[0/7,v8] NUMA Hotplug Emulator (v8)

[shaohui . zheng]

* PATCHSET INTRODUCTION

patch 1: Documentation.
patch 2: Adds a numa=possible=<N> command line option to set an additional N nodes
		 as being possible for memory hotplug. 
	    
patch 3: Add node hotplug emulation, introduce debugfs node/add_node interface

patch 4: Abstract cpu register functions, make these interface friend for cpu
		 hotplug emulation
patch 5: Support cpu probe/release in x86, it provide a software method to hot
		 add/remove cpu with sysfs interface.
patch 6: Fake CPU socket with logical CPU on x86, to prevent the scheduling
		 domain to build the incorrect hierarchy.
patch 7: Implement per-node add_memory debugfs interface

* FEEDBACKDS & RESPONSES

v8:

Reconsider David's proposal, accept the per-node add_memory interface on debugfs.
(patch 7).

v7:

David:    We don't need two different interfaces, one in sysfs and one in debugfs,
          to hotplug memory.
Response: We use the debugfs for memory hotplug emulation only, for sysfs memory probe
          interface, we did not do any modifications, so we remove original patch 7
		  from patchset.
David:    Suggest new probe files in debugfs for each online node:
			/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/add_node (already exists)
			/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/node0/add_memory
			/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/node1/add_memory

Response: We need not make a simple thing such complicated, We'd prefer to
          rename the mem_hotplug/probe interface as mem_hotplug/add_memory.
			/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/add_node (already exists)
			/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/add_memory (rename probe as add_memory)

v6:

Greg KH:  Suggest to use interface mem_hotplug/add_node
David:    Agree with Greg's suggestion
Response: We move the interface from node/add_node to mem_hotplug/add_node, and we also move 
          memory/probe interface to mem_hotplug/probe since both are related to memory hotplug.

Kletnieks Valdis: suggest to renumber the patch serie, and move patch 8/8 to patch 1/8.
Response: Move patch 8/8 to patch 1/8, and we will include the full description in 0/8 when
          we send patches in future.	    
       

v5:

David: Suggests to use a flexible method to to do node hotplug emulation. After
       review our 2 versions emulator implemetations, David provides a better solution
	   to solve both the flexibility and memory wasting issue. 
	   
	   Add numa=possible=<N> command line option, provide sysfs inteface
	   /sys/devices/system/node/add_node interface, and move the inteface to debugfs
	   /sys/kernel/debug/hotplug/add_node after hearing the voice from community.

Greg KH: move the interface from hotplug/add_node to node/add_node

Response: Accept David's node=possible=<n> command line options. After talking
       with David, he agree to add his patch to our patchset, thanks David's solution(patch 1).

	   David's original interface /sys/kernel/debug/hotplug/add_node is not so clear for
	   node hotplug emulation, we accept Greg's suggestion, move the interface to ndoe/add_node  
	   (patch 2)
		 
Dave Hansen: For memory hotplug, Dave reminds Greg KH's advice, suggest us to use configfs replace
       sysfs. After Dave knows that it is just for test purpose, Dave thinks debugfs should
	   be the best.

Response: memory probe sysfs interface already exists, I'd like to still keep it, and extend it
       to support memory add on a specified node(patch 6).

	   We accepts Dave's suggestion, implement memory probe interface with debugfs(patch 7).

Randy Dunlap: Correct many grammatical errors in our documentation(patch 8).

Response: Thanks for Randy's careful review, we already correct them. 

v4: 

Split CPU hotplug emulation code since David has send a patchset for node hotplug emulation.

v3 & v2:

1) Patch 0
Balbir & Greg: Suggest to use tool git/quilt to manage/send the patchset.
Response: Thanks for the recommendation, With help from Fengguang, I get quilt
		  working, it is a great tool.

2) Patch 2
Jaswinder Singh: if (hidden_num) is not required in patch 2
Response: good catching, it is removed in v2.


3) Patch 3
Dave Hansen: Suggest to create a dedicated sysfs file for each possible node.
Greg: 	  How big would this "list" be?  What will it look like exactly?
Haicheng: It should follow "one value per file". It intends to show acceptable
		  parameters.

		  For example, if we have 4 fake offlined nodes, like node 2-5, then:
			   $ cat /sys/devices/system/node/probe
				 2-5

		  Then user hotadds node3 to system:
			   $ echo 3 > /sys/devices/system/node/probe
			   $ cat /sys/devices/system/node/probe
				 2,4-5

Greg:   As you are trying to add a new sysfs file, please create the matching
		Documentation/ABI/ file as well.
Response: We miss it, and we already add it in v2.

Patch 4 & 5: 
Paul Mundt: This looks like an incredibly painful interface. How about scrapping all
of this _emu() mess and just reworking the register_cpu() interface?
Response: accept Paul's suggestion, and remove the cpu _emu functions.

Patch 7: 
Dave Hansen: If we're going to put multiple values into the file now and
		 add to the ABI, can we be more explicit about it?
		echo "physical_address=0x40000000 numa_node=3" > memory/probe
Response: Dave's new interface was accpeted, and more we still keep the old 
	      format for compatibility. We documented the these interfaces into
		  Documentation/ABI in v2.
Greg: 	suggest to use configfs replace for the memory probe interface
Andi: 	This is a debugging interface. It doesn't need to have the
	  	most pretty interface in the world, because it will be only used for
	  	QA by a few people. it's just a QA interface, not the next generation
		of POSIX.
Response: We still keep it as sysfs interface since node/cpu/memory probe interface
		  are all in sysfs, we can create another group of patches to support
		  configfs if we have this strong requirement in future.

v1:

the RFC version for NUMA Hotplug Emulator.

* WHAT IS HOTPLUG EMULATOR 

NUMA hotplug emulator is collectively named for the hotplug emulation
it is able to emulate NUMA Node Hotplug thru a pure software way. It
intends to help people easily debug and test node/cpu/memory hotplug
related stuff on a none-NUMA-hotplug-support machine, even an UMA machine.

The emulator provides mechanism to emulate the process of physcial cpu/mem
hotadd, it provides possibility to debug CPU and memory hotplug on the machines
without NUMA support for kenrel developers. It offers an interface for cpu
and memory hotplug test purpose.

* WHY DO WE USE HOTPLUG EMULATOR

We are focusing on the hotplug emualation for a few months. The emualor helps
 team to reproduce all the major hotplug bugs. It plays an important role to
the hotplug code quality assuirance. Because of the hotplug emulator, we already
move most of the debug working to virtual evironment.

* Principles & Usages 

NUMA hotplug emulator include 3 different parts: node/CPU/memory hotplug emulation.

1) Node hotplug emulation:

Adds a numa=possible=<N> command line option to set an additional N nodes as
being possible for memory hotplug. This set of possible nodes control
nr_node_ids and the sizes of several dynamically allocated node arrays.

This allows memory hotplug to create new nodes for newly added memory
rather than binding it to existing nodes.

For emulation on x86, it would be possible to set aside memory for hotplugged
nodes (say, anything above 2G) and to add an additional four nodes as being
possible on boot with

	mem=2G numa=possible=4

and then creating a new 128M node at runtime:

	# echo 128M@0x80000000 > /sys/kernel/debug/node/add_node
	On node 1 totalpages: 0
	init_memory_mapping: 0000000080000000-0000000088000000
	 0080000000 - 0088000000 page 2M

Once the new node has been added, its memory can be onlined.  If this
memory represents memory section 16, for example:

	# echo online > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory16/state
	Built 2 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 514846
	Policy zone: Normal
 [ The memory section(s) mapped to a particular node are visible via
   /sys/devices/system/node/node1, in this example. ]

2) CPU hotplug emulation:

The emulator reserve CPUs throu grub parameter, the reserved CPUs can be
hot-add/hot-remove in software method.

When hotplug a CPU with emulator, we are using a logical CPU to emulate the CPU
hotplug process. For the CPU supported SMT, some logical CPUs are in the same
socket, but it may located in different NUMA node after we have emulator.  We
put the logical CPU into a fake CPU socket, and assign it an unique
phys_proc_id. For the fake socket, we put one logical CPU in only.

 - to hide CPUs
	- Using boot option "maxcpus=N" hide CPUs
	  N is the number of initialize CPUs
	- Using boot option "cpu_hpe=on" to enable cpu hotplug emulation
      when cpu_hpe is enabled, the rest CPUs will not be initialized 

 - to hot-add CPU to node
	# echo nid > cpu/probe

 - to hot-remove CPU
	# echo nid > cpu/release

3) Memory hotplug emulation:

The emulator reserves memory before OS boots, the reserved memory region is
removed from e820 table. Each online node has an add_memory interface, and
memory can be hot-added via the per-ndoe add_memory debugfs interface. 

The difficulty of Memory Release is well-known, we have no plan for it until
now.

 - reserve memory thru a kernel boot paramter
 	mem=1024m

 - add a memory section to node 3
    # echo 0x40000000 > mem_hotplug/node3/add_memory
	OR
    # echo 1024m > mem_hotplug/node3/add_memory

* ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

NUMA Hotplug Emulator includes a team's efforts, thanks all of them.
They are:
Andi Kleen, Haicheng Li, Shaohui Zheng, Fengguang Wu, David Rientjes and
Yongkang You


Thanks & Regards,
Shaohui


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