[PATCH 13/15] x86, fpu: correct and check XSAVE xstate size calculations

[Dave Hansen]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Note: our xsaves support is currently broken and disabled.  This
patch does not fix it, but it is an incremental improvement.
This might be useful to someone backporting the entire set of
XSAVES patches at some point, but it should not be backported
alone.

Ingo said he wanted something like this (bullets 2 and 3):

	http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150808091508.GB32641@xxxxxxxxx

There are currently two xsave buffer formats: standard and
compacted.  The standard format is waht 'XSAVE' and 'XSAVEOPT'
produce while 'XSAVES' and 'XSAVEC' produce a compacted-formet
buffer.  (The kernel never uses XSAVEC)

But, the XSAVES buffer *ALSO* contains "system state components"
which are never saved by a plain XSAVE.  So, XSAVES has two
things that might make its buffer differently-sized from an
XSAVE-produced one.

The current code assumes that an XSAVES buffer's size is simply
the sum of the sizes of the (user) states which are supported.
This seems to work in most cases, but it is not consistent with
what the SDM says, and it breaks if we 'align' a component in the
buffer.  The calculation is also unnecessary work since the CPU
*tells* us the size of the buffer directly.

This patch just reads the size of the buffer right out of the
CPUID leaf instead of trying to derive it.

But, blindly trusting the CPU like this is dangerous.  We add
a verification pass in do_extra_xstate_size_checks() to ensure
that the size we calculate matches with what we see from the
hardware.  When it comes down to it, we trust but verify the
CPU.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: x86@xxxxxxxxxx
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
---

 b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c |  184 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 174 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff -puN arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c~fix-xstate_size-calculation arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c~fix-xstate_size-calculation	2015-09-02 15:52:57.581239555 -0700
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c	2015-09-02 16:22:58.807089430 -0700
@@ -312,27 +312,190 @@ static void __init setup_init_fpu_buf(vo
 	copy_xregs_to_kernel_booting(&init_fpstate.xsave);
 }
 
+static int xfeature_is_supervisor(int xfeature_nr)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We currently do not support supervisor states, but if
+	 * we did, we could find out like this.
+	 *
+	 * SDM says: If state component i is a user state component,
+	 * ECX[0] return 0; if state component i is a supervisor
+	 * state component, ECX[0] returns 1.
+	u32 eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+	cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, xfeature_nr, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx;
+	return !!(ecx & 1);
+	*/
+	return 0;
+}
+/*
+static int xfeature_is_user(int xfeature_nr)
+{
+	return !xfeature_is_supervisor(xfeature_nr);
+}
+*/
+
+/*
+ * This check is important because it is easy to get XSTATE_*
+ * confused with XSTATE_BIT_*.
+ */
+#define CHECK_XFEATURE(nr) do {		\
+	WARN_ON(nr < FIRST_EXTENDED_XFEATURE);	\
+	WARN_ON(nr >= XFEATURE_MAX);	\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * We could cache this like xstate_size[], but we only use
+ * it here, so it would be a waste of space.
+ */
+static int xfeature_is_aligned(int xfeature_nr)
+{
+	u32 eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+
+	CHECK_XFEATURE(xfeature_nr);
+	cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, xfeature_nr, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+	/*
+	 * The value returned by ECX[1] indicates the alignment
+	 * of state component i when the compacted format
+	 * of the extended region of an XSAVE area is used
+	 */
+	return !!(ecx & 2);
+}
+
+static int xfeature_uncompacted_offset(int xfeature_nr)
+{
+	u32 eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+
+	CHECK_XFEATURE(xfeature_nr);
+	cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, xfeature_nr, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+	return ebx;
+}
+
+static int xfeature_size(int xfeature_nr)
+{
+	u32 eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+
+	CHECK_XFEATURE(xfeature_nr);
+	cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, xfeature_nr, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+	return eax;
+}
+
+/*
+ * 'XSAVES' implies two different things:
+ * 1. saving of supervisor/system state
+ * 2. using the compacted format
+ *
+ * Use this function when dealing with the compacted format so
+ * that it is obvious which aspect of 'XSAVES' is being handled
+ * by the calling code.
+ */
+static int using_compacted_format(void)
+{
+	return cpu_has_xsaves;
+}
+
+static void __xstate_dump_leaves(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	u32 eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+	static int should_dump = 1;
+
+	if (!should_dump)
+		return;
+	should_dump = 0;
+	/*
+	 * Dump out a few leaves past the ones that we support
+	 * just in case there are some goodies up there
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < XFEATURE_MAX + 10; i++) {
+		cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, i, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+		pr_warn("CPUID[%02x, %02x]: eax=%08x ebx=%08x ecx=%08x edx=%08x\n",
+			XSTATE_CPUID, i, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
+	}
+}
+
+#define XSTATE_WARN_ON(x) do {							\
+	if (WARN_ONCE(x, "XSAVE consistency problem, dumping leaves")) {	\
+		__xstate_dump_leaves();						\
+	}									\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * This essentially double-checks what the cpu told us about
+ * how large the XSAVE buffer needs to be.  We are recalculating
+ * it to be safe.
+ */
+static void do_extra_xstate_size_checks(void)
+{
+	int paranoid_xstate_size = FXSAVE_SIZE + XSAVE_HDR_SIZE;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = FIRST_EXTENDED_XFEATURE; i < XFEATURE_MAX; i++) {
+		if (!xfeature_enabled(i))
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Supervisor state components can be managed only by
+		 * XSAVES, which is compacted-format only.
+		 */
+		if (!using_compacted_format())
+			XSTATE_WARN_ON(xfeature_is_supervisor(i));
+
+		/* Align from the end of the previous feature */
+		if (xfeature_is_aligned(i))
+			paranoid_xstate_size = ALIGN(paranoid_xstate_size, 64);
+		/*
+		 * The offset of a given state in the non-compacted
+		 * format is given to us in a CPUID leaf.  We check
+		 * them for being ordered (increasing offsets) in
+		 * setup_xstate_features().
+		 */
+		if (!using_compacted_format())
+			paranoid_xstate_size = xfeature_uncompacted_offset(i);
+		/*
+		 * The compacted-format offset always depends on where
+		 * the previous state ended.
+		 */
+		paranoid_xstate_size += xfeature_size(i);
+	}
+	XSTATE_WARN_ON(paranoid_xstate_size != xstate_size);
+}
+
 /*
  * Calculate total size of enabled xstates in XCR0/xfeatures_mask.
+ *
+ * Note the SDM's wording here.  "sub-function 0" only enumerates
+ * the size of the *user* states.  If we use it to size a buffer
+ * that we use 'XSAVES' on, we could potentially overflow the
+ * buffer because 'XSAVES' saves system states too.
+ *
+ * Note that we do not currently set any bits on IA32_XSS so
+ * 'XCR0 | IA32_XSS == XCR0' for now.
  */
 static unsigned int __init calculate_xstate_size(void)
 {
 	unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
 	unsigned int calculated_xstate_size;
-	int i;
 
 	if (!cpu_has_xsaves) {
+		/*
+		 * - CPUID function 0DH, sub-function 0:
+		 *    EBX enumerates the size (in bytes) required by
+		 *    the XSAVE instruction for an XSAVE area
+		 *    containing all the *user* state components
+		 *    corresponding to bits currently set in XCR0.
+		 */
 		cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, 0, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
 		calculated_xstate_size = ebx;
-		return calculated_xstate_size;
-	}
-
-	calculated_xstate_size = FXSAVE_SIZE + XSAVE_HDR_SIZE;
-	for (i = FIRST_EXTENDED_XFEATURE; i < 64; i++) {
-		if (xfeature_enabled(i)) {
-			cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, i, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
-			calculated_xstate_size += eax;
-		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * - CPUID function 0DH, sub-function 1:
+		 *    EBX enumerates the size (in bytes) required by
+		 *    the XSAVES instruction for an XSAVE area
+		 *    containing all the state components
+		 *    corresponding to bits currently set in
+		 *    XCR0 | IA32_XSS.
+		 */
+		cpuid_count(XSTATE_CPUID, 1, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+		calculated_xstate_size = ebx;
 	}
 	return calculated_xstate_size;
 }
@@ -365,6 +528,7 @@ static int init_xstate_size(void)
 	 * make it known to the world that we need more space.
 	 */
 	xstate_size = possible_xstate_size;
+	do_extra_xstate_size_checks();
 	return 0;
 }
 
_
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