[PATCH 4.4 146/163] ext4: fix races between page faults and hole punching

From: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Date: Mon May 02 2016 - 20:33:14 EST

4.4-stable review patch. If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: Jan Kara <jack@xxxxxxxx>

commit ea3d7209ca01da209cda6f0dea8be9cc4b7a933b upstream.

Currently, page faults and hole punching are completely unsynchronized.
This can result in page fault faulting in a page into a range that we
are punching after truncate_pagecache_range() has been called and thus
we can end up with a page mapped to disk blocks that will be shortly
freed. Filesystem corruption will shortly follow. Note that the same
race is avoided for truncate by checking page fault offset against
i_size but there isn't similar mechanism available for punching holes.

Fix the problem by creating new rw semaphore i_mmap_sem in inode and
grab it for writing over truncate, hole punching, and other functions
removing blocks from extent tree and for read over page faults. We
cannot easily use i_data_sem for this since that ranks below transaction
start and we need something ranking above it so that it can be held over
the whole truncate / hole punching operation. Also remove various
workarounds we had in the code to reduce race window when page fault
could have created pages with stale mapping information.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@xxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@xxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

---
fs/ext4/ext4.h | 10 ++++++++
fs/ext4/extents.c | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
fs/ext4/file.c | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
fs/ext4/inode.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++-------
fs/ext4/super.c | 1
fs/ext4/truncate.h | 2 +
6 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

--- a/fs/ext4/ext4.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/ext4.h
@@ -933,6 +933,15 @@ struct ext4_inode_info {
* by other means, so we have i_data_sem.
*/
struct rw_semaphore i_data_sem;
+ /*
+ * i_mmap_sem is for serializing page faults with truncate / punch hole
+ * operations. We have to make sure that new page cannot be faulted in
+ * a section of the inode that is being punched. We cannot easily use
+ * i_data_sem for this since we need protection for the whole punch
+ * operation and i_data_sem ranks below transaction start so we have
+ * to occasionally drop it.
+ */
+ struct rw_semaphore i_mmap_sem;
struct inode vfs_inode;
struct jbd2_inode *jinode;

@@ -2507,6 +2516,7 @@ extern int ext4_chunk_trans_blocks(struc
extern int ext4_zero_partial_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
loff_t lstart, loff_t lend);
extern int ext4_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);
+extern int ext4_filemap_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);
extern qsize_t *ext4_get_reserved_space(struct inode *inode);
extern void ext4_da_update_reserve_space(struct inode *inode,
int used, int quota_claim);
--- a/fs/ext4/extents.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/extents.c
@@ -4770,7 +4770,6 @@ static long ext4_zero_range(struct file
int partial_begin, partial_end;
loff_t start, end;
ext4_lblk_t lblk;
- struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
unsigned int blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;

trace_ext4_zero_range(inode, offset, len, mode);
@@ -4786,17 +4785,6 @@ static long ext4_zero_range(struct file
}

/*
- * Write out all dirty pages to avoid race conditions
- * Then release them.
- */
- if (mapping->nrpages && mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) {
- ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, offset,
- offset + len - 1);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
- }
-
- /*
* Round up offset. This is not fallocate, we neet to zero out
* blocks, so convert interior block aligned part of the range to
* unwritten and possibly manually zero out unaligned parts of the
@@ -4856,16 +4844,22 @@ static long ext4_zero_range(struct file
flags |= (EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CONVERT_UNWRITTEN |
EXT4_EX_NOCACHE);

- /* Now release the pages and zero block aligned part of pages*/
- truncate_pagecache_range(inode, start, end - 1);
- inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
-
/* Wait all existing dio workers, newcomers will block on i_mutex */
ext4_inode_block_unlocked_dio(inode);
inode_dio_wait(inode);

+ /*
+ * Prevent page faults from reinstantiating pages we have
+ * released from page cache.
+ */
+ down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ /* Now release the pages and zero block aligned part of pages */
+ truncate_pagecache_range(inode, start, end - 1);
+ inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
+
ret = ext4_alloc_file_blocks(file, lblk, max_blocks, new_size,
flags, mode);
+ up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
if (ret)
goto out_dio;
}
@@ -5524,17 +5518,22 @@ int ext4_collapse_range(struct inode *in
goto out_mutex;
}

- truncate_pagecache(inode, ioffset);
-
/* Wait for existing dio to complete */
ext4_inode_block_unlocked_dio(inode);
inode_dio_wait(inode);

+ /*
+ * Prevent page faults from reinstantiating pages we have released from
+ * page cache.
+ */
+ down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ truncate_pagecache(inode, ioffset);
+
credits = ext4_writepage_trans_blocks(inode);
handle = ext4_journal_start(inode, EXT4_HT_TRUNCATE, credits);
if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
- goto out_dio;
+ goto out_mmap;
}

down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
@@ -5573,7 +5572,8 @@ int ext4_collapse_range(struct inode *in

out_stop:
ext4_journal_stop(handle);
-out_dio:
+out_mmap:
+ up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
ext4_inode_resume_unlocked_dio(inode);
out_mutex:
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
@@ -5660,17 +5660,22 @@ int ext4_insert_range(struct inode *inod
goto out_mutex;
}

- truncate_pagecache(inode, ioffset);
-
/* Wait for existing dio to complete */
ext4_inode_block_unlocked_dio(inode);
inode_dio_wait(inode);

+ /*
+ * Prevent page faults from reinstantiating pages we have released from
+ * page cache.
+ */
+ down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ truncate_pagecache(inode, ioffset);
+
credits = ext4_writepage_trans_blocks(inode);
handle = ext4_journal_start(inode, EXT4_HT_TRUNCATE, credits);
if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
- goto out_dio;
+ goto out_mmap;
}

/* Expand file to avoid data loss if there is error while shifting */
@@ -5741,7 +5746,8 @@ int ext4_insert_range(struct inode *inod

out_stop:
ext4_journal_stop(handle);
-out_dio:
+out_mmap:
+ up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
ext4_inode_resume_unlocked_dio(inode);
out_mutex:
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
--- a/fs/ext4/file.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/file.c
@@ -209,15 +209,18 @@ static int ext4_dax_fault(struct vm_area
{
int result;
handle_t *handle = NULL;
- struct super_block *sb = file_inode(vma->vm_file)->i_sb;
+ struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
+ struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;

if (write) {
sb_start_pagefault(sb);
file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
handle = ext4_journal_start_sb(sb, EXT4_HT_WRITE_PAGE,
EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(sb));
- }
+ } else
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);

if (IS_ERR(handle))
result = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
@@ -228,8 +231,10 @@ static int ext4_dax_fault(struct vm_area
if (write) {
if (!IS_ERR(handle))
ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
sb_end_pagefault(sb);
- }
+ } else
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);

return result;
}
@@ -246,10 +251,12 @@ static int ext4_dax_pmd_fault(struct vm_
if (write) {
sb_start_pagefault(sb);
file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
handle = ext4_journal_start_sb(sb, EXT4_HT_WRITE_PAGE,
ext4_chunk_trans_blocks(inode,
PMD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE));
- }
+ } else
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);

if (IS_ERR(handle))
result = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
@@ -260,30 +267,71 @@ static int ext4_dax_pmd_fault(struct vm_
if (write) {
if (!IS_ERR(handle))
ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
sb_end_pagefault(sb);
- }
+ } else
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);

return result;
}

static int ext4_dax_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
- return dax_mkwrite(vma, vmf, ext4_get_block_dax,
- ext4_end_io_unwritten);
+ int err;
+ struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
+
+ sb_start_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
+ file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ err = __dax_mkwrite(vma, vmf, ext4_get_block_dax,
+ ext4_end_io_unwritten);
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ sb_end_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle write fault for VM_MIXEDMAP mappings. Similarly to ext4_dax_mkwrite()
+ * handler we check for races agaist truncate. Note that since we cycle through
+ * i_mmap_sem, we are sure that also any hole punching that began before we
+ * were called is finished by now and so if it included part of the file we
+ * are working on, our pte will get unmapped and the check for pte_same() in
+ * wp_pfn_shared() fails. Thus fault gets retried and things work out as
+ * desired.
+ */
+static int ext4_dax_pfn_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+ struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
+ struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+ int ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
+ loff_t size;
+
+ sb_start_pagefault(sb);
+ file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ size = (i_size_read(inode) + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ if (vmf->pgoff >= size)
+ ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ sb_end_pagefault(sb);
+
+ return ret;
}

static const struct vm_operations_struct ext4_dax_vm_ops = {
.fault = ext4_dax_fault,
.pmd_fault = ext4_dax_pmd_fault,
.page_mkwrite = ext4_dax_mkwrite,
- .pfn_mkwrite = dax_pfn_mkwrite,
+ .pfn_mkwrite = ext4_dax_pfn_mkwrite,
};
#else
#define ext4_dax_vm_ops ext4_file_vm_ops
#endif

static const struct vm_operations_struct ext4_file_vm_ops = {
- .fault = filemap_fault,
+ .fault = ext4_filemap_fault,
.map_pages = filemap_map_pages,
.page_mkwrite = ext4_page_mkwrite,
};
--- a/fs/ext4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -3651,6 +3651,15 @@ int ext4_punch_hole(struct inode *inode,

}

+ /* Wait all existing dio workers, newcomers will block on i_mutex */
+ ext4_inode_block_unlocked_dio(inode);
+ inode_dio_wait(inode);
+
+ /*
+ * Prevent page faults from reinstantiating pages we have released from
+ * page cache.
+ */
+ down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
first_block_offset = round_up(offset, sb->s_blocksize);
last_block_offset = round_down((offset + length), sb->s_blocksize) - 1;

@@ -3659,10 +3668,6 @@ int ext4_punch_hole(struct inode *inode,
truncate_pagecache_range(inode, first_block_offset,
last_block_offset);

- /* Wait all existing dio workers, newcomers will block on i_mutex */
- ext4_inode_block_unlocked_dio(inode);
- inode_dio_wait(inode);
-
if (ext4_test_inode_flag(inode, EXT4_INODE_EXTENTS))
credits = ext4_writepage_trans_blocks(inode);
else
@@ -3708,16 +3713,12 @@ int ext4_punch_hole(struct inode *inode,
if (IS_SYNC(inode))
ext4_handle_sync(handle);

- /* Now release the pages again to reduce race window */
- if (last_block_offset > first_block_offset)
- truncate_pagecache_range(inode, first_block_offset,
- last_block_offset);
-
inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
out_stop:
ext4_journal_stop(handle);
out_dio:
+ up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
ext4_inode_resume_unlocked_dio(inode);
out_mutex:
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
@@ -4851,6 +4852,7 @@ int ext4_setattr(struct dentry *dentry,
} else
ext4_wait_for_tail_page_commit(inode);
}
+ down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
/*
* Truncate pagecache after we've waited for commit
* in data=journal mode to make pages freeable.
@@ -4858,6 +4860,7 @@ int ext4_setattr(struct dentry *dentry,
truncate_pagecache(inode, inode->i_size);
if (shrink)
ext4_truncate(inode);
+ up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
}

if (!rc) {
@@ -5306,6 +5309,8 @@ int ext4_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_str

sb_start_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
+
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
/* Delalloc case is easy... */
if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DELALLOC) &&
!ext4_should_journal_data(inode) &&
@@ -5375,6 +5380,19 @@ retry_alloc:
out_ret:
ret = block_page_mkwrite_return(ret);
out:
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
sb_end_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
return ret;
}
+
+int ext4_filemap_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+ struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
+ int err;
+
+ down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+ err = filemap_fault(vma, vmf);
+ up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
+
+ return err;
+}
--- a/fs/ext4/super.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/super.c
@@ -958,6 +958,7 @@ static void init_once(void *foo)
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ei->i_orphan);
init_rwsem(&ei->xattr_sem);
init_rwsem(&ei->i_data_sem);
+ init_rwsem(&ei->i_mmap_sem);
inode_init_once(&ei->vfs_inode);
}

--- a/fs/ext4/truncate.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/truncate.h
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
*/
static inline void ext4_truncate_failed_write(struct inode *inode)
{
+ down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
truncate_inode_pages(inode->i_mapping, inode->i_size);
ext4_truncate(inode);
+ up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_mmap_sem);
}

/*