[RFC PATCH v3 24/26] early kprobes: core logic to support early kprobe on ftrace.

[Wang Nan]

This is the main patch to support early kprobes on ftrace.

Utilizes previous introduced ftrace update notification chain to fix
possible ftrace code modifition failuer.

For early kprobes on ftrace, register ftrace_notifier_call() to ftrace
update notifier to receive ftrace code conversion failures.

When registering early kprobes, uses check_kprobe_address_safe() to
check whether it is an ftrace entries and uses
ftrace_process_loc_early() to convert such instruction to nop before
ftrace inited. Previous ftrace patches make such checking and
modification possible.

When ftrace doing the NOP conversion, give x86 a chance to adjust probed
nop instruction by calling arch_fix_ftrace_early_kprobe().

When ftrace trying to enable the probed ftrace entry, restores the NOP
instruction. There are 2 different situations. Case 1:  ftrace is
enabled by ftrace_filter= option. In this case the early kprobe will
stop work until kprobe fully initialized.  Case 2: registering ftrace
events during converting early kprobe to normal kprobe. Event losing is
possible, but in case 2 the window should be small enough.

After kprobe fully initialized, converts early kprobes on ftrace to
normal kprobe on ftrace by first restoring ftrace then register ftrace
event on them. Conversion is splitted into two parts. The first part
does some checking and converting kprobes on ftrace. The second part is
wrapped by stop_machine() to avoid losting events during list
manipulation. kprobes_initialized is also set in stop_machine() context
to avoid event losing.

Signed-off-by: Wang Nan <wangnan0@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
 include/linux/kprobes.h |   1 +
 kernel/kprobes.c        | 247 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 225 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/kprobes.h b/include/linux/kprobes.h
index e615402..8f4d344 100644
--- a/include/linux/kprobes.h
+++ b/include/linux/kprobes.h
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ struct kprobe {
 				   */
 #define KPROBE_FLAG_FTRACE	8 /* probe is using ftrace */
 #define KPROBE_FLAG_EARLY	16 /* early kprobe */
+#define KPROBE_FLAG_RESTORED	32 /* temporarily restored to its original insn */
 
 /* Has this kprobe gone ? */
 static inline int kprobe_gone(struct kprobe *p)
diff --git a/kernel/kprobes.c b/kernel/kprobes.c
index 0bbb510..edac74b 100644
--- a/kernel/kprobes.c
+++ b/kernel/kprobes.c
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
+#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
 
 #include <asm-generic/sections.h>
 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
@@ -2239,11 +2240,24 @@ static int __init init_kprobes(void)
 	if (!err)
 		err = register_module_notifier(&kprobe_module_nb);
 
-	convert_early_kprobes();
-	kprobes_initialized = (err == 0);
-
-	if (!err)
+	if (!err) {
+		/*
+		 * Let convert_early_kprobes setup kprobes_initialized
+		 * to 1 in stop_machine() context. If not, we may lost
+		 * events from kprobe on ftrace happens in the gap.
+		 *
+		 * kprobe_ftrace_handler() use get_kprobe() to retrive
+		 * kprobe being triggered, which depends on
+		 * kprobes_is_early() to determine hlist used for
+		 * searching. convert_early_kprobes() relike early
+		 * kprobes to normal hlist. If event raises after that
+		 * before setting kprobes_initialized, get_kprobe()
+		 * will retrive incorrect list.
+		 */
+		convert_early_kprobes();
 		init_test_probes();
+	}
+
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2540,11 +2554,127 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(jprobe_return);
 void __weak arch_fix_ftrace_early_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *p)
 {
 }
+
+static int restore_optimized_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *op)
+{
+	/* If it already restored, pass it to other. */
+	if (op->kp.flags & KPROBE_FLAG_RESTORED)
+		return NOTIFY_DONE;
+
+	get_online_cpus();
+	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
+	arch_restore_optimized_kprobe(op);
+	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
+	put_online_cpus();
+
+	op->kp.flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_RESTORED;
+	return NOTIFY_STOP;
+}
+
+static int ftrace_notifier_call(struct notifier_block *nb,
+		unsigned long val, void *param)
+{
+	struct ftrace_update_notifier_info *info = param;
+	struct optimized_kprobe *op;
+	struct dyn_ftrace *rec;
+	struct kprobe *kp;
+	int enable;
+	void *addr;
+	int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;
+
+	if (!info || !info->rec || !info->rec->ip)
+		return NOTIFY_DONE;
+
+	rec = info->rec;
+	enable = info->enable;
+	addr = (void *)rec->ip;
+
+	mutex_lock(&kprobe_mutex);
+	kp = get_kprobe(addr);
+	mutex_unlock(&kprobe_mutex);
+
+	if (!kp || !kprobe_aggrprobe(kp))
+		return NOTIFY_DONE;
+
+	op = container_of(kp, struct optimized_kprobe, kp);
+	/*
+	 * Ftrace is trying to convert ftrace entries to nop
+	 * instruction. This conversion should have already been done
+	 * at register_early_kprobe(). x86 needs fixing here.
+	 */
+	if (!(rec->flags & FTRACE_FL_ENABLED) && (!enable)) {
+		arch_fix_ftrace_early_kprobe(op);
+		return NOTIFY_STOP;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ftrace is trying to enable a trace entry. We temporary
+	 * restore the probed instruction.
+	 * We can continue using this kprobe as a ftrace-based kprobe,
+	 * but event between this restoring and early kprobe conversion
+	 * will get lost.
+	 */
+	if (!(rec->flags & FTRACE_FL_ENABLED) && enable) {
+		ret = restore_optimized_kprobe(op);
+
+		/* Let ftrace retry if restore is successful. */
+		if (ret == NOTIFY_STOP)
+			info->retry = true;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	return NOTIFY_DONE;
+}
+
+static struct notifier_block ftrace_notifier_block = {
+	.notifier_call = ftrace_notifier_call,
+};
+static bool ftrace_notifier_registred = false;
+
+static int enable_early_kprobe_on_ftrace(struct kprobe *p)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (!ftrace_notifier_registred) {
+		err = register_ftrace_update_notifier(&ftrace_notifier_block);
+		if (err) {
+			pr_err("Failed to register ftrace update notifier\n");
+			return err;
+		}
+		ftrace_notifier_registred = true;
+	}
+
+	err = ftrace_process_loc_early((unsigned long)p->addr);
+	if (err)
+		pr_err("Failed to process ftrace entry at %p\n", p->addr);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* Caller must ensure kprobe_aggrprobe(kp). */
+static void convert_early_ftrace_kprobe_top(struct optimized_kprobe *op)
+{
+	restore_optimized_kprobe(op);
+	arm_kprobe_ftrace(&op->kp);
+}
+
+#else
+static inline int enable_early_kprobe_on_ftrace(struct kprobe *__unused)
+{ return 0; }
+
+/*
+ * If CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE is off this function should never get called,
+ * so let it trigger a warning.
+ */
+static inline void convert_early_ftrace_kprobe_top(struct optimized_kprobe *__unused)
+{
+	WARN_ON(1);
+}
 #endif
 
 static int register_early_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
 {
 	struct early_kprobe_slot *slot;
+	struct module *probed_mod;
 	int err;
 
 	if (p->break_handler || p->post_handler)
@@ -2552,13 +2682,25 @@ static int register_early_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
 	if (p->flags & KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	err = check_kprobe_address_safe(p, &probed_mod);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	BUG_ON(probed_mod);
+
+	if (kprobe_ftrace(p)) {
+		err = enable_early_kprobe_on_ftrace(p);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
 	slot = ek_alloc_early_kprobe();
 	if (!slot) {
 		pr_err("No enough early kprobe slots.\n");
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	p->flags &= KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED;
+	p->flags &= KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED | KPROBE_FLAG_FTRACE;
 	p->flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_EARLY;
 	p->nmissed = 0;
 
@@ -2599,45 +2741,104 @@ free_slot:
 }
 
 static void
-convert_early_kprobe(struct kprobe *kp)
+convert_early_kprobe_top(struct kprobe *kp)
 {
 	struct module *probed_mod;
+	struct optimized_kprobe *op;
 	int err;
 
 	BUG_ON(!kprobe_aggrprobe(kp));
+	op = container_of(kp, struct optimized_kprobe, kp);
 
 	err = check_kprobe_address_safe(kp, &probed_mod);
 	if (err)
 		panic("Insert kprobe at %p is not safe!", kp->addr);
+	BUG_ON(probed_mod);
 
-	/*
-	 * FIXME:
-	 * convert kprobe to ftrace if CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE is on
-	 * and kp is on ftrace location.
-	 */
+	if (kprobe_ftrace(kp))
+		convert_early_ftrace_kprobe_top(op);
+}
 
-	mutex_lock(&kprobe_mutex);
-	hlist_del_rcu(&kp->hlist);
+static void
+convert_early_kprobes_top(void)
+{
+	struct kprobe *p;
+
+	hlist_for_each_entry(p, &early_kprobe_hlist, hlist)
+		convert_early_kprobe_top(p);
+}
+
+static LIST_HEAD(early_freeing_list);
+
+static void
+convert_early_kprobe_stop_machine(struct kprobe *kp)
+{
+	struct optimized_kprobe *op;
 
+	BUG_ON(!kprobe_aggrprobe(kp));
+	op = container_of(kp, struct optimized_kprobe, kp);
+
+	if ((kprobe_ftrace(kp)) && (list_is_singular(&op->kp.list))) {
+		/* Update kp */
+		kp = list_entry(op->kp.list.next, struct kprobe, list);
+
+		hlist_replace_rcu(&op->kp.hlist, &kp->hlist);
+		list_del_init(&kp->list);
+
+		op->kp.flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED;
+		list_add(&op->list, &early_freeing_list);
+	}
+
+	hlist_del_rcu(&kp->hlist);
 	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&kp->hlist);
 	hlist_add_head_rcu(&kp->hlist,
-		       &kprobe_table[hash_ptr(kp->addr, KPROBE_HASH_BITS)]);
-	mutex_unlock(&kprobe_mutex);
-
-	if (probed_mod)
-		module_put(probed_mod);
+			&kprobe_table[hash_ptr(kp->addr, KPROBE_HASH_BITS)]);
 }
 
-static void
-convert_early_kprobes(void)
+static int
+convert_early_kprobes_stop_machine(void *__unused)
 {
 	struct kprobe *p;
 	struct hlist_node *tmp;
 
 	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(p, tmp, &early_kprobe_hlist, hlist)
-		convert_early_kprobe(p);
+		convert_early_kprobe_stop_machine(p);
+
+	/*
+	 * See comment in init_kprobes(). We must set
+	 * kprobes_initialized in stop_machine() context.
+	 */
+	kprobes_initialized = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+convert_early_kprobes(void)
+{
+	struct optimized_kprobe *op, *tmp;
+
+	mutex_lock(&kprobe_mutex);
+
+	convert_early_kprobes_top();
+
+	get_online_cpus();
+	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
+
+	stop_machine(convert_early_kprobes_stop_machine, NULL, NULL);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
+	put_online_cpus();
+	mutex_unlock(&kprobe_mutex);
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(op, tmp, &early_freeing_list, list) {
+		list_del_init(&op->list);
+		free_aggr_kprobe(&op->kp);
+	}
 };
 #else
-static int register_early_kprobe(struct kprobe *p) { return -ENOSYS; }
-static void convert_early_kprobes(void) {};
+static inline int register_early_kprobe(struct kprobe *p) { return -ENOSYS; }
+static inline void convert_early_kprobes(void)
+{
+	kprobes_initialized = 1;
+}
 #endif
-- 
1.8.4

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