[patch 08/32] xen: xen time implementation

[Jeremy Fitzhardinge]

Time is implemented by using a clocksource which is driven from the
hypervisor's nanosecond timebase.  Xen implements time by
extrapolating from known timestamps using the tsc; the hypervisor is
responsible for making sure that the tsc is constant rate and
synchronized between vcpus.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>

---
 arch/i386/xen/Makefile    |    2 
 arch/i386/xen/enlighten.c |    6 
 arch/i386/xen/time.c      |  402 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 409 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

===================================================================
--- a/arch/i386/xen/Makefile
+++ b/arch/i386/xen/Makefile
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@ obj-y		:= enlighten.o setup.o features.o
 obj-y		:= enlighten.o setup.o features.o multicalls.o mmu.o \
-			events.o
+			events.o time.o
===================================================================
--- a/arch/i386/xen/enlighten.c
+++ b/arch/i386/xen/enlighten.c
@@ -595,6 +595,12 @@ static const struct paravirt_ops xen_par
 	.arch_setup = xen_arch_setup,
 	.init_IRQ = xen_init_IRQ,
 
+	.time_init = xen_time_init,
+	.set_wallclock = xen_set_wallclock,
+	.get_wallclock = xen_get_wallclock,
+	.get_cpu_khz = xen_cpu_khz,
+	.sched_clock = xen_clocksource_read,
+
 	.cpuid = xen_cpuid,
 
 	.set_debugreg = xen_set_debugreg,
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/i386/xen/time.c
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+/*
+ * Xen time implementation.
+ *
+ * This is implemented in terms of a clocksource driver which uses
+ * the hypervisor clock as a nanosecond timebase, and a clockevent
+ * driver which uses the hypervisor's timer mechanism.
+ *
+ * Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, XenSource Inc, 2007
+ */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/clocksource.h>
+#include <linux/clockchips.h>
+
+#include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
+#include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
+
+#include <xen/events.h>
+#include <xen/interface/xen.h>
+#include <xen/interface/vcpu.h>
+
+#include "xen-ops.h"
+
+#define XEN_SHIFT 22
+#define TIMER_SLOP	100000	/* Xen may fire a timer up to this many ns early */
+
+/* These are perodically updated in shared_info, and then copied here. */
+struct shadow_time_info {
+	u64 tsc_timestamp;     /* TSC at last update of time vals.  */
+	u64 system_timestamp;  /* Time, in nanosecs, since boot.    */
+	u32 tsc_to_nsec_mul;
+	int tsc_shift;
+	u32 version;
+};
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct shadow_time_info, shadow_time);
+
+unsigned long xen_cpu_khz(void)
+{
+	u64 cpu_khz = 1000000ULL << 32;
+	const struct vcpu_time_info *info =
+		&HYPERVISOR_shared_info->vcpu_info[0].time;
+
+	do_div(cpu_khz, info->tsc_to_system_mul);
+	if (info->tsc_shift < 0)
+		cpu_khz <<= -info->tsc_shift;
+	else
+		cpu_khz >>= info->tsc_shift;
+
+	return cpu_khz;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reads a consistent set of time-base values from Xen, into a shadow data
+ * area.
+ */
+static void get_time_values_from_xen(void)
+{
+	struct vcpu_time_info   *src;
+	struct shadow_time_info *dst;
+
+	preempt_disable();
+
+	src = &__get_cpu_var(xen_vcpu)->time;
+	dst = &__get_cpu_var(shadow_time);
+
+	do {
+		dst->version = src->version;
+		rmb();
+		dst->tsc_timestamp     = src->tsc_timestamp;
+		dst->system_timestamp  = src->system_time;
+		dst->tsc_to_nsec_mul   = src->tsc_to_system_mul;
+		dst->tsc_shift         = src->tsc_shift;
+		rmb();
+	} while ((src->version & 1) | (dst->version ^ src->version));
+
+	preempt_enable();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scale a 64-bit delta by scaling and multiplying by a 32-bit fraction,
+ * yielding a 64-bit result.
+ */
+static inline u64 scale_delta(u64 delta, u32 mul_frac, int shift)
+{
+	u64 product;
+#ifdef __i386__
+	u32 tmp1, tmp2;
+#endif
+
+	if (shift < 0)
+		delta >>= -shift;
+	else
+		delta <<= shift;
+
+#ifdef __i386__
+	__asm__ (
+		"mul  %5       ; "
+		"mov  %4,%%eax ; "
+		"mov  %%edx,%4 ; "
+		"mul  %5       ; "
+		"xor  %5,%5    ; "
+		"add  %4,%%eax ; "
+		"adc  %5,%%edx ; "
+		: "=A" (product), "=r" (tmp1), "=r" (tmp2)
+		: "a" ((u32)delta), "1" ((u32)(delta >> 32)), "2" (mul_frac) );
+#elif __x86_64__
+	__asm__ (
+		"mul %%rdx ; shrd $32,%%rdx,%%rax"
+		: "=a" (product) : "0" (delta), "d" ((u64)mul_frac) );
+#else
+#error implement me!
+#endif
+
+	return product;
+}
+
+static u64 get_nsec_offset(struct shadow_time_info *shadow)
+{
+	u64 now, delta;
+	rdtscll(now);
+	delta = now - shadow->tsc_timestamp;
+	return scale_delta(delta, shadow->tsc_to_nsec_mul, shadow->tsc_shift);
+}
+
+cycle_t xen_clocksource_read(void)
+{
+	struct shadow_time_info *shadow = &get_cpu_var(shadow_time);
+	cycle_t ret;
+
+	get_time_values_from_xen();
+
+	ret = shadow->system_timestamp + get_nsec_offset(shadow);
+
+	put_cpu_var(shadow_time);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void xen_read_wallclock(struct timespec *ts)
+{
+	const struct shared_info *s = HYPERVISOR_shared_info;
+	u32 version;
+	u64 delta;
+	struct timespec now;
+
+	/* get wallclock at system boot */
+	do {
+		version = s->wc_version;
+		rmb();
+		now.tv_sec  = s->wc_sec;
+		now.tv_nsec = s->wc_nsec;
+		rmb();
+	} while ((s->wc_version & 1) | (version ^ s->wc_version));
+
+	delta = xen_clocksource_read();	/* time since system boot */
+	delta += now.tv_sec * (u64)NSEC_PER_SEC + now.tv_nsec;
+
+	now.tv_nsec = do_div(delta, NSEC_PER_SEC);
+	now.tv_sec = delta;
+
+	set_normalized_timespec(ts, now.tv_sec, now.tv_nsec);
+}
+
+unsigned long xen_get_wallclock(void)
+{
+	struct timespec ts;
+
+	xen_read_wallclock(&ts);
+
+	return ts.tv_sec;
+}
+
+int xen_set_wallclock(unsigned long now)
+{
+	/* do nothing for domU */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static struct clocksource xen_clocksource __read_mostly = {
+	.name = "xen",
+	.rating = 400,
+	.read = xen_clocksource_read,
+	.mask = ~0,
+	.mult = 1<<XEN_SHIFT,		/* time directly in nanoseconds */
+	.shift = XEN_SHIFT,
+	.flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS,
+};
+
+/*
+   Xen clockevent implementation
+
+   Xen has two clockevent implementations:
+
+   The old timer_op one works with all released versions of Xen prior
+   to version 3.0.4.  This version of the hypervisor provides a
+   single-shot timer with nanosecond resolution.  However, sharing the
+   same event channel is a 100Hz tick which is delivered while the
+   vcpu is running.  We don't care about or use this tick, but it will
+   cause the core time code to think the timer fired too soon, and
+   will end up resetting it each time.  It could be filtered, but
+   doing so has complications when the ktime clocksource is not yet
+   the xen clocksource (ie, at boot time).
+
+   The new vcpu_op-based timer interface allows the tick timer period
+   to be changed or turned off.  The tick timer is not useful as a
+   periodic timer because events are only delivered to running vcpus.
+   The one-shot timer can report when a timeout is in the past, so
+   set_next_event is capable of returning -ETIME when appropriate.
+   This interface is used when available.
+*/
+
+
+/*
+  Get a hypervisor absolute time.  In theory we could maintain an
+  offset between the kernel's time and the hypervisor's time, and
+  apply that to a kernel's absolute timeout.  Unfortunately the
+  hypervisor and kernel times can drift even if the kernel is using
+  the Xen clocksource, because ntp can warp the kernel's clocksource.
+*/
+static s64 get_abs_timeout(unsigned long delta)
+{
+	return xen_clocksource_read() + delta;
+}
+
+static void xen_timerop_set_mode(enum clock_event_mode mode,
+				 struct clock_event_device *evt)
+{
+	switch(mode) {
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_PERIODIC:
+		/* unsupported */
+		WARN_ON(1);
+		break;
+
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_ONESHOT:
+		break;
+
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_UNUSED:
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_SHUTDOWN:
+		HYPERVISOR_set_timer_op(0);  /* cancel timeout */
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int xen_timerop_set_next_event(unsigned long delta,
+				      struct clock_event_device *evt)
+{
+	WARN_ON(evt->mode != CLOCK_EVT_MODE_ONESHOT);
+
+	if (HYPERVISOR_set_timer_op(get_abs_timeout(delta)) < 0)
+		BUG();
+
+	/* We may have missed the deadline, but there's no real way of
+	   knowing for sure.  If the event was in the past, then we'll
+	   get an immediate interrupt. */
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct clock_event_device xen_timerop_clockevent = {
+	.name = "xen",
+	.features = CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_ONESHOT,
+
+	.max_delta_ns = 0xffffffff,
+	.min_delta_ns = TIMER_SLOP,
+
+	.mult = 1,
+	.shift = 0,
+	.rating = 500,
+
+	.set_mode = xen_timerop_set_mode,
+	.set_next_event = xen_timerop_set_next_event,
+};
+
+
+
+static void xen_vcpuop_set_mode(enum clock_event_mode mode,
+				struct clock_event_device *evt)
+{
+	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+
+	switch(mode) {
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_PERIODIC:
+		WARN_ON(1);	/* unsupported */
+		break;
+
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_ONESHOT:
+		if (HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op(VCPUOP_stop_periodic_timer, cpu, NULL))
+			BUG();
+		break;
+
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_UNUSED:
+	case CLOCK_EVT_MODE_SHUTDOWN:
+		if (HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op(VCPUOP_stop_singleshot_timer, cpu, NULL) ||
+		    HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op(VCPUOP_stop_periodic_timer, cpu, NULL))
+			BUG();
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int xen_vcpuop_set_next_event(unsigned long delta,
+				     struct clock_event_device *evt)
+{
+	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	struct vcpu_set_singleshot_timer single;
+	int ret;
+
+	WARN_ON(evt->mode != CLOCK_EVT_MODE_ONESHOT);
+
+	single.timeout_abs_ns = get_abs_timeout(delta);
+	single.flags = VCPU_SSHOTTMR_future;
+
+	ret = HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op(VCPUOP_set_singleshot_timer, cpu, &single);
+
+	BUG_ON(ret != 0 && ret != -ETIME);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct clock_event_device xen_vcpuop_clockevent = {
+	.name = "xen",
+	.features = CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_ONESHOT,
+
+	.max_delta_ns = 0xffffffff,
+	.min_delta_ns = TIMER_SLOP,
+
+	.mult = 1,
+	.shift = 0,
+	.rating = 500,
+
+	.set_mode = xen_vcpuop_set_mode,
+	.set_next_event = xen_vcpuop_set_next_event,
+};
+
+static const struct clock_event_device *xen_clockevent =
+	&xen_timerop_clockevent;
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct clock_event_device, xen_clock_events);
+
+static irqreturn_t xen_timer_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
+{
+	struct clock_event_device *evt = &__get_cpu_var(xen_clock_events);
+	irqreturn_t ret;
+
+	ret = IRQ_NONE;
+	if (evt->event_handler) {
+		evt->event_handler(evt);
+		ret = IRQ_HANDLED;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void xen_setup_timer(int cpu)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	struct clock_event_device *evt;
+	int irq;
+
+	printk("installing Xen timer for CPU %d\n", cpu);
+
+	name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "timer%d", cpu);
+	if (!name)
+		name = "<timer kasprintf failed>";
+
+	irq = bind_virq_to_irqhandler(VIRQ_TIMER, cpu, xen_timer_interrupt,
+				      IRQF_DISABLED|IRQF_PERCPU|IRQF_NOBALANCING,
+				      name, NULL);
+
+	evt = &get_cpu_var(xen_clock_events);
+	memcpy(evt, xen_clockevent, sizeof(*evt));
+
+	evt->cpumask = cpumask_of_cpu(cpu);
+	evt->irq = irq;
+	clockevents_register_device(evt);
+
+	put_cpu_var(xen_clock_events);
+}
+
+__init void xen_time_init(void)
+{
+	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+
+	get_time_values_from_xen();
+
+	clocksource_register(&xen_clocksource);
+
+	if (HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op(VCPUOP_stop_periodic_timer, cpu, NULL) == 0) {
+		/* Successfully turned off 100hz tick, so we have the
+		   vcpuop-based timer interface */
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "Xen: using vcpuop timer interface\n");
+		xen_clockevent = &xen_vcpuop_clockevent;
+	}
+
+	/* Set initial system time with full resolution */
+	xen_read_wallclock(&xtime);
+	set_normalized_timespec(&wall_to_monotonic,
+				-xtime.tv_sec, -xtime.tv_nsec);
+
+	tsc_disable = 0;
+
+	xen_setup_timer(cpu);
+}

-- 

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