[PATCH 26/36] mm: rework mapcount accounting to enable 4k mapping of THPs

From: Kirill A. Shutemov
Date: Fri Jul 10 2015 - 13:48:59 EST

We're going to allow mapping of individual 4k pages of THP compound.
It means we need to track mapcount on per small page basis.

Straight-forward approach is to use ->_mapcount in all subpages to track
how many time this subpage is mapped with PMDs or PTEs combined. But
this is rather expensive: mapping or unmapping of a THP page with PMD
would require HPAGE_PMD_NR atomic operations instead of single we have
now.

The idea is to store separately how many times the page was mapped as
whole -- compound_mapcount. This frees up ->_mapcount in subpages to
track PTE mapcount.

We use the same approach as with compound page destructor and compound
order to store compound_mapcount: use space in first tail page,
->mapping this time.

Any time we map/unmap whole compound page (THP or hugetlb) -- we
increment/decrement compound_mapcount. When we map part of compound page
with PTE we operate on ->_mapcount of the subpage.

page_mapcount() counts both: PTE and PMD mappings of the page.

Basically, we have mapcount for a subpage spread over two counters.
It makes tricky to detect when last mapcount for a page goes away.

We introduced PageDoubleMap() for this. When we split THP PMD for the
first time and there's other PMD mapping left we offset up ->_mapcount
in all subpages by one and set PG_double_map on the compound page.
These additional references go away with last compound_mapcount.

This approach provides a way to detect when last mapcount goes away on
per small page basis without introducing new overhead for most common
cases.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/mm.h | 26 ++++++++++++-
include/linux/mm_types.h | 1 +
include/linux/page-flags.h | 37 ++++++++++++++++++
include/linux/rmap.h | 4 +-
mm/debug.c | 5 ++-
mm/huge_memory.c | 2 +-
mm/hugetlb.c | 4 +-
mm/memory.c | 2 +-
mm/migrate.c | 2 +-
mm/page_alloc.c | 14 +++++--
mm/rmap.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
11 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 755c8d4b6226..d0a80644b1c1 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -404,6 +404,19 @@ static inline int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x)

extern void kvfree(const void *addr);

+static inline atomic_t *compound_mapcount_ptr(struct page *page)
+{
+ return &page[1].compound_mapcount;
+}
+
+static inline int compound_mapcount(struct page *page)
+{
+ if (!PageCompound(page))
+ return 0;
+ page = compound_head(page);
+ return atomic_read(compound_mapcount_ptr(page)) + 1;
+}
+
/*
* The atomic page->_mapcount, starts from -1: so that transitions
* both from it and to it can be tracked, using atomic_inc_and_test
@@ -416,8 +429,17 @@ static inline void page_mapcount_reset(struct page *page)

static inline int page_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
+ int ret;
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSlab(page), page);
- return atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) + 1;
+
+ ret = atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) + 1;
+ if (PageCompound(page)) {
+ page = compound_head(page);
+ ret += atomic_read(compound_mapcount_ptr(page)) + 1;
+ if (PageDoubleMap(page))
+ ret--;
+ }
+ return ret;
}

static inline int page_count(struct page *page)
@@ -899,7 +921,7 @@ static inline pgoff_t page_file_index(struct page *page)
*/
static inline int page_mapped(struct page *page)
{
- return atomic_read(&(page)->_mapcount) >= 0;
+ return atomic_read(&(page)->_mapcount) + compound_mapcount(page) >= 0;
}

/*
diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
index 4b51a59160ab..4d182cd14c1f 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ struct page {
* see PAGE_MAPPING_ANON below.
*/
void *s_mem; /* slab first object */
+ atomic_t compound_mapcount; /* first tail page */
};

/* Second double word */
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index 74b7cece1dfa..757a4b162242 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -127,6 +127,9 @@ enum pageflags {

/* SLOB */
PG_slob_free = PG_private,
+
+ /* Compound pages. Stored in first tail page's flags */
+ PG_double_map = PG_private_2,
};

#ifndef __GENERATING_BOUNDS_H
@@ -593,10 +596,44 @@ static inline int PageTransTail(struct page *page)
return PageTail(page);
}

+/*
+ * PageDoubleMap indicates that the compound page is mapped with PTEs as well
+ * as PMDs.
+ *
+ * This is required for optimization of rmap oprations for THP: we can postpone
+ * per small page mapcount accounting (and its overhead from atomic operations)
+ * until the first PMD split.
+ *
+ * For the page PageDoubleMap means ->_mapcount in all sub-pages is offset up
+ * by one. This reference will go away with last compound_mapcount.
+ *
+ * See also __split_huge_pmd_locked() and page_remove_anon_compound_rmap().
+ */
+static inline int PageDoubleMap(struct page *page)
+{
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page);
+ return page[1].flags & PG_double_map;
+}
+
+static inline int TestSetPageDoubleMap(struct page *page)
+{
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page);
+ return test_and_set_bit(PG_double_map, &page[1].flags);
+}
+
+static inline int TestClearPageDoubleMap(struct page *page)
+{
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page);
+ return test_and_clear_bit(PG_double_map, &page[1].flags);
+}
+
#else
TESTPAGEFLAG_FALSE(TransHuge)
TESTPAGEFLAG_FALSE(TransCompound)
TESTPAGEFLAG_FALSE(TransTail)
+TESTPAGEFLAG_FALSE(DoubleMap)
+ TESTSETFLAG_FALSE(DoubleMap)
+ CLEARPAGEFLAG_NOOP(DoubleMap)
#endif

/*
diff --git a/include/linux/rmap.h b/include/linux/rmap.h
index 2bc86dc14305..1757854cd35c 100644
--- a/include/linux/rmap.h
+++ b/include/linux/rmap.h
@@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ void hugepage_add_anon_rmap(struct page *, struct vm_area_struct *,
void hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap(struct page *, struct vm_area_struct *,
unsigned long);

-static inline void page_dup_rmap(struct page *page)
+static inline void page_dup_rmap(struct page *page, bool compound)
{
- atomic_inc(&page->_mapcount);
+ atomic_inc(compound ? compound_mapcount_ptr(page) : &page->_mapcount);
}

/*
diff --git a/mm/debug.c b/mm/debug.c
index 9dfcd77e7354..4a82f639b964 100644
--- a/mm/debug.c
+++ b/mm/debug.c
@@ -80,9 +80,12 @@ static void dump_flags(unsigned long flags,
void dump_page_badflags(struct page *page, const char *reason,
unsigned long badflags)
{
- pr_emerg("page:%p count:%d mapcount:%d mapping:%p index:%#lx\n",
+ pr_emerg("page:%p count:%d mapcount:%d mapping:%p index:%#lx",
page, atomic_read(&page->_count), page_mapcount(page),
page->mapping, page->index);
+ if (PageCompound(page))
+ pr_cont(" compound_mapcount: %d", compound_mapcount(page));
+ pr_cont("\n");
BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names) != __NR_PAGEFLAGS);
dump_flags(page->flags, pageflag_names, ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names));
if (reason)
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index efe52b5bd979..5b0a13d2f28c 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ int copy_huge_pmd(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
src_page = pmd_page(pmd);
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(src_page), src_page);
get_page(src_page);
- page_dup_rmap(src_page);
+ page_dup_rmap(src_page, true);
add_mm_counter(dst_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, HPAGE_PMD_NR);

pmdp_set_wrprotect(src_mm, addr, src_pmd);
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index 633fd8d19e31..cad96259ed44 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -2795,7 +2795,7 @@ int copy_hugetlb_page_range(struct mm_struct *dst, struct mm_struct *src,
entry = huge_ptep_get(src_pte);
ptepage = pte_page(entry);
get_page(ptepage);
- page_dup_rmap(ptepage);
+ page_dup_rmap(ptepage, true);
set_huge_pte_at(dst, addr, dst_pte, entry);
}
spin_unlock(src_ptl);
@@ -3256,7 +3256,7 @@ retry:
ClearPagePrivate(page);
hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap(page, vma, address);
} else
- page_dup_rmap(page);
+ page_dup_rmap(page, true);
new_pte = make_huge_pte(vma, page, ((vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
&& (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)));
set_huge_pte_at(mm, address, ptep, new_pte);
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index ff2e8ed5b82a..cdc20d674675 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ copy_one_pte(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, pte);
if (page) {
get_page(page);
- page_dup_rmap(page);
+ page_dup_rmap(page, false);
if (PageAnon(page))
rss[MM_ANONPAGES]++;
else
diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index 9cabb25fb16e..dfd24cb7afc6 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ static int remove_migration_pte(struct page *new, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
if (PageAnon(new))
hugepage_add_anon_rmap(new, vma, addr);
else
- page_dup_rmap(new);
+ page_dup_rmap(new, false);
} else if (PageAnon(new))
page_add_anon_rmap(new, vma, addr, false);
else
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 1f9ffbb087cb..6e3b42763894 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -452,6 +452,7 @@ void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
smp_wmb();
__SetPageTail(p);
}
+ atomic_set(compound_mapcount_ptr(page), -1);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
@@ -716,7 +717,7 @@ static inline int free_pages_check(struct page *page)
const char *bad_reason = NULL;
unsigned long bad_flags = 0;

- if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page)))
+ if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1))
bad_reason = "nonzero mapcount";
if (unlikely(page->mapping != NULL))
bad_reason = "non-NULL mapping";
@@ -825,7 +826,14 @@ static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone,

static int free_tail_pages_check(struct page *head_page, struct page *page)
{
- if (page->mapping != TAIL_MAPPING) {
+ /* mapping in first tail page is used for compound_mapcount() */
+ if (page - head_page == 1) {
+ if (unlikely(compound_mapcount(page))) {
+ bad_page(page, "nonzero compound_mapcount", 0);
+ page->mapping = NULL;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ } else if (page->mapping != TAIL_MAPPING) {
bad_page(page, "corrupted mapping in tail page", 0);
page->mapping = NULL;
return 1;
@@ -1288,7 +1296,7 @@ static inline int check_new_page(struct page *page)
const char *bad_reason = NULL;
unsigned long bad_flags = 0;

- if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page)))
+ if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1))
bad_reason = "nonzero mapcount";
if (unlikely(page->mapping != NULL))
bad_reason = "non-NULL mapping";
diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index 332cf7b831ae..bae27e4608b5 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ static void __page_check_anon_rmap(struct page *page,
* over the call to page_add_new_anon_rmap.
*/
BUG_ON(page_anon_vma(page)->root != vma->anon_vma->root);
- BUG_ON(page->index != linear_page_index(vma, address));
+ BUG_ON(page_to_pgoff(page) != linear_page_index(vma, address));
#endif
}

@@ -1067,9 +1067,26 @@ void page_add_anon_rmap(struct page *page,
void do_page_add_anon_rmap(struct page *page,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, int flags)
{
- int first = atomic_inc_and_test(&page->_mapcount);
+ bool compound = flags & RMAP_COMPOUND;
+ bool first;
+
+ if (PageTransCompound(page)) {
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
+ if (compound) {
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageTransHuge(page), page);
+ first = atomic_inc_and_test(compound_mapcount_ptr(page));
+ } else {
+ /* Anon THP always mapped first with PMD */
+ first = 0;
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!page_mapcount(page), page);
+ atomic_inc(&page->_mapcount);
+ }
+ } else {
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(compound, page);
+ first = atomic_inc_and_test(&page->_mapcount);
+ }
+
if (first) {
- bool compound = flags & RMAP_COMPOUND;
int nr = compound ? hpage_nr_pages(page) : 1;
/*
* We use the irq-unsafe __{inc|mod}_zone_page_stat because
@@ -1088,6 +1105,7 @@ void do_page_add_anon_rmap(struct page *page,
return;

VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
+
/* address might be in next vma when migration races vma_adjust */
if (first)
__page_set_anon_rmap(page, vma, address,
@@ -1114,10 +1132,16 @@ void page_add_new_anon_rmap(struct page *page,

VM_BUG_ON_VMA(address < vma->vm_start || address >= vma->vm_end, vma);
SetPageSwapBacked(page);
- atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0); /* increment count (starts at -1) */
if (compound) {
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageTransHuge(page), page);
+ /* increment count (starts at -1) */
+ atomic_set(compound_mapcount_ptr(page), 0);
__inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_ANON_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGES);
+ } else {
+ /* Anon THP always mapped first with PMD */
+ VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageTransCompound(page), page);
+ /* increment count (starts at -1) */
+ atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0);
}
__mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(page), NR_ANON_PAGES, nr);
__page_set_anon_rmap(page, vma, address, 1);
@@ -1147,12 +1171,15 @@ static void page_remove_file_rmap(struct page *page)

memcg = mem_cgroup_begin_page_stat(page);

- /* page still mapped by someone else? */
- if (!atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount))
+ /* Hugepages are not counted in NR_FILE_MAPPED for now. */
+ if (unlikely(PageHuge(page))) {
+ /* hugetlb pages are always mapped with pmds */
+ atomic_dec(compound_mapcount_ptr(page));
goto out;
+ }

- /* Hugepages are not counted in NR_FILE_MAPPED for now. */
- if (unlikely(PageHuge(page)))
+ /* page still mapped by someone else? */
+ if (!atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount))
goto out;

/*
@@ -1169,6 +1196,39 @@ out:
mem_cgroup_end_page_stat(memcg);
}

+static void page_remove_anon_compound_rmap(struct page *page)
+{
+ int i, nr;
+
+ if (!atomic_add_negative(-1, compound_mapcount_ptr(page)))
+ return;
+
+ /* Hugepages are not counted in NR_ANON_PAGES for now. */
+ if (unlikely(PageHuge(page)))
+ return;
+
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE))
+ return;
+
+ __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_ANON_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGES);
+
+ if (TestClearPageDoubleMap(page)) {
+ /*
+ * Subpages can be mapped with PTEs too. Check how many of
+ * themi are still mapped.
+ */
+ for (i = 0, nr = 0; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++) {
+ if (atomic_add_negative(-1, &page[i]._mapcount))
+ nr++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ nr = HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+ }
+
+ if (nr)
+ __mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(page), NR_ANON_PAGES, -nr);
+}
+
/**
* page_remove_rmap - take down pte mapping from a page
* @page: page to remove mapping from
@@ -1178,33 +1238,25 @@ out:
*/
void page_remove_rmap(struct page *page, bool compound)
{
- int nr = compound ? hpage_nr_pages(page) : 1;
-
if (!PageAnon(page)) {
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(compound && !PageHuge(page), page);
page_remove_file_rmap(page);
return;
}

+ if (compound)
+ return page_remove_anon_compound_rmap(page);
+
/* page still mapped by someone else? */
if (!atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount))
return;

- /* Hugepages are not counted in NR_ANON_PAGES for now. */
- if (unlikely(PageHuge(page)))
- return;
-
/*
* We use the irq-unsafe __{inc|mod}_zone_page_stat because
* these counters are not modified in interrupt context, and
* pte lock(a spinlock) is held, which implies preemption disabled.
*/
- if (compound) {
- VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageTransHuge(page), page);
- __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_ANON_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGES);
- }
-
- __mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(page), NR_ANON_PAGES, -nr);
+ __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_ANON_PAGES);

if (unlikely(PageMlocked(page)))
clear_page_mlock(page);
@@ -1645,7 +1697,7 @@ void hugepage_add_anon_rmap(struct page *page,
BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
BUG_ON(!anon_vma);
/* address might be in next vma when migration races vma_adjust */
- first = atomic_inc_and_test(&page->_mapcount);
+ first = atomic_inc_and_test(compound_mapcount_ptr(page));
if (first)
__hugepage_set_anon_rmap(page, vma, address, 0);
}
@@ -1654,7 +1706,7 @@ void hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap(struct page *page,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address)
{
BUG_ON(address < vma->vm_start || address >= vma->vm_end);
- atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0);
+ atomic_set(compound_mapcount_ptr(page), 0);
__hugepage_set_anon_rmap(page, vma, address, 1);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
--
2.1.4

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