[PATCH v9 3/4] cgroups: allow a cgroup subsystem to reject a fork

From: Aleksa Sarai
Date: Sat Apr 11 2015 - 20:52:50 EST

Add a new cgroup subsystem callback can_fork that conditionally
states whether or not the fork is accepted or rejected by a cgroup
policy. In addition, add a cancel_fork callback so that if an error
occurs later in the forking process, any state modified by can_fork can
be reverted.

Allow for a private opaque pointer to be passed from the cgroup_can_fork
to cgroup_post_fork, allowing for the fork state to be stored by each
subsystem separately.

In order for a subsystem to know that a task associated with a cgroup
hierarchy is being migrated to another hierarchy, add a detach callback
to the subsystem which is run after the migration has been confirmed but
before the old_cset's refcount is dropped. This is necessary in order
for a subsystem to be able to keep a proper count of how many tasks are
associated with that subsystem.

Also add a tagging system for cgroup_subsys.h to allow for CGROUP_<TAG>
enumerations to be be defined and used (as well as CGROUP_<TAG>_COUNT).

This is in preparation for implementing the pids cgroup subsystem.

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/cgroup.h | 67 +++++++++++++++++++++-----
include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h | 38 +++++++++++++++
kernel/cgroup.c | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
kernel/cgroup_freezer.c | 2 +-
kernel/fork.c | 19 +++++++-
kernel/sched/core.c | 2 +-
6 files changed, 209 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup.h b/include/linux/cgroup.h
index b9cb94c..51c7c6c 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup.h
@@ -25,6 +25,39 @@

#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS

+#define _JOIN(left, right) left ## right
+#define JOIN(left, right) _JOIN(left, right)
+#define UNUSED_IDENT(_i) JOIN(JOIN(__unused_ident, __COUNTER__), _ ## _i)
+
+/* define the enumeration of all cgroup subsystems */
+enum cgroup_subsys_id {
+#define SUBSYS(_x) _x ## _cgrp_id,
+#include <linux/cgroup_subsys.h>
+#undef SUBSYS
+ CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT,
+};
+
+/* list of all tags for subsystems */
+enum cgroup_subsys_tag {
+#define TAG_ID(_t) CGROUP_ ## _t
+#define SUBSYS(_x) UNUSED_IDENT(_x),
+#define TAG(_t) TAG_ID(_t), \
+ UNUSED_IDENT(_t) = TAG_ID(_t) - 2,
+#define _COUNT(_t, _i) _i, \
+ CGROUP_ ## _t ## _COUNT = (TAG_ID(_t ## _END) - TAG_ID(_t ## _START)) + 1, \
+ UNUSED_IDENT(_t) = _i - 1,
+#define COUNT(_t) _COUNT(_t, UNUSED_IDENT(_t))
+#include <linux/cgroup_subsys.h>
+#undef COUNT
+#undef TAG
+#undef SUBSYS
+#undef TAG_ID
+};
+
+#undef UNUSED_IDENT
+#undef JOIN
+#undef _JOIN
+
struct cgroup_root;
struct cgroup_subsys;
struct cgroup;
@@ -32,7 +65,12 @@ struct cgroup;
extern int cgroup_init_early(void);
extern int cgroup_init(void);
extern void cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *p);
-extern void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *p);
+extern int cgroup_can_fork(struct task_struct *p,
+ void *ss_state[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT]);
+extern void cgroup_cancel_fork(struct task_struct *p,
+ void *ss_state[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT]);
+extern void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *p,
+ void *old_ss_state[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT]);
extern void cgroup_exit(struct task_struct *p);
extern int cgroupstats_build(struct cgroupstats *stats,
struct dentry *dentry);
@@ -40,14 +78,6 @@ extern int cgroupstats_build(struct cgroupstats *stats,
extern int proc_cgroup_show(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *tsk);

-/* define the enumeration of all cgroup subsystems */
-#define SUBSYS(_x) _x ## _cgrp_id,
-enum cgroup_subsys_id {
-#include <linux/cgroup_subsys.h>
- CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT,
-};
-#undef SUBSYS
-
/*
* Per-subsystem/per-cgroup state maintained by the system. This is the
* fundamental structural building block that controllers deal with.
@@ -649,7 +679,11 @@ struct cgroup_subsys {
struct cgroup_taskset *tset);
void (*attach)(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
struct cgroup_taskset *tset);
- void (*fork)(struct task_struct *task);
+ void (*detach)(struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css,
+ struct task_struct *task);
+ int (*can_fork)(struct task_struct *task, void **private);
+ void (*cancel_fork)(struct task_struct *task, void *private);
+ void (*fork)(struct task_struct *task, void *private);
void (*exit)(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css,
struct task_struct *task);
@@ -943,12 +977,19 @@ struct cgroup_subsys_state *css_tryget_online_from_dir(struct dentry *dentry,

#else /* !CONFIG_CGROUPS */

-struct cgroup_subsys_state;
-
static inline int cgroup_init_early(void) { return 0; }
static inline int cgroup_init(void) { return 0; }
static inline void cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *p) {}
-static inline void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *p) {}
+static inline int cgroup_can_fork(struct task_struct *p,
+ void *s[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT])
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+static inline void cgroup_cancel_fork(struct task_struct *p,
+ void *s[CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT]) {}
+static inline void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *p,
+ void *s[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT]) {}
+
static inline void cgroup_exit(struct task_struct *p) {}

static inline int cgroupstats_build(struct cgroupstats *stats,
diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h
index e4a96fb..1a5a9aa 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h
@@ -3,6 +3,21 @@
*
* DO NOT ADD ANY SUBSYSTEM WITHOUT EXPLICIT ACKS FROM CGROUP MAINTAINERS.
*/
+#ifndef SUBSYS
+# define __TMP_SUBSYS
+# define SUBSYS(_x)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TAG
+# define __TMP_TAG
+# define TAG(_t)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef COUNT
+# define __TMP_COUNT
+# define COUNT(_t)
+#endif
+
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CPUSETS)
SUBSYS(cpuset)
#endif
@@ -48,11 +63,34 @@ SUBSYS(hugetlb)
#endif

/*
+ * Subsystems that implement the can_fork() family of callbacks.
+ */
+TAG(PREFORK_START)
+TAG(PREFORK_END)
+COUNT(PREFORK)
+
+/*
* The following subsystems are not supported on the default hierarchy.
*/
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CGROUP_DEBUG)
SUBSYS(debug)
#endif
+
+#ifdef __TMP_SUBSYS
+# undef __TMP_SUBSYS
+# undef SUBSYS
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __TMP_TAG
+# undef __TMP_TAG
+# undef TAG
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __TMP_COUNT
+# undef __TMP_COUNT
+# undef COUNT
+#endif
+
/*
* DO NOT ADD ANY SUBSYSTEM WITHOUT EXPLICIT ACKS FROM CGROUP MAINTAINERS.
*/
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup.c
index abd491f..c971885 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup.c
@@ -176,14 +176,18 @@ static DEFINE_IDR(cgroup_hierarchy_idr);
static u64 css_serial_nr_next = 1;

/*
- * These bitmask flags indicate whether tasks in the fork and exit paths should
- * check for fork/exit handlers to call. This avoids us having to do
- * extra work in the fork/exit path if none of the subsystems need to
- * be called.
+ * These bitmask flags indicate whether tasks in the fork and exit paths
+ * should check for fork/exit handlers to call. This avoids us having to do
+ * extra work in the fork/exit path if a subsystems doesn't need to be
+ * called.
*/
static int need_fork_callback __read_mostly;
static int need_exit_callback __read_mostly;

+/* Ditto for the can_fork/cancel_fork/reapply_fork callbacks. */
+static int need_canfork_callback __read_mostly;
+static int need_cancelfork_callback __read_mostly;
+
static struct cftype cgroup_dfl_base_files[];
static struct cftype cgroup_legacy_base_files[];

@@ -412,7 +416,7 @@ static int notify_on_release(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
(((ss) = cgroup_subsys[ssid]) || true); (ssid)++)

/**
- * for_each_subsys_which - filter for_each_subsys with a bitmask
+ * for_each_subsys_which - filter for_each_subsys with a subsys bitmask
* @ss_mask: the bitmask
* @ss: the iteration cursor
* @ssid: the index of @ss, CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT after reaching the end
@@ -2054,6 +2058,8 @@ static void cgroup_task_migrate(struct cgroup *old_cgrp,
struct css_set *new_cset)
{
struct css_set *old_cset;
+ struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
+ int i;

lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_rwsem);
@@ -2078,6 +2084,18 @@ static void cgroup_task_migrate(struct cgroup *old_cgrp,
list_move_tail(&tsk->cg_list, &new_cset->mg_tasks);

/*
+ * We detach from the old_cset subsystems here. We must do this
+ * before we drop the refcount for old_cset, in order to make sure
+ * that nobody frees it underneath us.
+ */
+ for_each_e_css(css, i, old_cgrp) {
+ struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css = old_cset->subsys[i];
+
+ if (old_css->ss->detach)
+ old_css->ss->detach(old_css, tsk);
+ }
+
+ /*
* We just gained a reference on old_cset by taking it from the
* task. As trading it for new_cset is protected by cgroup_mutex,
* we're safe to drop it here; it will be freed under RCU.
@@ -2321,9 +2339,10 @@ static int cgroup_migrate(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *leader,
*/
tset.csets = &tset.dst_csets;

- for_each_e_css(css, i, cgrp)
+ for_each_e_css(css, i, cgrp) {
if (css->ss->attach)
css->ss->attach(css, &tset);
+ }

ret = 0;
goto out_release_tset;
@@ -4935,6 +4954,8 @@ static void __init cgroup_init_subsys(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, bool early)

need_fork_callback |= (bool) ss->fork << ss->id;
need_exit_callback |= (bool) ss->exit << ss->id;
+ need_canfork_callback |= (bool) ss->can_fork << ss->id;
+ need_cancelfork_callback |= (bool) ss->cancel_fork << ss->id;

/* At system boot, before all subsystems have been
* registered, no tasks have been forked, so we don't
@@ -5188,6 +5209,67 @@ void cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *child)
}

/**
+ * cgroup_can_fork - called on a new task before the process is exposed.
+ * @child: the task in question.
+ *
+ * This calls the subsystem can_fork() callbacks. If the can_fork() callback
+ * returns an error, the fork aborts with that error code. This allows for
+ * a cgroup subsystem to conditionally allow or deny new forks.
+ */
+int cgroup_can_fork(struct task_struct *child,
+ void *ss_state[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT])
+{
+ struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
+ int i, j, retval;
+
+ for_each_subsys_which(need_canfork_callback, ss, i) {
+ retval = ss->can_fork(child, &ss_state[i - CGROUP_PREFORK_START]);
+ if (retval)
+ goto out_revert;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+
+out_revert:
+ for_each_subsys_which(need_cancelfork_callback, ss, j) {
+ void *state = NULL;
+
+ if (j >= i)
+ break;
+
+ if(CGROUP_PREFORK_START <= j && j <= CGROUP_PREFORK_END)
+ state = ss_state[j - CGROUP_PREFORK_START];
+
+ ss->cancel_fork(child, state);
+ }
+
+ return retval;
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_cancel_fork - called if a fork failed after cgroup_can_fork()
+ * @child: the task in question
+ *
+ * This calls the cancel_fork() callbacks if a fork failed *after*
+ * cgroup_can_fork() succeded.
+ */
+void cgroup_cancel_fork(struct task_struct *child,
+ void *ss_state[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT])
+{
+ struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
+ int i;
+
+ for_each_subsys_which(need_cancelfork_callback, ss, i) {
+ void *state = NULL;
+
+ if(CGROUP_PREFORK_START <= i && i <= CGROUP_PREFORK_END)
+ state = ss_state[i - CGROUP_PREFORK_START];
+
+ ss->cancel_fork(child, state);
+ }
+}
+
+/**
* cgroup_post_fork - called on a new task after adding it to the task list
* @child: the task in question
*
@@ -5197,7 +5279,8 @@ void cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *child)
* cgroup_task_iter_start() - to guarantee that the new task ends up on its
* list.
*/
-void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child)
+void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child,
+ void *old_ss_state[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT])
{
struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
int i;
@@ -5241,8 +5324,14 @@ void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child)
* css_set; otherwise, @child might change state between ->fork()
* and addition to css_set.
*/
- for_each_subsys_which(need_fork_callback, ss, i)
- ss->fork(child);
+ for_each_subsys_which(need_fork_callback, ss, i) {
+ void *state = NULL;
+
+ if(CGROUP_PREFORK_START <= i && i <= CGROUP_PREFORK_END)
+ state = old_ss_state[i - CGROUP_PREFORK_START];
+
+ ss->fork(child, state);
+ }
}

/**
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup_freezer.c b/kernel/cgroup_freezer.c
index 92b98cc..f1b30ad 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup_freezer.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup_freezer.c
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ static void freezer_attach(struct cgroup_subsys_state *new_css,
* to do anything as freezer_attach() will put @task into the appropriate
* state.
*/
-static void freezer_fork(struct task_struct *task)
+static void freezer_fork(struct task_struct *task, void *private)
{
struct freezer *freezer;

diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index cf65139..8281370 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -1196,6 +1196,7 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags,
{
int retval;
struct task_struct *p;
+ void *ss_state[CGROUP_PREFORK_COUNT] = {};

if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS)) == (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
@@ -1468,6 +1469,18 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags,
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->thread_group);
p->task_works = NULL;

+
+ /*
+ * Ensure that the cgroup subsystem policies allow the new process to be
+ * forked. If this fork is happening in an organization operation, then
+ * this will not charge the correct css_set. This is fixed during
+ * cgroup_post_fork() (when the css_set has been updated) by undoing
+ * this operation and forcefully charging the correct css_set.
+ */
+ retval = cgroup_can_fork(p, ss_state);
+ if (retval)
+ goto bad_fork_free_pid;
+
/*
* Make it visible to the rest of the system, but dont wake it up yet.
* Need tasklist lock for parent etc handling!
@@ -1504,7 +1517,7 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags,
spin_unlock(&current->sighand->siglock);
write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
retval = -ERESTARTNOINTR;
- goto bad_fork_free_pid;
+ goto bad_fork_cancel_cgroup;
}

if (likely(p->pid)) {
@@ -1546,7 +1559,7 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags,
write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

proc_fork_connector(p);
- cgroup_post_fork(p);
+ cgroup_post_fork(p, ss_state);
if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
threadgroup_change_end(current);
perf_event_fork(p);
@@ -1556,6 +1569,8 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags,

return p;

+bad_fork_cancel_cgroup:
+ cgroup_cancel_fork(p, ss_state);
bad_fork_free_pid:
if (pid != &init_struct_pid)
free_pid(pid);
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index 62671f5..205b1cf 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -7988,7 +7988,7 @@ static void cpu_cgroup_css_offline(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
sched_offline_group(tg);
}

-static void cpu_cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *task)
+static void cpu_cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *task, void *private)
{
sched_move_task(task);
}
--
2.3.5

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