[PATCH v3 3/5] I/O Hook: sysfs interface to emulate h/w events

[Rui Wang]

Add sysfs interface used to emulate h/w events. Here's how it works:

The sysfs interface can be used to add/delete Register Overrides with user-
defined values. The user can also specify which IRQ to be triggered via
Inter-Processor Interrupt (IPI) while the h/w registers are being overridden.
When the irq handler is triggered by the IPI it looks for the registers
specific to some h/w events. As long as the Register Overrides are setup
correctly, the irq  handler  will believe that the h/w is in a state
corresponding to a predefined interrupt, thus process the event.

This can be typically used to generate ACPI events, PCI interrupts, PCIe
AER injection etc., and can thus be used to help test RAS features like
the hotplug of CPU/MEM/IOH on machines that are not capable of generating
the events.

See Documentation/PCI/iohook.txt for usage details.

Signed-off-by: Rui Wang <rui.y.wang@xxxxxxxxx>
---
 Documentation/PCI/iohook.txt |  282 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 drivers/misc/iohook/iohook.c |  490 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 772 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/PCI/iohook.txt

diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/iohook.txt b/Documentation/PCI/iohook.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae9b4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/iohook.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+Emulating h/w events via iohook
+=================================
+
+1. Introduction
+2. How to use it
+3. Use cases
+
+1. Introduction
+---------------------
+I/O Hook is  a  mechanism to intercept  i/o register access  functions in the
+kernel. By overriding h/w register bits with user-defined bits in RAM called
+Register Overrides, it is possible to emulate h/w states without modifying
+the driver specific to that hardware.
+
+iohook is a driver that exports sysfs interface used to talk to the I/O Hook
+in the kernel in order to emulate h/w events. Here's how it works:
+
+The sysfs interface can be used to add/delete Register Overrides with user-
+defined values. The user can also specify which IRQ  to  be  triggered  via
+Inter-Processor Interrupt (IPI)  while  the  h/w registers are being over-
+ridden. When  the irq  handler  is  triggered  by  the IPI it looks for the
+registers specific to some h/w events. As long as the Register Overrides are
+setup correctly, the irq  handler  will believe that the h/w is in a state
+corresponding to a predefined interrupt, thus process the event.
+
+A Register Override can be defined in whatever bit-width, identified by its
+address, bitmask, initial value and attributes like read-only, read-write,
+write-clear, etc., similar to how a hardware register behaves when accessed.
+
+A Register Override may not use every bit in a byte. Its bitmask identifies
+which bits are used (overridden). The unused bits are accessed on the h/w
+and combined with the overridden bits to form the final result. The reason
+to support this combination is that many h/w events are controlled by only
+a few bits. For example the ACPI GPEx_STS and GPEx_EN are encoded such that
+each bit represents a different General Purpose Event. The user is supposed
+to fully understand the side-effect, if any, of reading adjacent bits when
+he or she adds a Register Override not in the entirety of a byte, a word, a
+dword, or a qword.
+
+iohook can be typically used to generate ACPI events, PCI interrupts, PCIe
+AER injection etc., and can thus be used to help test RAS features like
+the hotplug of CPU/MEM/IOH on machines that are not capable of generating
+these events.
+
+2. How to use it
+-------------------
+
+2.1 Kernel compilation and sysfs interface
+
+First compile the kernel with CONFIG_IO_HOOK. After the new kernel is loaded
+a directory subtree is created under /sys/kernel/debug/iohook
+
+bash# cd /sys/kernel/debug/iohook
+bash# ls
+io  irq  mem  pciconf  trigger
+
+Each file is used to manage a type of resource.
+'io' is used to add/show Register Overrides in IO port space.
+'mem' is used to add/show Register Overrides in memory space.
+'pciconf' is used to add/show Register Overrides in pci config space.
+'irq' is used to set the desired IRQ to be triggered via IPI.
+'trigger' is used to turn on/off the I/O Hook.
+
+2.2 Add Register Overrides
+
+A Register Override can be specified on the command line with the following
+syntax (all numbers are in hex without space between each element)
+
+for a Register Override in IO port or memory space, it's specified as:
+
+	address-length[value/mask]attribute
+
+for a Register Override in PCI config space, it's specified as:
+
+	domain|bus:dev.func+offset-length[value/mask]attribute
+
+where
+	address - the 64bit address of the h/w register to be overridden
+
+	length - the number of bytes affected. Affected here means that
+		 at least one bit in that byte is overridden. For 'length'
+		 less than 8, the overridden bits are determined by the
+		 corresponding bits set in 'mask'. Other bits are unaffected
+		 and accessed on the h/w. For 'length' >= 8 then 'mask' is
+		 ignored and the entire range of bytes are overridden to be
+		 a single value specified by the first byte of 'value'. This
+		 can be used, for example, to set the entire PCI Config
+		 space of a device to 0xff.
+
+	value -  the user-defined value to replace the content of the
+		 corresponding h/w register. for 'length' < 8, only the bits
+		 masked by 'mask' are used.
+
+	mask -   is the bit-mask specifying the bits to be overridden when
+		 'length' < 8.
+
+	attribute - used to specify the attribute of the overridden bits.
+		 It can be ro, rw, wc, rc to mean read-only, read-write,
+		 write-clear, and read-clear respectively.
+
+	domain - pci domain number
+	bus    - pci bus number
+	dev    - pci device number
+	func   - pci function number
+	offset - used to specify the offset of the affected bytes in the
+		 PCI config space.
+
+Multiple registers can be specified on one line with each separated by at
+least one space.  For example, to override two registers in IO space at port
+0x420 and port 0x428, with the former in write-clear mode and the latter in
+read-only mode:
+
+bash# cd /sys/kernel/debug/iohook
+bash# echo "420-1[04/04]wc 428-1[04/04]ro" > io
+The syntax is "address-length[value/mask]attribute".
+Since only one bit is overridden (mask is 0x04), the affected byte is 1.
+So 'length' is 1.
+
+As another example, to add two Register Overrides in the PCI config space of
+device 00:05.0 at offsets 0x130 and 0x134 respectively:
+
+bash# echo "0000|00:05.0+130-1[01/01]wc 0000|00:05.0+134-2[0500/ffff]ro">pciconf
+The syntax is "domain|bus:dev.func+offset-length[value/mask]attribute"
+The first register overrides only bit0 and the second register overrides the
+first 2 bytes (mask == 0xffff), with an initial value of 0x0500.
+
+Register Overrides are disabled when added. They can be enabled by using the
+'trigger' file. See below.
+
+2.3 Add IRQ and enable the Register Overrides
+
+To specify an IRQ to be triggered via IPI, just echo the IRQ number in decimal
+to the 'irq' file. For example:
+
+bash# cd /sys/kernel/debug/iohook
+bash# echo 9 > irq
+This specifies that IRQ9 be triggered after the Register Overrides are enabled.
+
+To enable the Register Overrides in the kernel:
+
+bash# echo 1 > trigger
+
+This immediately enables all the Register Overrides and if an IRQ number was
+specified, generate the IPI.
+
+To disable the Register Overrides in the kernel:
+
+bash echo 0 > trigger
+This immediately disables all Register Overrides. The kernel starts to see
+real h/w registers again. This does not delete the Register Overrides. They
+can be re-enabled again by echo 1 > trigger.
+
+3. Use cases
+-----------------
+
+3.1 Generate ACPI Events
+
+A typical use case is to generate ACPI events. Suppose we want to test IOH
+hotplug on a machine whose BIOS doesn't support it. We can override its DSDT
+and add a GPE to notify the OS the hot-add/removal of the IOH device. We can
+then use iohook to trigger the imaginary GPE and the OS will have to process
+the hotplug event. (For detailed instructions on how to override DSDT see
+Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt.) The following is an example:
+
+We first extract the DSDT
+bash # cat /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT > DSDT
+bash # iasl -d DSDT
+Now we have disassembled the DSDT into DSDT.dsl. We vi DSDT.dsl and notice
+that there's a IOH device named \_SB.IOH1. Since GPEs are named _Lxx with xx
+being the GPE numbers, we notice that there's no _L02 in DSDT.dsl, so we can
+use this spare GPE to notify the OS the hotplug of \_SB.IOH1. We add a new
+method in DSDT.dsl:
+
+    Method (_L02, 0, NotSerialized) // _Lxx: Level-Triggered GPE
+    {
+	Notify (\_SB.IOH1, 0x0)     // 0x0: hot-add event
+    }
+
+ACPI uses a single interrupt (SCI) to dispatch all GPEs. The SCI IRQ number
+can be found from:
+
+bash # grep acpi /proc/interrupts | awk '{ print $1; }'
+9:
+
+which means SCI is IRQ9. What we need to do is to generate IRQ9 via IPI and
+cause the SCI interrupt handler to call _L02. How can we do that? Each _Lxx
+has a status bit in GPEx_STS to reflect if it is asserted and a controlling
+bit in GPEx_EN to reflect if it is enabled. The SCI interrupt handler reads
+GPEx_STS and GPEx_EN to decide whether to call a _Lxx. A _Lxx is called  if
+it is both enabled and asserted. We can use Register Overrides  to override
+the bits controlling _L02 in GPEx_STS and GPEx_EN so that the  SCI  handler
+will believe that _L02 is asserted and  enabled, thus it will call the ACPI
+method that we added.
+
+_L02's controlling bits are in GPE0_STS and GPE0_EN, whose addresses can be
+found from FACP as follows.
+
+bash # cat /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/FACP > FACP
+bash # iasl -d FACP
+bash # grep GPE FACP.dsl
+[050h 080  4]           GPE0 Block Address : 00000420
+[054h 084  4]           GPE1 Block Address : 00000000
+[05Ch 092  1]            GPE0 Block Length : 10
+
+So according to FACP, GPE0 block is at port 0x420; GPE0 block length is 0x10.
+GPE0_STS/GPE0_EN each occupies half the block length, with GPE0_STS at 0x420
+and GPE0_EN at 0x428. _L02 is controlled by bit2 of each of them. We need to
+override bit2 of both IO port 0x420 and IO port 0x428.
+
+Before adding the Register Override we need to replace the DSDT provided by
+BIOS with our modified DSDT.dsl, by following initrd_table_override.txt.
+Once the new DSDT is injected into initrd we reboot the system and add the
+Register Override as follows.
+
+bash # cd /sys/kernel/debug/iohook/
+bash # echo "420-1[4/4]wc 428-1[4/4]ro" > io
+bash # echo 9 > irq
+bash # echo 1 > trigger
+
+The last command immediately triggers the _L02 method that we provided and
+Linux sees a hot-add ACPI event for the IOH device.
+
+
+3.2 Generate PCIe Native Hotplug
+
+The pciehp driver allocates an irq to handle each native PCIe hotplug slot.
+The driver prints the status of each hotplug slot when debugging is enabled
+so we can see which irq it's using.
+
+bash # modprobe pciehp pciehp_debug=1
+
+dmesg shows:
+
+pciehp 0000:00:1c.0:pcie04: Hotplug Controller:
+pciehp 0000:00:1c.0:pcie04:   Seg/Bus/Dev/Func/IRQ : 0000:00:1c.0 IRQ 70
+
+So we pick this hotplug slot at 00:1c.0 which uses IRQ70. Its PCIe Slot
+Status Register is at offset 0x5a of its pci config space. We can easily
+inject a Hot-Add (Presence Detect) event into the system by adding a
+Register Override to override the register at offset 0x5a in the PCI config
+space of 00:1c.0
+
+bash # cd /sys/kernel/debug/iohook/
+bash # echo "00|00:1c.0+5a-1[48/ff]wc" > pciconf
+bash # echo 70 > irq
+bash # echo 1 > trigger
+
+dmesg shows:
+
+pciehp 0000:00:1c.0:pcie04: Card present on Slot(1)
+pciehp 0000:00:1c.0:pcie04: Device 0000:0f:00.0 already exists at 0000:0f:00,
+cannot hot-add
+pciehp 0000:00:1c.0:pcie04: Cannot add device at 0000:0f:00
+
+We can also inject an Attention Button Pressed event:
+
+bash # echo "00|00:1c.0+5a-1[41/ff]wc" > pciconf
+bash # echo 70 > irq
+bash # echo 1 > trigger
+
+dmesg shows:
+
+pciehp 0000:00:1c.0:pcie04: Button pressed on Slot(1)
+pciehp 0000:00:1c.0:pcie04: PCI slot #1 - powering off due to button press
+
+3.3 PCIe AER error injection
+
+The aerdrv driver allocates a few irqs to handle AER. Each of them handles a
+PCIe root port device. In an example aerdrv uses irq66 to handle AER on root
+port 00:05.0. As seen in lspci, the AER capability is at offset 0x100 of its
+pci config space. So the Root Error Status Register is at offset 0x130, and
+the Error Source Identification Register is at offset 0x134. We can inject a
+Correctable Error with a source id to identify its child at 05:00.0.
+
+bash # cd /sys/kernel/debug/iohook/
+bash # echo "00|00:05.0+130-1[01/01]wc 00|00:05.0+134-2[0500/ffff]ro" > pciconf
+bash # echo 66 > irq
+bash # echo 1 > trigger
+
+dmesg shows:
+pcieport 0000:00:05.0: AER: Corrected error received: id=0500
+
diff --git a/drivers/misc/iohook/iohook.c b/drivers/misc/iohook/iohook.c
index d8c41d0..5584eb7 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/iohook/iohook.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/iohook/iohook.c
@@ -1,10 +1,34 @@
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
+#include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+#include <linux/ftrace.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+#include <asm/apic.h>
+#include <asm/io_apic.h>
+#include <asm/irq.h>
+#include <asm/idle.h>
+#include <asm/mce.h>
+#include <asm/hw_irq.h>
 #include <linux/reg_ovrd.h>
 #include <linux/pci.h>
 #include "iohook.h"
 
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+static struct dentry *hook_irq_dentry;
+static struct dentry *hook_reg_dentry;
+
 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(io_hook_lock);
 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(engine_lock);
 
@@ -541,3 +565,469 @@ int write_ovrd_common(int spaceid, u64 address, int len, void *data, void *bus)
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_ovrd_common);
+
+static void trigger_irq_by_ipi(unsigned long irqnum)
+{
+	struct irq_desc *desc;
+	struct irq_data *data;
+	struct irq_chip *chip;
+
+	desc = irq_to_desc(irqnum);
+	data = irq_desc_get_irq_data(desc);
+	chip = irq_data_get_irq_chip(data);
+
+	raw_spin_lock(&desc->lock);
+
+	if (chip->irq_retrigger)
+		chip->irq_retrigger(data);
+	else
+		pr_err("platform doesn't support irq_retrigger?\n");
+
+	raw_spin_unlock(&desc->lock);
+
+}
+
+/* currently only one irq can be triggered */
+int	g_irq_num;
+
+ssize_t hook_trigger_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t cnt,
+		loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char buf[64];		/* big enough to hold a number */
+	int r;
+
+	r = sprintf(buf, "%u\n", iohook_get_status() ? 1 : 0);
+	return simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, r);
+
+}
+
+static ssize_t hook_trigger_write(struct file *file,
+	const char __user *user_buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char *trigger = NULL;
+	unsigned long on, ret = -EINVAL;
+
+	trigger = kmalloc(count+1, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (!trigger) {
+		pr_err("hook_trigger: Memory allocation failed\n");
+		return count;
+	}
+	trigger[count] = '\0';
+	if (copy_from_user(trigger, user_buf, count))
+		goto end;
+	ret = kstrtoul(trigger, 10, &on);
+	if (ret)
+		goto end;
+
+	if (on == 1) {
+		iohook_start_ovrd();
+		if (g_irq_num)
+			trigger_irq_by_ipi(g_irq_num);
+	} else if (on == 0) {
+		iohook_stop_ovrd();
+	}
+end:
+	kfree(trigger);
+	return count;
+}
+
+ssize_t hook_irq_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t cnt,
+		loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char buf[64];		/* big enough to hold a number */
+	int r;
+
+	r = sprintf(buf, "%u\n", g_irq_num);
+	return simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, r);
+}
+
+static ssize_t hook_irq_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buf,
+			size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char *irq = NULL;
+	unsigned long irqnum, ret;
+
+	irq = kmalloc(count+1, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (!irq) {
+		pr_err("hook_irq_write: Memory allocation failed\n");
+		return count;
+	}
+	irq[count] = '\0';
+	if (copy_from_user(irq, user_buf, count))
+		goto end;
+	ret = kstrtoul(irq, 10, &irqnum);
+	if (ret) {
+		pr_err("bogus irq number? %s\n", irq);
+		goto end;
+	}
+	if (irqnum > NR_IRQS) {
+		pr_err("irq num too big: %lu\n", irqnum);
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	g_irq_num = irqnum;
+end:
+	kfree(irq);
+	return count;
+}
+
+struct hook_iter {
+	int spaceid; /* io/mem/pciconf */
+};
+
+static void
+hook_seq_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *it)
+{
+}
+
+static void *
+hook_seq_next(struct seq_file *s, void *it, loff_t *offset)
+{
+	struct hook_iter *iter = s->private;
+	int idx;
+	struct reg_ovrd *regmap;
+
+	idx = *offset;
+	regmap = iohook_query_ovrd(iter->spaceid, idx);
+	if (regmap)
+		(*offset)++;
+
+	return regmap;
+}
+
+static void *
+hook_seq_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *offset)
+{
+	return hook_seq_next(s, NULL, offset);
+}
+
+char *hook_attrib(int attrib)
+{
+	switch (attrib) {
+	case OVRD_RO:
+		return "ro";
+	case OVRD_RW:
+		return "rw";
+	case OVRD_WC:
+		return "wc";
+	case OVRD_RC:
+		return "rc";
+	}
+
+	return "(null)";
+
+}
+
+static int
+hook_seq_show(struct seq_file *s, void *it)
+{
+	struct hook_iter *iter = s->private;
+	struct reg_ovrd *regmap;
+
+	regmap = (struct reg_ovrd *)it;
+	switch (iter->spaceid) {
+	case OVRD_SPACE_IO:
+	case OVRD_SPACE_MEM:
+		seq_printf(s,
+		"addr: 0x%llx lenght: 0x%x value: 0x%llx mask: 0x%llx attrib: %s\n",
+			regmap->address, regmap->length, regmap->val,
+			regmap->bit_mask, hook_attrib(regmap->attrib));
+		break;
+	case OVRD_SPACE_PCICONF:
+		seq_printf(s,
+			"pciconf: 0x%04x|%02x:%02x.%02x offset: 0x%x lenght: 0x%x value: 0x%llx mask: 0x%llx attrib: %s\n",
+			PCI_DECODE_DOMAIN(regmap->address),
+			PCI_DECODE_BUSN(regmap->address),
+			PCI_SLOT(PCI_DECODE_DEVFN(regmap->address)),
+			PCI_FUNC(PCI_DECODE_DEVFN(regmap->address)),
+			PCI_DECODE_POS(regmap->address), regmap->length,
+			regmap->val,
+			regmap->bit_mask, hook_attrib(regmap->attrib));
+		break;
+	default:
+		seq_puts(s, "error: unknown spaceid\n");
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct seq_operations hook_seq_ops = {
+	.start = hook_seq_start,
+	.stop  = hook_seq_stop,
+	.next  = hook_seq_next,
+	.show  = hook_seq_show,
+};
+
+static int
+hook_io_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct hook_iter *iter;
+
+	iter = __seq_open_private(file, &hook_seq_ops,
+				sizeof(struct hook_iter));
+	if (iter)
+		iter->spaceid = OVRD_SPACE_IO;
+
+	return iter ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static int
+hook_mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct hook_iter *iter;
+
+	iter = __seq_open_private(file, &hook_seq_ops,
+				sizeof(struct hook_iter));
+	if (iter)
+		iter->spaceid = OVRD_SPACE_MEM;
+
+	return iter ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static int
+hook_pciconf_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct hook_iter *iter;
+
+	iter = __seq_open_private(file, &hook_seq_ops,
+				sizeof(struct hook_iter));
+	if (iter)
+		iter->spaceid = OVRD_SPACE_PCICONF;
+
+	return iter ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IO & MEM entries are formatted as follows (all values are in hex):
+ *
+ * address-length[value/mask]attrib
+ *
+ * For example: 420-1[20/20]rw
+ * It means io port 0x420, 1 byte, value 0x20, mask 0x20, read/write
+ * PCI config entries are formatted as (all values are in hex):
+ *
+ * domain|bus:dev.func+offset-length[value/mask]attrib
+ *
+ * For example: 0000|00:1e.0+10-4[fe930000/ffffffff]rw
+ * It means pci domain 0, bus 0, dev 1e, func 0, offset 10, 4 bytes
+ * with a overridden value of 0xfe930000, mask 0xffffffff, read/write
+ */
+static int
+hook_parse_entry(char *entry, int spaceid)
+{
+	char *field;
+	u64 address, length, value, mask;
+	unsigned long domain, bus, dev, func;
+	int attrib, ret;
+	u16 cval;
+
+	if (spaceid != OVRD_SPACE_PCICONF)
+		goto mem_io;
+
+	field = strsep(&entry, "|");
+	ret = kstrtoul(field, 16, &domain);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+
+	field = strsep(&entry, ":");
+	ret = kstrtoul(field, 16, &bus);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+
+	field = strsep(&entry, ".");
+	ret = kstrtoul(field, 16, &dev);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+
+	field = strsep(&entry, "+");
+	ret = kstrtoul(field, 16, &func);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+
+mem_io:
+	field = strsep(&entry, "-");
+	ret = kstrtoull(field, 16, &address);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+
+	pr_info("parse_hook_entry() address=0x%llx\n", address);
+
+	field = strsep(&entry, "[");
+	ret = kstrtoull(field, 16, &length);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+
+	pr_info("parse_hook_entry() length=0x%llx\n", length);
+
+	field = strsep(&entry, "/");
+	ret = kstrtoull(field, 16, &value);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+	pr_info("parse_hook_entry() value=0x%llx\n", value);
+
+	field = strsep(&entry, "]");
+	ret = kstrtoull(field, 16, &mask);
+	if (ret || !entry)
+		return -1;
+	pr_info("parse_hook_entry() mask=0x%llx\n", mask);
+
+	cval = (*(u16 *)entry);
+	pr_info("parse_hook_entry() attrib:%s, cval=0x%x\n",
+		entry, cval);
+	if (cval == *(u16 *)"ro")
+		attrib = OVRD_RO;
+	else if (cval == *(u16 *)"rw")
+		attrib = OVRD_RW;
+	else if (cval == *(u16 *)"rc")
+		attrib = OVRD_RC;
+	else if (cval == *(u16 *)"wc")
+		attrib = OVRD_WC;
+	else
+		return -1;
+
+	if (spaceid == OVRD_SPACE_PCICONF) {
+		address = PCI_ENCODE_ADDR(domain, bus, PCI_DEVFN(dev, func),
+			address);
+	}
+
+	iohook_add_ovrd(spaceid, address, value, mask, length, attrib);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+hook_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buf,
+		 size_t user_len, loff_t *offset, int spaceid)
+{
+	char *buf, *pstr, *entry;
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	if (*offset)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	buf = vzalloc(user_len + 1);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (strncpy_from_user(buf, user_buf, user_len) < 0) {
+		rc = -EFAULT;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	/* first delete all overridden registers */
+	iohook_cleanup_ovrd(spaceid);
+
+	buf[user_len] = '\0';
+	pstr = buf;
+	while (pstr && *pstr) {
+		pstr = skip_spaces(pstr);
+		entry = strsep(&pstr, " \t\x0D\x0A");
+		pr_info("hook_write input: %s\n", entry);
+		if (hook_parse_entry(entry, spaceid)) {
+			rc = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+	}
+
+	rc = user_len;
+
+out_free:
+	vfree(buf);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+hook_io_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buf,
+		 size_t user_len, loff_t *offset)
+{
+
+	return hook_write(file, user_buf, user_len, offset, OVRD_SPACE_IO);
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+hook_mem_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buf,
+		 size_t user_len, loff_t *offset)
+{
+
+	return hook_write(file, user_buf, user_len, offset, OVRD_SPACE_MEM);
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+hook_pciconf_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buf,
+		 size_t user_len, loff_t *offset)
+{
+
+	return hook_write(file, user_buf, user_len, offset, OVRD_SPACE_PCICONF);
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations hook_io_fops = {
+	.open = hook_io_open,
+	.read = seq_read,
+	.llseek = seq_lseek,
+	.release = seq_release_private,
+	.write = hook_io_write,
+};
+
+static const struct file_operations hook_mem_fops = {
+	.open = hook_mem_open,
+	.read = seq_read,
+	.llseek = seq_lseek,
+	.release = seq_release_private,
+	.write = hook_mem_write,
+};
+
+static const struct file_operations hook_pciconf_fops = {
+	.open = hook_pciconf_open,
+	.read = seq_read,
+	.llseek = seq_lseek,
+	.release = seq_release_private,
+	.write = hook_pciconf_write,
+};
+
+static const struct file_operations hook_irq_fops = {
+	.read = hook_irq_read,
+	.write = hook_irq_write,
+};
+
+static const struct file_operations hook_trigger_fops = {
+	.read = hook_trigger_read,
+	.write = hook_trigger_write,
+};
+
+static int __init iohook_init(void)
+{
+	struct dentry *root;
+
+	root = debugfs_create_dir("iohook", NULL);
+	if (root == NULL)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	hook_irq_dentry = debugfs_create_file("irq", S_IWUSR,
+				root, NULL, &hook_irq_fops);
+	if (hook_irq_dentry == NULL)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	hook_reg_dentry = debugfs_create_file("io", S_IWUSR,
+				root, NULL, &hook_io_fops);
+	if (hook_reg_dentry == NULL)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	hook_reg_dentry = debugfs_create_file("mem", S_IWUSR,
+				root, NULL, &hook_mem_fops);
+	if (hook_reg_dentry == NULL)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	hook_reg_dentry = debugfs_create_file("pciconf", S_IWUSR,
+				root, NULL, &hook_pciconf_fops);
+	if (hook_reg_dentry == NULL)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	hook_reg_dentry = debugfs_create_file("trigger", S_IWUSR,
+				root, NULL, &hook_trigger_fops);
+	if (hook_reg_dentry == NULL)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+device_initcall(iohook_init);
-- 
1.7.5.4

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