Re: [RFCv5 PATCH 38/46] sched: scheduler-driven cpu frequency selection

[Leo Yan]

On Tue, Jul 07, 2015 at 07:24:21PM +0100, Morten Rasmussen wrote:
> From: Michael Turquette <mturquette@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
> 
> Scheduler-driven cpu frequency selection is desirable as part of the
> on-going effort to make the scheduler better aware of energy
> consumption.  No piece of the Linux kernel has a better view of the
> factors that affect a cpu frequency selection policy than the
> scheduler[0], and this patch is an attempt to converge on an initial
> solution.
> 
> This patch implements a simple shim layer between the Linux scheduler
> and the cpufreq subsystem. This interface accepts a capacity request
> from the Completely Fair Scheduler and honors the max request from all
> cpus in the same frequency domain.
> 
> The policy magic comes from choosing the cpu capacity request from cfs
> and is not contained in this cpufreq governor. This code is
> intentionally dumb.
> 
> Note that this "governor" is event-driven. There is no polling loop to
> check cpu idle time nor any other method which is unsynchronized with
> the scheduler.
> 
> Thanks to Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@xxxxxxx> for contributing design ideas,
> code and test results.
> 
> [0] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1499836
> 
> Signed-off-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@xxxxxxx>
> ---
>  drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig      |  24 ++++
>  include/linux/cpufreq.h      |   3 +
>  kernel/sched/Makefile        |   1 +
>  kernel/sched/cpufreq_sched.c | 308 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  kernel/sched/sched.h         |   8 ++
>  5 files changed, 344 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 kernel/sched/cpufreq_sched.c
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig b/drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig
> index 659879a..9bbf44c 100644
> --- a/drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig
> @@ -102,6 +102,15 @@ config CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_CONSERVATIVE
>  	  Be aware that not all cpufreq drivers support the conservative
>  	  governor. If unsure have a look at the help section of the
>  	  driver. Fallback governor will be the performance governor.
> +
> +config CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_SCHED
> +	bool "sched"
> +	select CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHED
> +	select CPU_FREQ_GOV_PERFORMANCE
> +	help
> +	  Use the CPUfreq governor 'sched' as default. This scales
> +	  cpu frequency from the scheduler as per-entity load tracking
> +	  statistics are updated.
>  endchoice
>  
>  config CPU_FREQ_GOV_PERFORMANCE
> @@ -183,6 +192,21 @@ config CPU_FREQ_GOV_CONSERVATIVE
>  
>  	  If in doubt, say N.
>  
> +config CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHED
> +	tristate "'sched' cpufreq governor"
> +	depends on CPU_FREQ
> +	select CPU_FREQ_GOV_COMMON
> +	help
> +	  'sched' - this governor scales cpu frequency from the
> +	  scheduler as a function of cpu capacity utilization. It does
> +	  not evaluate utilization on a periodic basis (as ondemand
> +	  does) but instead is invoked from the completely fair
> +	  scheduler when updating per-entity load tracking statistics.
> +	  Latency to respond to changes in load is improved over polling
> +	  governors due to its event-driven design.
> +
> +	  If in doubt, say N.
> +
>  comment "CPU frequency scaling drivers"
>  
>  config CPUFREQ_DT
> diff --git a/include/linux/cpufreq.h b/include/linux/cpufreq.h
> index 1f2c9a1..30241c9 100644
> --- a/include/linux/cpufreq.h
> +++ b/include/linux/cpufreq.h
> @@ -494,6 +494,9 @@ extern struct cpufreq_governor cpufreq_gov_ondemand;
>  #elif defined(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_CONSERVATIVE)
>  extern struct cpufreq_governor cpufreq_gov_conservative;
>  #define CPUFREQ_DEFAULT_GOVERNOR	(&cpufreq_gov_conservative)
> +#elif defined(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_SCHED_GOV)

s/CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_SCHED_GOV/CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_SCHED/

> +extern struct cpufreq_governor cpufreq_gov_sched_gov;

s/cpufreq_gov_sched_gov/cpufreq_gov_sched/

> +#define CPUFREQ_DEFAULT_GOVERNOR	(&cpufreq_gov_sched)
>  #endif
>  
>  /*********************************************************************
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/Makefile b/kernel/sched/Makefile
> index 6768797..90ed832 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/Makefile
> +++ b/kernel/sched/Makefile
> @@ -19,3 +19,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP) += auto_group.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS) += stats.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG) += debug.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT) += cpuacct.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHED) += cpufreq_sched.o
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpufreq_sched.c b/kernel/sched/cpufreq_sched.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..5020f24
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/kernel/sched/cpufreq_sched.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
> +/*
> + *  Copyright (C)  2015 Michael Turquette <mturquette@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/kthread.h>
> +#include <linux/percpu.h>
> +#include <linux/irq_work.h>
> +
> +#include "sched.h"
> +
> +#define THROTTLE_NSEC		50000000 /* 50ms default */
> +
> +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, pcpu_capacity);
> +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpufreq_policy *, pcpu_policy);
> +
> +/**
> + * gov_data - per-policy data internal to the governor
> + * @throttle: next throttling period expiry. Derived from throttle_nsec
> + * @throttle_nsec: throttle period length in nanoseconds
> + * @task: worker thread for dvfs transition that may block/sleep
> + * @irq_work: callback used to wake up worker thread
> + * @freq: new frequency stored in *_sched_update_cpu and used in *_sched_thread
> + *
> + * struct gov_data is the per-policy cpufreq_sched-specific data structure. A
> + * per-policy instance of it is created when the cpufreq_sched governor receives
> + * the CPUFREQ_GOV_START condition and a pointer to it exists in the gov_data
> + * member of struct cpufreq_policy.
> + *
> + * Readers of this data must call down_read(policy->rwsem). Writers must
> + * call down_write(policy->rwsem).
> + */
> +struct gov_data {
> +	ktime_t throttle;
> +	unsigned int throttle_nsec;
> +	struct task_struct *task;
> +	struct irq_work irq_work;
> +	struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
> +	unsigned int freq;
> +};
> +
> +static void cpufreq_sched_try_driver_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned int freq)
> +{
> +	struct gov_data *gd = policy->governor_data;
> +
> +	/* avoid race with cpufreq_sched_stop */
> +	if (!down_write_trylock(&policy->rwsem))
> +		return;
> +
> +	__cpufreq_driver_target(policy, freq, CPUFREQ_RELATION_L);
> +
> +	gd->throttle = ktime_add_ns(ktime_get(), gd->throttle_nsec);
> +	up_write(&policy->rwsem);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * we pass in struct cpufreq_policy. This is safe because changing out the
> + * policy requires a call to __cpufreq_governor(policy, CPUFREQ_GOV_STOP),
> + * which tears down all of the data structures and __cpufreq_governor(policy,
> + * CPUFREQ_GOV_START) will do a full rebuild, including this kthread with the
> + * new policy pointer
> + */
> +static int cpufreq_sched_thread(void *data)
> +{
> +	struct sched_param param;
> +	struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
> +	struct gov_data *gd;
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	policy = (struct cpufreq_policy *) data;
> +	if (!policy) {
> +		pr_warn("%s: missing policy\n", __func__);
> +		do_exit(-EINVAL);
> +	}
> +
> +	gd = policy->governor_data;
> +	if (!gd) {
> +		pr_warn("%s: missing governor data\n", __func__);
> +		do_exit(-EINVAL);
> +	}
> +
> +	param.sched_priority = 50;
> +	ret = sched_setscheduler_nocheck(gd->task, SCHED_FIFO, &param);
> +	if (ret) {
> +		pr_warn("%s: failed to set SCHED_FIFO\n", __func__);
> +		do_exit(-EINVAL);
> +	} else {
> +		pr_debug("%s: kthread (%d) set to SCHED_FIFO\n",
> +				__func__, gd->task->pid);
> +	}
> +
> +	ret = set_cpus_allowed_ptr(gd->task, policy->related_cpus);
> +	if (ret) {
> +		pr_warn("%s: failed to set allowed ptr\n", __func__);
> +		do_exit(-EINVAL);
> +	}
> +
> +	/* main loop of the per-policy kthread */
> +	do {
> +		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
> +		schedule();
> +		if (kthread_should_stop())
> +			break;
> +
> +		cpufreq_sched_try_driver_target(policy, gd->freq);
> +	} while (!kthread_should_stop());
> +
> +	do_exit(0);
> +}
> +
> +static void cpufreq_sched_irq_work(struct irq_work *irq_work)
> +{
> +	struct gov_data *gd;
> +
> +	gd = container_of(irq_work, struct gov_data, irq_work);
> +	if (!gd) {
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
> +	wake_up_process(gd->task);
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * cpufreq_sched_set_capacity - interface to scheduler for changing capacity values
> + * @cpu: cpu whose capacity utilization has recently changed
> + * @capacity: the new capacity requested by cpu
> + *
> + * cpufreq_sched_sched_capacity is an interface exposed to the scheduler so
> + * that the scheduler may inform the governor of updates to capacity
> + * utilization and make changes to cpu frequency. Currently this interface is
> + * designed around PELT values in CFS. It can be expanded to other scheduling
> + * classes in the future if needed.
> + *
> + * cpufreq_sched_set_capacity raises an IPI. The irq_work handler for that IPI
> + * wakes up the thread that does the actual work, cpufreq_sched_thread.
> + *
> + * This functions bails out early if either condition is true:
> + * 1) this cpu did not the new maximum capacity for its frequency domain
> + * 2) no change in cpu frequency is necessary to meet the new capacity request
> + */
> +void cpufreq_sched_set_cap(int cpu, unsigned long capacity)
> +{
> +	unsigned int freq_new, cpu_tmp;
> +	struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
> +	struct gov_data *gd;
> +	unsigned long capacity_max = 0;
> +
> +	/* update per-cpu capacity request */
> +	__this_cpu_write(pcpu_capacity, capacity);
> +
> +	policy = cpufreq_cpu_get(cpu);
> +	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(policy)) {
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (!policy->governor_data)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	gd = policy->governor_data;
> +
> +	/* bail early if we are throttled */
> +	if (ktime_before(ktime_get(), gd->throttle))
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	/* find max capacity requested by cpus in this policy */
> +	for_each_cpu(cpu_tmp, policy->cpus)
> +		capacity_max = max(capacity_max, per_cpu(pcpu_capacity, cpu_tmp));
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * We only change frequency if this cpu's capacity request represents a
> +	 * new max. If another cpu has requested a capacity greater than the
> +	 * previous max then we rely on that cpu to hit this code path and make
> +	 * the change. IOW, the cpu with the new max capacity is responsible
> +	 * for setting the new capacity/frequency.
> +	 *
> +	 * If this cpu is not the new maximum then bail
> +	 */
> +	if (capacity_max > capacity)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	/* Convert the new maximum capacity request into a cpu frequency */
> +	freq_new = capacity * policy->max >> SCHED_CAPACITY_SHIFT;
> +
> +	/* No change in frequency? Bail and return current capacity. */
> +	if (freq_new == policy->cur)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	/* store the new frequency and perform the transition */
> +	gd->freq = freq_new;
> +
> +	if (cpufreq_driver_might_sleep())
> +		irq_work_queue_on(&gd->irq_work, cpu);
> +	else
> +		cpufreq_sched_try_driver_target(policy, freq_new);
> +
> +out:
> +	cpufreq_cpu_put(policy);
> +	return;
> +}
> +
> +static int cpufreq_sched_start(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
> +{
> +	struct gov_data *gd;
> +	int cpu;
> +
> +	/* prepare per-policy private data */
> +	gd = kzalloc(sizeof(*gd), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!gd) {
> +		pr_debug("%s: failed to allocate private data\n", __func__);
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* initialize per-cpu data */
> +	for_each_cpu(cpu, policy->cpus) {
> +		per_cpu(pcpu_capacity, cpu) = 0;
> +		per_cpu(pcpu_policy, cpu) = policy;
> +	}
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Don't ask for freq changes at an higher rate than what
> +	 * the driver advertises as transition latency.
> +	 */
> +	gd->throttle_nsec = policy->cpuinfo.transition_latency ?
> +			    policy->cpuinfo.transition_latency :
> +			    THROTTLE_NSEC;
> +	pr_debug("%s: throttle threshold = %u [ns]\n",
> +		  __func__, gd->throttle_nsec);
> +
> +	if (cpufreq_driver_might_sleep()) {
> +		/* init per-policy kthread */
> +		gd->task = kthread_run(cpufreq_sched_thread, policy, "kcpufreq_sched_task");
> +		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(gd->task)) {
> +			pr_err("%s: failed to create kcpufreq_sched_task thread\n", __func__);
> +			goto err;
> +		}
> +		init_irq_work(&gd->irq_work, cpufreq_sched_irq_work);
> +	}
> +
> +	policy->governor_data = gd;
> +	gd->policy = policy;
> +	return 0;
> +
> +err:
> +	kfree(gd);
> +	return -ENOMEM;
> +}
> +
> +static int cpufreq_sched_stop(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)
> +{
> +	struct gov_data *gd = policy->governor_data;
> +
> +	if (cpufreq_driver_might_sleep()) {
> +		kthread_stop(gd->task);
> +	}
> +
> +	policy->governor_data = NULL;
> +
> +	/* FIXME replace with devm counterparts? */
> +	kfree(gd);
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int cpufreq_sched_setup(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned int event)
> +{
> +	switch (event) {
> +		case CPUFREQ_GOV_START:
> +			/* Start managing the frequency */
> +			return cpufreq_sched_start(policy);
> +
> +		case CPUFREQ_GOV_STOP:
> +			return cpufreq_sched_stop(policy);
> +
> +		case CPUFREQ_GOV_LIMITS:	/* unused */
> +		case CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_INIT:	/* unused */
> +		case CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_EXIT:	/* unused */
> +			break;
> +	}
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_SCHED
> +static
> +#endif
> +struct cpufreq_governor cpufreq_gov_sched = {
> +	.name			= "sched",
> +	.governor		= cpufreq_sched_setup,
> +	.owner			= THIS_MODULE,
> +};
> +
> +static int __init cpufreq_sched_init(void)
> +{
> +	return cpufreq_register_governor(&cpufreq_gov_sched);
> +}
> +
> +static void __exit cpufreq_sched_exit(void)
> +{
> +	cpufreq_unregister_governor(&cpufreq_gov_sched);
> +}
> +
> +/* Try to make this the default governor */
> +fs_initcall(cpufreq_sched_init);
> +
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> index c395559..30aa0c4 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
> +++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> @@ -1476,6 +1476,13 @@ unsigned long arch_scale_cpu_capacity(struct sched_domain *sd, int cpu)
>  }
>  #endif
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHED
> +void cpufreq_sched_set_cap(int cpu, unsigned long util);
> +#else
> +static inline void cpufreq_sched_set_cap(int cpu, unsigned long util)
> +{ }
> +#endif
> +
>  static inline void sched_rt_avg_update(struct rq *rq, u64 rt_delta)
>  {
>  	rq->rt_avg += rt_delta * arch_scale_freq_capacity(NULL, cpu_of(rq));
> @@ -1484,6 +1491,7 @@ static inline void sched_rt_avg_update(struct rq *rq, u64 rt_delta)
>  #else
>  static inline void sched_rt_avg_update(struct rq *rq, u64 rt_delta) { }
>  static inline void sched_avg_update(struct rq *rq) { }
> +static inline void gov_cfs_update_cpu(int cpu) {}
>  #endif
>  
>  extern void start_bandwidth_timer(struct hrtimer *period_timer, ktime_t period);
> -- 
> 1.9.1
> 
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