Re: Mis-Design of Btrfs?

[Chris Mason]

Excerpts from NeilBrown's message of 2011-07-15 02:33:54 -0400:
> On Thu, 14 Jul 2011 21:58:46 -0700 (PDT) david@xxxxxxx wrote:
> 
> > On Thu, 14 Jul 2011, Chris Mason wrote:
> > 
> > > Excerpts from Ric Wheeler's message of 2011-07-14 02:57:54 -0400:
> > >> On 07/14/2011 07:38 AM, NeilBrown wrote:
> > >>> On Thu, 14 Jul 2011 07:02:22 +0100 Ric Wheeler<rwheeler@xxxxxxxxxx>  wrote:
> > >>>
> > >>>>> I'm certainly open to suggestions and collaboration.  Do you have in mind any
> > >>>>> particular way to make the interface richer??
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> NeilBrown
> > >>>> Hi Neil,
> > >>>>
> > >>>> I know that Chris has a very specific set of use cases for btrfs and think that
> > >>>> Alasdair and others have started to look at what is doable.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> The obvious use case is the following:
> > >>>>
> > >>>> If a file system uses checksumming or other data corruption detection bits, it
> > >>>> can detect that it got bad data on a write. If that data was protected by RAID,
> > >>>> it would like to ask the block layer to try to read from another mirror (for
> > >>>> raid1) or try to validate/rebuild from parity.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Today, I think that a retry will basically just give us back a random chance of
> > >>>> getting data from a different mirror or the same one that we got data from on
> > >>>> the first go.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Chris, Alasdair, was that a good summary of one concern?
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Thanks!
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Ric
> > >>> I imagine a new field in 'struct bio' which was normally zero but could be
> > >>> some small integer.  It is only meaningful for read.
> > >>> When 0 it means "get this data way you like".
> > >>> When non-zero it means "get this data using method N", where the different
> > >>> methods are up to the device.
> > >>>
> > >>> For a mirrored RAID, method N means read from device N-1.
> > >>> For stripe/parity RAID, method 1 means "use other data blocks and parity
> > >>> blocks to reconstruct data.
> > >>>
> > >>> The default for non RAID devices is to return EINVAL for any N>  0.
> > >>> A remapping device (dm-linear, dm-stripe etc) would just pass the number
> > >>> down.  I'm not sure how RAID1 over RAID5 would handle it... that might need
> > >>> some thought.
> > >>>
> > >>> So if btrfs reads a block and the checksum looks wrong, it reads again with
> > >>> a larger N.  It continues incrementing N and retrying until it gets a block
> > >>> that it likes or it gets EINVAL.  There should probably be an error code
> > >>> (EAGAIN?) which means "I cannot work with that number, but try the next one".
> > >>>
> > >>> It would be trivial for me to implement this for RAID1 and RAID10, and
> > >>> relatively easy for RAID5.
> > >>> I'd need to give a bit of thought to RAID6 as there are possibly multiple
> > >>> ways to reconstruct from different combinations of parity and data.  I'm not
> > >>> sure if there would be much point in doing that though.
> > >>>
> > >>> It might make sense for a device to be able to report what the maximum
> > >>> 'N' supported is... that might make stacked raid easier to manage...
> > >>>
> > >>> NeilBrown
> > >>>
> > >>
> > >> I think that the above makes sense. Not sure what your "0" definition is, but I
> > >> would assume that for non-raided devices (i.e., a single s-ata disk), "0" would
> > >> be an indication that there is nothing more that can be tried. The data you got
> > >> is all you are ever going to get :)
> > >>
> > >> For multiple mirrors, you might want to have a scheme where you would be able to
> > >> cycle through the mirrors. You could retry, cycling through the various mirrors
> > >> until you have tried and returned them all at which point you would get a "no
> > >> more" error back or some such thing.
> > >
> > > Hi everyone,
> > >
> > > The mirror number idea is basically what btrfs does today, and I think
> > > it fits in with Neil's idea to have different policies for different
> > > blocks.
> > >
> > > Basically what btrfs does:
> > >
> > > read_block(block_num, mirror = 0)
> > > if (no io error and not csum error)
> > >     horray()
> > >
> > > num_mirrors = get_num_copies(block number)
> > > for (i = 1; i < num_mirrors; i++) {
> > >     read_block(block_num, mirror = i);
> > > }
> > >
> > > In a stacked configuration, the get_num_copies function can be smarter,
> > > basically adding up all the copies of the lower levels and finding a way
> > > to combine them.  We could just send down a fake bio that is responsible
> > > for adding up the storage combinations into a bitmask or whatever works.
> > >
> > > We could also just keep retrying until the lower layers reported no more
> > > mirror were available.
> > >
> > > In btrfs at least, we don't set the data blocks up to date until the crc
> > > has passed, so replacing bogus blocks is easy.  Metadata is a little
> > > more complex, but that's not really related to this topic.
> > >
> > > mirror number 0 just means "no mirror preference/pick the fastest
> > > mirror" to the btrfs block mapping code.
> > >
> > > Btrfs has the concept of different raid levels for different logical
> > > block numbers, so you get_num_copies might return one answer for block A
> > > and a different answer for block B.
> > >
> > > Either way, we could easily make use of a bio field here if it were
> > > exported out.
> > 
> > you don't want to just pass the value down as that will cause problems 
> > with layering (especially if the lower layer supports more values than a 
> > higher layer)
> > 
> > I would suggest that each layer take the value it's give, do an integer 
> > division by the number of values that layer supports, using the modulo 
> > value for that layer and pass the rest of the result down to the next 
> > layer.
> 
> I, on the other hand, would suggest that each layer be given the freedom, and
> the responsibility, to do whatever it thinks is most appropriate.
> 
> This would probably involved checking the lower levels to see how many
> strategies each has, and doing some appropriate arithmetic depending on how
> it combines those devices.
> 
> One problem here is the assumption that the lower levels don't change, and we
> know that not to be the case.
> However this is already a problem.  It is entirely possible that the request
> size parameters of devices can change at any moment, even while a request is
> in-flight ... though we try to avoid that or work around it.
> 
> The sort of dependencies that we see forming here would probably just make
> the problem worse.
> 
> Not sure what to do about it though.... maybe just hope it isn't a problem.

Agreed, if we want to go beyond best effort for a stacking config, we'll
need to put some state struct in the bio that each layer can play with.
That way each layer knows which mirrors have already been tried.

But, maybe the whole btrfs model is backwards for a generic layer.
Instead of sending down ios and testing when they come back, we could
just set a verification function (or stack of them?).

For metadata, btrfs compares the crc and a few other fields of the
metadata block, so we can easily add a compare function pointer and a
void * to pass in.

The problem is the crc can take a lot of CPU, so btrfs kicks it off to
threading pools so saturate all the cpus on the box.  But there's no
reason we can't make that available lower down.

If we pushed the verification down, the retries could bubble up the
stack instead of the other way around.

-chris
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