Re: [PATCH v6 1/8] Documentation: arm: define DT cpu capacity-dmips-mhz bindings

[Vincent Guittot]

On 19 July 2016 at 14:40, Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@xxxxxxx> wrote:
> ARM systems may be configured to have cpus with different power/performance
> characteristics within the same chip. In this case, additional information
> has to be made available to the kernel (the scheduler in particular) for it
> to be aware of such differences and take decisions accordingly.
>
> Therefore, this patch aims at standardizing cpu capacities device tree
> bindings for ARM platforms. Bindings define cpu capacity-dmips-mhz
> parameter, to allow operating systems to retrieve such information from
> the device tree and initialize related kernel structures, paving the way
> for common code in the kernel to deal with heterogeneity.
>
> Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Pawel Moll <pawel.moll@xxxxxxx>
> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@xxxxxxx>
> Cc: Ian Campbell <ijc+devicetree@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Kumar Gala <galak@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Olof Johansson <olof@xxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Gregory CLEMENT <gregory.clement@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul@xxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Chen-Yu Tsai <wens@xxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: devicetree@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@xxxxxxx>
> ---
>
> Changes from v1:
>  - removed section regarding capacity-scale
>  - added information regarding normalization
>
> Changes from v4:
>  - binding changed to capacity-dmips-mhz
>  - sections and changelod updated accordingly
>
> Changes from v5:
>  - addressed Mark and Vincent comments
> ---
>  .../devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt       | 236 +++++++++++++++++++++
>  Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt     |  10 +
>  2 files changed, 246 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..7809fbe0cdb7
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
> @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
> +==========================================
> +ARM CPUs capacity bindings
> +==========================================
> +
> +==========================================
> +1 - Introduction
> +==========================================
> +
> +ARM systems may be configured to have cpus with different power/performance
> +characteristics within the same chip. In this case, additional information has
> +to be made available to the kernel for it to be aware of such differences and
> +take decisions accordingly.
> +
> +==========================================
> +2 - CPU capacity definition
> +==========================================
> +
> +CPU capacity is a number that provides the scheduler information about CPUs
> +heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity can come from micro-architectural differences
> +(e.g., ARM big.LITTLE systems) or maximum frequency at which CPUs can run
> +(e.g., SMP systems with multiple frequency domains). Heterogeneity in this
> +context is about differing performance characteristics; this binding tries to
> +capture a first-order approximation of the relative performance of CPUs.
> +
> +CPU capacities are obtained by running a suitable benchmark. This binding makes
> +no guarantees on the validity or suitability of any particular benchmark, the
> +final capacity should, however, be:
> +
> +* A "single-threaded" or CPU affine benchmark
> +* Divided by the running frequency of the CPU executing the benchmark
> +* Not subject to dynamic frequency scaling of the CPU
> +
> +For the time being we however advise usage of the Dhrystone benchmark. What
> +above thus becomes:
> +
> +CPU capacities are obtained by running the Dhrystone benchmark on each CPU at
> +max frequency (with caches enabled). The obtained DMIPS score is then divided
> +by the frequency (in MHz) at which the benchmark has been run, so that
> +DMIPS/MHz are obtained.  Such values are then normalized w.r.t. the highest
> +score obtained in the system.
> +
> +==========================================
> +3 - capacity-dmips-mhz
> +==========================================
> +
> +capacity-dmips-mhz is an optional cpu node [1] property: u32 value
> +representing CPU capacity expressed in normalized DMIPS/MHz. At boot time, the
> +maximum frequency available to the cpu is then used to calculate the capacity
> +value internally used by the kernel.
> +
> +capacity-dmips-mhz property is all-or-nothing: if it is specified for a cpu
> +node, it has to be specified for every other cpu nodes, or the system will
> +fall back to the default capacity value for every CPU. If cpufreq is not
> +available, final capacities are calculated by directly using capacity-dmips-
> +mhz values (normalized w.r.t. the highest value found while parsing the DT).
> +
> +===========================================
> +4 - Examples
> +===========================================
> +
> +Example 1 (ARM 64-bit, 6-cpu system, two clusters):
> +capacities-dmips-mhz are scaled w.r.t. 1024 (cpu@0 and cpu@1)
> +supposing cluster0@max-freq=1100 and custer1@max-freq=850,
> +final capacities are 1024 for cluster0 and 446 for cluster1
> +
> +cpus {
> +       #address-cells = <2>;
> +       #size-cells = <0>;
> +
> +       cpu-map {
> +               cluster0 {
> +                       core0 {
> +                               cpu = <&A57_0>;
> +                       };
> +                       core1 {
> +                               cpu = <&A57_1>;
> +                       };
> +               };
> +
> +               cluster1 {
> +                       core0 {
> +                               cpu = <&A53_0>;
> +                       };
> +                       core1 {
> +                               cpu = <&A53_1>;
> +                       };
> +                       core2 {
> +                               cpu = <&A53_2>;
> +                       };
> +                       core3 {
> +                               cpu = <&A53_3>;
> +                       };
> +               };
> +       };
> +
> +       idle-states {
> +               entry-method = "arm,psci";
> +
> +               CPU_SLEEP_0: cpu-sleep-0 {
> +                       compatible = "arm,idle-state";
> +                       arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>;
> +                       local-timer-stop;
> +                       entry-latency-us = <100>;
> +                       exit-latency-us = <250>;
> +                       min-residency-us = <150>;
> +               };
> +
> +               CLUSTER_SLEEP_0: cluster-sleep-0 {
> +                       compatible = "arm,idle-state";
> +                       arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>;
> +                       local-timer-stop;
> +                       entry-latency-us = <800>;
> +                       exit-latency-us = <700>;
> +                       min-residency-us = <2500>;
> +               };
> +       };
> +
> +       A57_0: cpu@0 {
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
> +               reg = <0x0 0x0>;
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               enable-method = "psci";
> +               next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
> +               clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
> +               cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
> +       };
> +
> +       A57_1: cpu@1 {
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
> +               reg = <0x0 0x1>;
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               enable-method = "psci";
> +               next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
> +               clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
> +               cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
> +       };
> +
> +       A53_0: cpu@100 {
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> +               reg = <0x0 0x100>;
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               enable-method = "psci";
> +               next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> +               clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> +               cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> +       };
> +
> +       A53_1: cpu@101 {
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> +               reg = <0x0 0x101>;
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               enable-method = "psci";
> +               next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> +               clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> +               cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> +       };
> +
> +       A53_2: cpu@102 {
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> +               reg = <0x0 0x102>;
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               enable-method = "psci";
> +               next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> +               clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> +               cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> +       };
> +
> +       A53_3: cpu@103 {
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> +               reg = <0x0 0x103>;
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               enable-method = "psci";
> +               next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> +               clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> +               cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> +       };
> +
> +       A57_L2: l2-cache0 {
> +               compatible = "cache";
> +       };
> +
> +       A53_L2: l2-cache1 {
> +               compatible = "cache";
> +       };
> +};
> +
> +Example 2 (ARM 32-bit, 4-cpu system, two clusters,
> +          cpus 0,1@1GHz, cpus 2,3@500MHz):
> +capacities-dmips-mhz are scaled w.r.t. 2 (cpu@0 and cpu@1), this means that first
> +cpu@0 and cpu@1 are twice fast than cpu@2 and cpu@3 (at the same frequency)
> +
> +cpus {
> +       #address-cells = <1>;
> +       #size-cells = <0>;
> +
> +       cpu0: cpu@0 {
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> +               reg = <0>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
> +       };
> +
> +       cpu1: cpu@1 {
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> +               reg = <1>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
> +       };
> +
> +       cpu2: cpu@2 {
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> +               reg = <0x100>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
> +       };
> +
> +       cpu3: cpu@3 {
> +               device_type = "cpu";
> +               compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> +               reg = <0x101>;
> +               capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
> +       };
> +};
> +
> +===========================================
> +5 - References
> +===========================================
> +
> +[1] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - CPUs bindings
> +    Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> index 3f0cbbb8395f..d79442d6fdf8 100644
> --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> @@ -238,6 +238,14 @@ nodes to be present and contain the properties described below.
>                         # List of phandles to idle state nodes supported
>                           by this cpu [3].
>
> +       - capacity-dmips-mhz
> +               Usage: Optional
> +               Value type: <u32>
> +               Definition:
> +                       # u32 value representing CPU capacity [3] in
> +                         DMIPS/MHz, relative to highest capacity-dmips-mhz
> +                         in the system.

FWIW, Acked-by Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@xxxxxxxxxx>

> +
>         - rockchip,pmu
>                 Usage: optional for systems that have an "enable-method"
>                        property value of "rockchip,rk3066-smp"
> @@ -461,3 +469,5 @@ cpus {
>  [2] arm/msm/qcom,kpss-acc.txt
>  [3] ARM Linux kernel documentation - idle states bindings
>      Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/idle-states.txt
> +[3] ARM Linux kernel documentation - cpu capacity bindings
> +    Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
> --
> 2.7.0
>