[PATCH,FIXED] PCMCIA card inserted, five s2ram cycles, you're dead

[Russell King - ARM Linux]

Last night, I wrote:
> static int pcmcia_bus_early_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
> {
>         if (!verify_cis_cache(skt)) {
>                 pcmcia_put_socket(skt);
>                 return 0;
>         }
> 
> I've not been able to check that theory tonight.  Maybe someone who
> knows the code can suggest - if not, I'll try deleting that
> pcmcia_put_socket() call at some point tomorrow.

Yes, this does appear to be the problem.  Tested patch below.  It looks
like the bug has been around since July 2010 - maybe no one suspends and
resumes with their PCMCIA (not Cardbus) card inserted.

Given its age, it seems to affect many stable kernels.

Note that this is a memory-corrupting bug: not only does it cause the
warning, but as a result of dropping the refcount to zero, it causes the
pcmcia_socket0 device structure to be freed while it still has references,
causing slab caches corruption.  A fatal oops quickly follows this warning
- often even just a 'dmesg' following the warning causes the kernel to
oops.

8<====
From: Russell King <rmk+kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: [PATCH] Fix PCMCIA socket refcount decrementing on each resume

While testing suspend/resume on an ARM device with PCMCIA support, and
a CF card inserted, I found that after five suspend and resumes, the
kernel would complain, and shortly die after with slab corruption.

WARNING: at include/linux/kref.h:41 kobject_get+0x28/0x50()

As the message doesn't give a clue about which kobject, and the built-in
debugging in drivers/base/power/main.c happens too late, this was added
right before each get_device():

printk("%s: %p [%s] %u\n", __func__, dev, kobject_name(&dev->kobj), atomic_read(&dev->kobj.kref.refcount));

and on the 3rd s2ram cycle, the following behaviour observed:

On the 3rd suspend/resume cycle:

dpm_prepare: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_suspend: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_resume: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 3
dpm_complete: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2

4th:

dpm_prepare: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_suspend: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_resume: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 2
dpm_complete: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1

5th:

dpm_prepare: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_suspend: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_resume: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 1
dpm_complete: c1a0d998 [pcmcia_socket0] 0
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: at include/linux/kref.h:41 kobject_get+0x28/0x50()
Modules linked in: ucb1x00_core
Backtrace:
[<c0212090>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x110) from [<c04799dc>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c)
[<c04799c4>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x1c) from [<c021cba0>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x50/0x68)
[<c021cb50>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x0/0x68) from [<c021cbdc>] (warn_slowpath_null+0x24/0x28)
[<c021cbb8>] (warn_slowpath_null+0x0/0x28) from [<c0335374>] (kobject_get+0x28/0x50)
[<c033534c>] (kobject_get+0x0/0x50) from [<c03804f4>] (get_device+0x1c/0x24)
[<c0388c90>] (dpm_complete+0x0/0x1a0) from [<c0389cc0>] (dpm_resume_end+0x1c/0x20)
...

Looking at commit 7b24e7988263 (pcmcia: split up central event handler),
the following change was made to cs.c:

@@ -546,8 +524,8 @@ static int socket_late_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
                return 0;
        }
 #endif
-
-       send_event(skt, CS_EVENT_PM_RESUME, CS_EVENT_PRI_LOW);
+       if (!(skt->state & SOCKET_CARDBUS) && (skt->callback))
+               skt->callback->early_resume(skt);
        return 0;
 }


And the corresponding change in ds.c is from:

-static int ds_event(struct pcmcia_socket *skt, event_t event, int priority)
-{
-       struct pcmcia_socket *s = pcmcia_get_socket(skt);
...
-       switch (event) {
...
-       case CS_EVENT_PM_RESUME:
-               if (verify_cis_cache(skt) != 0) {
-                       dev_dbg(&skt->dev, "cis mismatch - different card\n");
-                       /* first, remove the card */
-                       ds_event(skt, CS_EVENT_CARD_REMOVAL, CS_EVENT_PRI_HIGH);
-                       mutex_lock(&s->ops_mutex);
-                       destroy_cis_cache(skt);
-                       kfree(skt->fake_cis);
-                       skt->fake_cis = NULL;
-                       s->functions = 0;
-                       mutex_unlock(&s->ops_mutex);
-                       /* now, add the new card */
-                       ds_event(skt, CS_EVENT_CARD_INSERTION,
-                                CS_EVENT_PRI_LOW);
-               }
-               break;
...
-    }

-    pcmcia_put_socket(s);

-    return 0;
-} /* ds_event */

to:

+static int pcmcia_bus_early_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
+{
+       if (!verify_cis_cache(skt)) {
+               pcmcia_put_socket(skt);
+               return 0;
+       }

+       dev_dbg(&skt->dev, "cis mismatch - different card\n");

+       /* first, remove the card */
+       pcmcia_bus_remove(skt);
+       mutex_lock(&skt->ops_mutex);
+       destroy_cis_cache(skt);
+       kfree(skt->fake_cis);
+       skt->fake_cis = NULL;
+       skt->functions = 0;
+       mutex_unlock(&skt->ops_mutex);

+       /* now, add the new card */
+       pcmcia_bus_add(skt);
+       return 0;
+}

As can be seen, the original function called pcmcia_get_socket() and
pcmcia_put_socket() around the guts, whereas the replacement code
calls pcmcia_put_socket() only in one path.  This creates an imbalance
in the refcounting.

Testing with pcmcia_put_socket() put removed shows that the bug is gone:

dpm_suspend: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_suspend_noirq: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_resume_noirq: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_resume: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5
dpm_complete: c1a10998 [pcmcia_socket0] 5

Cc: <stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Tested-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
-- 
 drivers/pcmcia/ds.c |    4 +---
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c b/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c
index 749c2a1..1932029 100644
--- a/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c
+++ b/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c
@@ -1269,10 +1269,8 @@ static int pcmcia_bus_add(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
 
 static int pcmcia_bus_early_resume(struct pcmcia_socket *skt)
 {
-	if (!verify_cis_cache(skt)) {
-		pcmcia_put_socket(skt);
+	if (!verify_cis_cache(skt))
 		return 0;
-	}
 
 	dev_dbg(&skt->dev, "cis mismatch - different card\n");
 
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