[PATCH 0/1] ptrace_vm: let us simplify the code for ptrace and add useful features for VM

[Renzo Davoli]

Proposal: let us simplify
PTRACE_SYSCALL/PTRACE_SINGLESTEP/PTRACE_SYSEMU/PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP,
and now PTRACE_BLOCKSTEP (which will require soon a PTRACE_SYSEMU_BLOCKSTEP),
my PTRACE_SYSVM...etc. etc.

Summary of the solution:
Use tags in the "addr" parameter of existing
PTRACE_SYSCALL/PTRACE_SINGLESTEP/PTRACE_CONT/PTRACE_BLOCKSTEP calls
to skip the current call (PTRACE_VM_SKIPCALL) or skip the second upcall to 
the VM/debugger after the syscall execution (PTRACE_VM_SKIPEXIT).

Note:
The patch is against linux-2.6.26-rc6, it applies with some line offset
warnings to git2, too.

Motivation:

The ptrace tag PTRACE_SYSEMU is a feature mainly used for User-Mode Linux,
or at most for other virtual machines aiming to virtualize *all* the syscalls
(total virtual machines).

In fact:
ptrace(PTRACE_SYSEMU, pid, 0, 0)
means that the *next* system call will not be executed.
PTRACE_SYSEMU AFAIK has been implemented only for x86_32.

I already proposed some time ago a different tag: PTRACE_SYSVM 
(and I maintain a patch for it) where:
ptrace(PTRACE_SYSVM, pid, XXX, 0)
1* is the same as PTRACE_SYSCALL when XXX==0,
2* skips the call (and stops before entering the next syscall) when
  PTRACE_VM_SKIPCALL | PTRACE_VM_SKIPEXIT
3* skips the ptrace call after the system call if PTRACE_VM_SKIPEXIT.
  PTRACE_SYSVM has been implemented for x86_32, powerpc_32, um+x86_32.
(x86_64 and ppc64 exist too, but are less tested).

The main difference between SYSEMU and SYSVM is that with SYSVM it is possible
to decide if *this* system call should be executed or not (instead of the next
one).
SYSVM can be used also for partial virtual machines (some syscall gets
virtualized and some others do not), like our umview.

PTRACE_SYSVM above can be used instead of PTRACE_SYSEMU in user-mode linux
and in all the others total virtual machines. In fact, provided user-mode linux
skips *all* the syscalls it does not matter if the upcall happens just after
(SYSEMU) or just before (SYSVM) having skipped the syscall.

Briefly I would like to unify SYSCALL, SYSEMU and SYSVM.
We don't need three different tags (and all their "variations", 
SINGLESTEP->SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP etc).

We could keep PTRACE_SYSCALL, using the addr parameter as in PTRACE_SYSVM.
In this case all the code I have seen (user-mode linux, strace, umview
and googling around) use 0 or 1 for addr (being defined unused).
defining PTRACE_VM_SKIPCALL=4 and PTRACE_VM_SKIPEXIT=2 (i.e. by ignoring
the lsb) everything previously coded using PTRACE_SYSCALL should continue 
to work.
In the same way PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_CONT and PTRACE_BLOCKSTEP can use 
the same tags restarting after a SYSCALL.

This change would eventually simplify both the kernel code
(reducing tags and exceptions) and even user-mode linux and umview.

The skip-exit feature can be implemented in a arch-independent
manner, while for skip_call some simple changes are needed
(the entry assembly code should process the return value of the syscall
tracing function call, like in arch/x86/kernel/Entry_32.S).

Motivation summary:
1) (eventually) Reduce the number of PTRACE tags. The proposed patch
does not add any tag. On the contrary after a period of deprecation
SYSEMU* tags can be eliminated.
2) Backward compatible with existing software (existing UML kernels,
strace already tested). Only software using strange "addr" values
(currently ignored) could have portability problems.
3) (eventually) simplify kernel code. SYSEMU support is a bit messy and
x86/32 only. These new PTRACE_VM tags for the addr parameter will allow to
get rid of SYSEMU code.
4) It is simple to be ported across the architecture.
This patch already support PTRACE_VM_SKIPEXIT for all architectures and
PTRACE_VM_SKIPCALL for x86_32/64 (incl. x86_64 emu32), powerpc32/64, UML.
(to be honest I have tested the code on all the architectures above but
powerpc64. It does not mean that it is bug free even on the others, but at 
least I have tried some UML kernels and some umview runs).
5) It is more powerful than PTRACE_SYSEMU. It provides an optimized support for
partial virtualization (some syscalls gets virtualized some other do
not) while keeping support for total virtualization a' la UML.
6) Software currently using PTRACE_SYSEMU can be easily ported to this
new support. The porting for UML (client side) is already in the patch.
All the calls like:
ptrace(PTRACE_SYSEMU, pid, 0, 0)
can be converted into
ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, PTRACE_VM_SKIPCALL, 0)
(but the first PTRACE_SYSCALL, the one which starts up the emulation.
In practice it is possible to set PTRACE_VM_SKIPCALL for the first call,
too. The "addr" tag is ignored being no syscalls pending).

The same feature has been implemented also against the new ptrace running on 
McGrath's utrace support.  This specific patch can be found here:
http://view-os.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/view-os/trunk/kmview-kernel-module/kernel_patches/

		renzo
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