[patch 19/60] x86/entry/64: Create a per-CPU SYSCALL entry trampoline

[Thomas Gleixner]

From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@xxxxxxxxxx>

Handling SYSCALL is tricky: the SYSCALL handler is entered with every
single register (except FLAGS), including RSP, live.  It somehow needs
to set RSP to point to a valid stack, which means it needs to save the
user RSP somewhere and find its own stack pointer.  The canonical way
to do this is with SWAPGS, which lets us access percpu data using the
%gs prefix.

With KERNEL_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION-like pagetable switching, this is
problematic.  Without a scratch register, switching CR3 is impossible, so
%gs-based percpu memory would need to be mapped in the user pagetables.
Doing that without information leaks is difficult or impossible.

Instead, use a different sneaky trick.  Map a copy of the first part
of the SYSCALL asm at a different address for each CPU.  Now RIP
varies depending on the CPU, so we can use RIP-relative memory access
to access percpu memory.  By putting the relevant information (one
scratch slot and the stack address) at a constant offset relative to
RIP, we can make SYSCALL work without relying on %gs.

A nice thing about this approach is that we can easily switch it on
and off if we want pagetable switching to be configurable.

The compat variant of SYSCALL doesn't have this problem in the first
place -- there are plenty of scratch registers, since we don't care
about preserving r8-r15.  This patch therefore doesn't touch SYSCALL32
at all.

This patch actually seems to be a small speedup.  With this patch,
SYSCALL touches an extra cache line and an extra virtual page, but
the pipeline no longer stalls waiting for SWAPGS.  It seems that, at
least in a tight loop, the latter outweights the former.

Thanks to David Laight for an optimization tip.

XXX: Whenever we settle how KERNEL_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION gets turned on
and off, we should do the same to this.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bpetkov@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b95ccae0a5a2f090c901e49fce7c9e8ff6acd40d.1511497875.git.luto@xxxxxxxxxx

---
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S     |   58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/fixmap.h |    2 +
 arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c |    1 
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c  |   15 ++++++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S |    9 ++++++
 5 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
@@ -140,6 +140,64 @@ END(native_usergs_sysret64)
  * with them due to bugs in both AMD and Intel CPUs.
  */
 
+	.pushsection .entry_trampoline, "ax"
+
+/*
+ * The code in here gets remapped into cpu_entry_area's trampoline.  This means
+ * that the assembler and linker have the wrong idea as to where this code
+ * lives (and, in fact, it's mapped more than once, so it's not even at a
+ * fixed address).  So we can't reference any symbols outside the entry
+ * trampoline and expect it to work.
+ *
+ * Instead, we carefully abuse %rip-relative addressing.
+ * _entry_trampoline(%rip) refers to the start of the remapped) entry
+ * trampoline.  We can thus find cpu_entry_area with this macro:
+ */
+
+#define CPU_ENTRY_AREA \
+	_entry_trampoline - CPU_ENTRY_AREA_entry_trampoline(%rip)
+
+/* The top word of the SYSENTER stack is hot and is usable as scratch space. */
+#define RSP_SCRATCH	CPU_ENTRY_AREA_tss + CPU_TSS_SYSENTER_stack + \
+			SIZEOF_SYSENTER_stack - 8 + CPU_ENTRY_AREA
+
+ENTRY(entry_SYSCALL_64_trampoline)
+	UNWIND_HINT_EMPTY
+	swapgs
+
+	/* Stash the user RSP. */
+	movq	%rsp, RSP_SCRATCH
+
+	/* Load the top of the task stack into RSP */
+	movq	CPU_ENTRY_AREA_tss + TSS_sp1 + CPU_ENTRY_AREA, %rsp
+
+	/* Start building the simulated IRET frame. */
+	pushq	$__USER_DS			/* pt_regs->ss */
+	pushq	RSP_SCRATCH			/* pt_regs->sp */
+	pushq	%r11				/* pt_regs->flags */
+	pushq	$__USER_CS			/* pt_regs->cs */
+	pushq	%rcx				/* pt_regs->ip */
+
+	/*
+	 * x86 lacks a near absolute jump, and we can't jump to the real
+	 * entry text with a relative jump.  We could push the target
+	 * address and then use retq, but this destroys the pipeline on
+	 * many CPUs (wasting over 20 cycles on Sandy Bridge).  Instead,
+	 * spill RDI and restore it in a second-stage trampoline.
+	 */
+	pushq	%rdi
+	movq	$entry_SYSCALL_64_stage2, %rdi
+	jmp	*%rdi
+END(entry_SYSCALL_64_trampoline)
+
+	.popsection
+
+ENTRY(entry_SYSCALL_64_stage2)
+	UNWIND_HINT_EMPTY
+	popq	%rdi
+	jmp	entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe
+END(entry_SYSCALL_64_stage2)
+
 ENTRY(entry_SYSCALL_64)
 	UNWIND_HINT_EMPTY
 	/*
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fixmap.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fixmap.h
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ struct cpu_entry_area {
 	 * of the TSS region.
 	 */
 	struct tss_struct tss;
+
+	char entry_trampoline[PAGE_SIZE];
 };
 
 #define CPU_ENTRY_AREA_PAGES (sizeof(struct cpu_entry_area) / PAGE_SIZE)
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -101,4 +101,5 @@ void common(void) {
 
 	/* Layout info for cpu_entry_area */
 	OFFSET(CPU_ENTRY_AREA_tss, cpu_entry_area, tss);
+	OFFSET(CPU_ENTRY_AREA_entry_trampoline, cpu_entry_area, entry_trampoline);
 }
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -510,6 +510,8 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_entry_area *,
 static inline void setup_cpu_entry_area(int cpu)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+	extern char _entry_trampoline[];
+
 	/* On 64-bit systems, we use a read-only fixmap GDT. */
 	pgprot_t gdt_prot = PAGE_KERNEL_RO;
 #else
@@ -556,6 +558,11 @@ static inline void setup_cpu_entry_area(
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 	this_cpu_write(cpu_entry_area, get_cpu_entry_area(cpu));
 #endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+	__set_fixmap(get_cpu_entry_area_index(cpu, entry_trampoline),
+		     __pa_symbol(_entry_trampoline), PAGE_KERNEL_RX);
+#endif
 }
 
 /* Load the original GDT from the per-cpu structure */
@@ -1420,10 +1427,16 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU_PAGE_ALIGNED(char,
 /* May not be marked __init: used by software suspend */
 void syscall_init(void)
 {
+	extern char _entry_trampoline[];
+	extern char entry_SYSCALL_64_trampoline[];
+
 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	unsigned long SYSCALL64_entry_trampoline =
+		(unsigned long)get_cpu_entry_area(cpu)->entry_trampoline +
+		(entry_SYSCALL_64_trampoline - _entry_trampoline);
 
 	wrmsr(MSR_STAR, 0, (__USER32_CS << 16) | __KERNEL_CS);
-	wrmsrl(MSR_LSTAR, (unsigned long)entry_SYSCALL_64);
+	wrmsrl(MSR_LSTAR, SYSCALL64_entry_trampoline);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
 	wrmsrl(MSR_CSTAR, (unsigned long)entry_SYSCALL_compat);
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -107,6 +107,15 @@ SECTIONS
 		SOFTIRQENTRY_TEXT
 		*(.fixup)
 		*(.gnu.warning)
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+		. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
+		_entry_trampoline = .;
+		*(.entry_trampoline)
+		. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
+		ASSERT(. - _entry_trampoline == PAGE_SIZE, "entry trampoline is too big");
+#endif
+
 		/* End of text section */
 		_etext = .;
 	} :text = 0x9090