[PATCH v5 0/6] locking/qspinlock: Enhance pvqspinlock performance

[Waiman Long]

v4->v5:
 - Rebased the patch to the latest tip tree.
 - Corrected the comments and commit log for patch 1.
 - Removed the v4 patch 5 as PV kick deferment is no longer needed with
   the new tip tree.
 - Simplified the adaptive spinning patch (patch 6) & improve its
   performance a bit further.
 - Re-ran the benchmark test with the new patch.

v3->v4:
 - Patch 1: add comment about possible racing condition in PV unlock.
 - Patch 2: simplified the pv_pending_lock() function as suggested by
   Davidlohr.
 - Move PV unlock optimization patch forward to patch 4 & rerun
   performance test.

v2->v3:
 - Moved deferred kicking enablement patch forward & move back
   the kick-ahead patch to make the effect of kick-ahead more visible.
 - Reworked patch 6 to make it more readable.
 - Reverted back to use state as a tri-state variable instead of
   adding an additional bistate variable.
 - Added performance data for different values of PV_KICK_AHEAD_MAX.
 - Add a new patch to optimize PV unlock code path performance.

v1->v2:
 - Take out the queued unfair lock patches
 - Add a patch to simplify the PV unlock code
 - Move pending bit and statistics collection patches to the front
 - Keep vCPU kicking in pv_kick_node(), but defer it to unlock time
   when appropriate.
 - Change the wait-early patch to use adaptive spinning to better
   balance the difference effect on normal and over-committed guests.
 - Add patch-to-patch performance changes in the patch commit logs.

This patchset tries to improve the performance of both normal and
over-commmitted VM guests. The kick-ahead and adaptive spinning
patches are inspired by the "Do Virtual Machines Really Scale?" blog
from Sanidhya Kashyap.

Patch 1 simplifies the unlock code by removing the unnecessary
state check.

Patch 2 adds pending bit support to pvqspinlock improving performance
at light load.

Patch 3 allows the collection of various count data that are useful
to see what is happening in the system. They do add a bit of overhead
when enabled slowing performance a tiny bit.

Patch 4 optimizes the PV unlock code path performance for x86-64
architecture.

Patch 5 enables multiple vCPU kick-ahead's at unlock time, outside of
the critical section which can improve performance in overcommitted
guests and sometime even in normal guests.

Patch 6 enables adaptive spinning in the queue nodes. This patch can
lead to pretty big performance increase in over-committed guest at
the expense of a slight performance hit in normal guests.

Patches 2 & 4 improves performance of common uncontended and lightly
contended cases. Patches 5-6 are for improving performance in
over-committed VM guests.

Performance measurements were done on a 32-CPU Westmere-EX and
Haswell-EX systems. The Westmere-EX system got the most performance
gain from patch 5, whereas the Haswell-EX system got the most gain
from patch 6 for over-committed guests.

The table below shows the Linux kernel build times for various
values of PV_KICK_AHEAD_MAX on an over-committed 48-vCPU guest on
the Westmere-EX system:

  PV_KICK_AHEAD_MAX	Patches 1-5	Patches 1-6
  -----------------	-----------	-----------
	  1		  9m46.9s	 11m10.1s
	  2		  9m40.2s	 10m08.3s
	  3		  9m36.8s	  9m49.8s
	  4		  9m35.9s	  9m38.7s
	  5		  9m35.1s	  9m33.0s
	  6		  9m35.7s	  9m28.5s

With patches 1-5, the performance wasn't very sensitive to different
PV_KICK_AHEAD_MAX values. Adding patch 6 into the mix, however, changes
the picture quite dramatically. There is a performance regression if
PV_KICK_AHEAD_MAX is too small. Starting with a value of 4, increasing
PV_KICK_AHEAD_MAX only gets us a minor benefit.

Waiman Long (6):
  locking/pvqspinlock: Unconditional PV kick with _Q_SLOW_VAL
  locking/pvqspinlock: Add pending bit support
  locking/pvqspinlock: Collect slowpath lock statistics
  locking/pvqspinlock, x86: Optimize PV unlock code path
  locking/pvqspinlock: Allow vCPUs kick-ahead
  locking/pvqspinlock: Queue node adaptive spinning

 arch/x86/Kconfig                          |    7 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/qspinlock_paravirt.h |   59 ++++
 kernel/locking/qspinlock.c                |   32 ++-
 kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h       |  475 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 542 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

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