Re: [PATCH 2/2] improve ext3 fsync batching
From: Ric Wheeler
Date: Tue Aug 19 2008 - 16:56:40 EST
Andrew Morton wrote:
Could I just point out that this is a very very painful way of writing
a changelog? All these new revelations are important and relevant and
should have been there!
Agreed, some of this was bounced around only in the email thread.
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 14:08:31 -0400
Ric Wheeler <rwheeler@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
Andrew Morton wrote:
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 07:01:11 -0400 Ric Wheeler <rwheeler@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
It would be great to be able to use this batching technique for faster
devices, but we currently sleep 3-4 times longer waiting to batch for an
array than it takes to complete the transaction.
Obviously, tuning that delay down to the minimum necessary is a good
thing. But doing it based on commit-time seems indirect at best. What
happens on a slower disk when commit times are in the tens of
milliseconds? When someone runs a concurrent `dd if=/dev/zero of=foo'
when commit times go up to seconds?
Transactions on that busier drive would take longer, we would sleep
longer which would allow us to batch up more into one transaction. That
should be a good result and it should reset when the drive gets less
busy (and transactions shorter) to a shorter sleep time.
Has this been empirically confirmed?
No, this was just me thinking about how a shared disk can become
sluggish. It is a good experiment to try (run the test on one host,
inject a heavy load from a second, watch the behaviour).
Commits can takes tens of seconds and causing an fsync() to block
itself for such periods could have quite bad effects. How do we (ie:
I) know that there are no such scenarios with this change?
A very good point - I like your suggestion to do the minimum of avg
sleep time vs 1 jiffie in the follow up message.
Perhaps a better scheme would be to tune it based on how many other
processes are joining that transaction. If it's "zero" then decrease
the timeout. But one would need to work out how to increase it, which
perhaps could be done by detecting the case where process A runs an
fsync when a commit is currently in progress, and that commit was
caused by process B's fsync.
This is really, really a property of the device's latency at any given
point in time. If there are no other processes running, we could do an
optimization and not wait.
well yes. This represents yet another attempt to predict future
application behaviour. The way in which we _usually_ do that is by
monitoring past application behaviour.
This whole area is very similar to the IO elevator area where some of
the same device characteristics are measured.
Only this patch didn't do that (directly) and I'm wondering why not.
The average transaction commit time is a direct measurement of the past
behaviour, right?
But before doing all that I would recommend/ask that the following be
investigated:
- How effective is the present code?
It causes the most expensive storage (arrays) to run 3-4 times slower
than they should on a synchronous write workload (NFS server, mail
server?) with more than 1 thread. For example, against a small EMC
array, I saw single threaded write rates of 720 files/sec against ext3
with 1 thread, 225 (if I remember correctly) with 2 ;-)
Current code has:
/*
* Implement synchronous transaction batching. If the handle
* was synchronous, don't force a commit immediately. Let's
* yield and let another thread piggyback onto this transaction.
* Keep doing that while new threads continue to arrive.
* It doesn't cost much - we're about to run a commit and sleep
* on IO anyway. Speeds up many-threaded, many-dir operations
* by 30x or more...
*
* But don't do this if this process was the most recent one to
* perform a synchronous write. We do this to detect the case where a
* single process is doing a stream of sync writes. No point in waiting
* for joiners in that case.
*/
has the 30x been reproduced? If not, what broke? If so, what effect
did the proposed change have upon it?
The huge gain was only in the case of a RAM disk test which I assume was
not tested against the original patch early on. Against an array (with a
250HZ kernel), we saw a 2.5x speedup with the new code.
- What happens when it is simply removed?
If you remove the code, you will not see the throughput rise when you go
multithreaded on existing slow devices (S-ATA/ATA for example). Faster
devices will not see that 2 threaded drop.
See above - has this been tested and confirmed?
Yes - we (back at EMC) did remove the logic and the fast devices will
write at least at their starting rate (700+ files/sec).
- Add instrumentation (a counter and a printk) to work out how
many other tasks are joining this task's transaction.
- If the answer is "zero" or "small", work out why.
- See if we can increase its effectiveness.
Because it could be that the code broke. There might be issues with
higher-level locks which are preventing the batching. For example, if
all the files which the test app is syncing are in the same directory,
perhaps all the tasks are piling up on that directory's i_mutex?
I have to admit that I don't see the down side here - we have shown a
huge increase for arrays (embarrassingly huge increase for RAM disks)
and see no degradation for the S-ATA/ATA case.
The code is not broken (having been there and done the performance
tuning on the original code), it just did not account for the widely
varying average response times for different classes of storage ;-)
Well, as I said - last time I checked, it did seem to be broken. By
what means did you confirm that it is still effective, and what were
the results?
I think Josef posted those results for S-ATA earlier in the thread and
they were still working. We can repost/rerun to give more detail...
ric
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