Re: [PATCH v3 04/13] kmem accounting basic infrastructure

[Michal Hocko]

On Thu 27-09-12 07:33:00, Tejun Heo wrote:
> Hello, Michal.
> 
> On Thu, Sep 27, 2012 at 02:08:06PM +0200, Michal Hocko wrote:
> > Yes, because we have many users (basically almost all) who care only
> > about the user memory because that's what occupies the vast majority of
> > the memory. They usually want to isolate workload which would disrupt
> > the global memory otherwise (e.g. backup process vs. database). You
> > really do not want to pay an additional overhead for kmem accounting
> > here.
> 
> I'm not too convinced.  First of all, the overhead added by kmemcg
> isn't big. 

You are probably talking about memory overhead which is indeed not that
big (except for possible side effects as fragmentation which you mention
bellow). But the runtime overhead is present, as far as I understand from
what Glauber said. But, on the other hand, it is fair to say that those
who _want_ use the feature should pay for it.

> The hot path overhead is quite minimal - it doesn't do much more than
> indirecting one more time.  In terms of memory usage, it sure could
> lead to a bit more fragmentation but even if it gets to several megs
> per cgroup, I don't think that's something excessive.  So, there is
> overhead but I don't believe it to be prohibitive.

Remember that users do not want to pay even "something minimal" when the
feature is not needed.

> > > So your question for global vs local switch (that again, doesn't
> > > exist; only a local *limit* exists) should really be posed in the
> > > following way:  "Can two different use cases with different needs be
> > > hosted in the same box?"
> > 
> > I think this is a good and a relevant question. I think this boils down
> > to whether you want to have trusted and untrusted workloads at the same
> > machine.
> > Trusted loads usually only need user memory accounting because kmem
> > consumption should be really negligible (unless kernel is doing
> > something really stupid and no kmem limit will help here). 
> > On the other hand, untrusted workloads can do nasty things that
> > administrator has hard time to mitigate and setting a kmem limit can
> > help significantly.
> > 
> > IMHO such a different loads exist on a single machine quite often (Web
> > server and a back up process as the most simplistic one). The per
> > hierarchy accounting, therefore, sounds like a good idea without too
> > much added complexity (actually the only added complexity is in the
> > proper kmem.limit_in_bytes handling which is a single place).
> 
> The distinction between "trusted" and "untrusted" is something
> artificially created due to the assumed deficiency of kmemcg
> implementation.  

Not really. It doesn't have to do anything with the overhead (be it
memory or runtime). It really boils down to "do I need/want it at all".
Why would I want to think about how much kernel memory is in use in the
first place? Or do you think that user memory accounting should be
deprecated?

> Making things like this visible to userland is a bad
> idea because it locks us into a place where we can't or don't need to
> improve the said deficiencies and end up pushing the difficult
> problems to somewhere else where it will likely be implemented in a
> shabbier way.  There sure are cases when such approach simply cannot
> be avoided, but I really don't think that's the case here - the
> overhead already seems to be at an acceptable level and we're not
> taking away the escape switch.
> 
> This is userland visible API.  

I am not sure which API visible part you have in mind but
kmem.limit_in_bytes will be there whether we go with global knob or "no
limit no accounting" approach. 

> We better err on the side of being conservative than going overboard
> with flexibility.  Even if we eventually need to make this switching
> fullly hierarchical, we really should be doing,
> 
> 1. Implement simple global switching and look for problem cases.
> 
> 2. Analyze them and see whether the problem case can't be solved in a
>    better, more intelligent way.
> 
> 3. If the problem is something structurally inherent or reasonably too
>    difficult to solve any other way, consider dumping the problem as
>    config parameters to userland.
> 
> We can always expand the flexibility.  Let's do the simple thing
> first.  As an added bonus, it would enable using static_keys for
> accounting branches too.

While I do agree with you in general and being careful is at place in
this area as time shown several times, this seems to be too restrictive
in this particular case.
We won't save almost no code with the global knob so I am not sure
what we are actually saving here. Global knob will just give us all or
nothing semantic without making the whole thing simpler. You will stick
with static branches and checkes whether the group accountable anyway,
right?
-- 
Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs
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