
-		pointer->size = size;
+			pointer->type = MEMLEAK_PADDING;
+			pointer->pointer = ptr;
+			pointer->offset = offset;
+			pointer->size = size;
+		}
+		preinit_pos++;
 
 		goto unmask;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	unpad_pointer((unsigned long)ptr, offset, size);
-	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
  unmask:
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
@@ -811,19 +1036,18 @@ void memleak_not_leak(const void *ptr)
 
 		BUG_ON(cpu_id != 0);
 
-		if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
-			panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow\n");
-		pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos++];
+		if (preinit_pos < PREINIT_POINTERS) {
+			pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos];
 
-		pointer->type = MEMLEAK_NOT_LEAK;
-		pointer->pointer = ptr;
+			pointer->type = MEMLEAK_NOT_LEAK;
+			pointer->pointer = ptr;
+		}
+		preinit_pos++;
 
 		goto unmask;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	make_gray_pointer((unsigned long)ptr);
-	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
  unmask:
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
@@ -856,19 +1080,18 @@ void memleak_ignore(const void *ptr)
 
 		BUG_ON(cpu_id != 0);
 
-		if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
-			panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow\n");
-		pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos++];
+		if (preinit_pos < PREINIT_POINTERS) {
+			pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos];
 
-		pointer->type = MEMLEAK_IGNORE;
-		pointer->pointer = ptr;
+			pointer->type = MEMLEAK_IGNORE;
+			pointer->pointer = ptr;
+		}
+		preinit_pos++;
 
 		goto unmask;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	make_black_pointer((unsigned long)ptr);
-	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
  unmask:
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
@@ -901,21 +1124,20 @@ void memleak_scan_area(const void *ptr, 
 
 		BUG_ON(cpu_id != 0);
 
-		if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
-			panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow\n");
-		pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos++];
+		if (preinit_pos < PREINIT_POINTERS) {
+			pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos];
 
-		pointer->type = MEMLEAK_SCAN_AREA;
-		pointer->pointer = ptr;
-		pointer->offset = offset;
-		pointer->size = length;
+			pointer->type = MEMLEAK_SCAN_AREA;
+			pointer->pointer = ptr;
+			pointer->offset = offset;
+			pointer->size = length;
+		}
+		preinit_pos++;
 
 		goto unmask;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	add_scan_area((unsigned long)ptr, offset, length);
-	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
  unmask:
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
@@ -948,20 +1170,19 @@ void memleak_typeid_raw(const void *ptr,
 
 		BUG_ON(cpu_id != 0);
 
-		if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
-			panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow\n");
-		pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos++];
+		if (preinit_pos < PREINIT_POINTERS) {
+			pointer = &preinit_pointers[preinit_pos];
 
-		pointer->type = MEMLEAK_TYPEID;
-		pointer->pointer = ptr;
-		pointer->type_id = type_id;
+			pointer->type = MEMLEAK_TYPEID;
+			pointer->pointer = ptr;
+			pointer->type_id = type_id;
+		}
+		preinit_pos++;
 
 		goto unmask;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
 	change_type_id((unsigned long)ptr, type_id);
-	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
 
  unmask:
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
@@ -973,7 +1194,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(memleak_typeid_raw);
 
 /* Scan a block of memory (exclusive range) for pointers and move
  * those found to the gray list. This function is called with
- * memleak_lock held
+ * memleak_lock held and interrupts disabled
  */
 static void __scan_block(void *_start, void *_end)
 {
@@ -982,6 +1203,9 @@ static void __scan_block(void *_start, v
 						      BYTES_PER_WORD);
 	unsigned long *end = _end;
 
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
+
 	for (ptr = start; ptr < end; ptr++) {
 		struct memleak_pointer *pointer =
 			radix_tree_lookup(&pointer_tree,
@@ -998,6 +1222,9 @@ static void __scan_block(void *_start, v
 			list_add_tail_rcu(&pointer->gray_list, &gray_list);
 		}
 	}
+
+	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&memleak_lock));
 }
 
 static void scan_block(void *start, void *end)
@@ -1027,7 +1254,7 @@ static inline void scan_pointer(struct m
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&memleak_lock, flags);
 
 	/* freed pointer */
-	if (!pointer->pointer)
+	if (!pointer->flags & POINTER_ALLOCATED)
 		goto out;
 
 	if (hlist_empty(&pointer->area_list))
@@ -1056,14 +1283,21 @@ #endif
 	unsigned int cpu_id;
 
 	/* initialize pointers (make them white) and build the initial
-	 * gray list. Note that create_pointer_aliases might allocate
-	 * memory */
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&memleak_lock, flags);
-	cpu_id = smp_processor_id();
+	 * gray list. memleak_cpu_mask is set as we don't track the
+	 * kmemleak allocations */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	cpu_id = get_cpu();
 	if (cpu_test_and_set(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask))
 		BUG();
 
-	list_for_each_entry(pointer, &pointer_list, pointer_list) {
+	/* use the _rcu variant since pointer_list can change */
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	/* memleak_lock needed to ensure that the pointer structure is
+	 * not freed on a different CPU (create_pointer_aliases may
+	 * release the lock) */
+	spin_lock(&memleak_lock);
+
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(pointer, &pointer_list, pointer_list) {
 		/* lazy insertion of the pointer aliases into the radix tree */
 		if ((pointer->flags & POINTER_ALLOCATED)
 		    && !(pointer->flags & POINTER_ALIASES))
@@ -1071,13 +1305,19 @@ #endif
 
 		pointer->count = 0;
 		if (color_gray(pointer)) {
+			/* the pointer will be put back once it is
+			 * scanned via the gray_list */
 			get_pointer(pointer);
 			list_add_tail(&pointer->gray_list, &gray_list);
 		}
 	}
 
+	spin_unlock(&memleak_lock);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
 	cpu_clear(cpu_id, memleak_cpu_mask);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&memleak_lock, flags);
+	put_cpu_no_resched();
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
 
 	/* data/bss scanning */
 	scan_block(_sdata, _edata);
@@ -1262,6 +1502,10 @@ void __init memleak_init(void)
 
 	atomic_set(&memleak_initialized, 1);
 
+	if (preinit_pos >= PREINIT_POINTERS)
+		panic("kmemleak: preinit pointers buffer overflow: %d\n",
+		      preinit_pos);
+
 	/* execute the buffered memleak actions */
 	pr_debug("kmemleak: %d preinit actions\n", preinit_pos);
 	for (i = 0; i < preinit_pos; i++) {