Re: [PATCH v4 08/73] xarray: Add documentation

[Matthew Wilcox]

On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 03:10:22PM -0800, Randy Dunlap wrote:
> > +A freshly-initialised XArray contains a ``NULL`` pointer at every index.
> > +Each non-``NULL`` entry in the array has three bits associated with
> > +it called tags.  Each tag may be flipped on or off independently of
> > +the others.  You can search for entries with a given tag set.
> 
> Only tags that are set, or search for entries with some tag(s) cleared?
> Or is that like a mathematical set?

hmm ...

"Each tag may be set or cleared independently of the others.  You can
search for entries which have a particular tag set."

Doesn't completely remove the ambiguity, but I can't think of how to phrase
that better ...

> > +Normal pointers may be stored in the XArray directly.  They must be 4-byte
> > +aligned, which is true for any pointer returned from :c:func:`kmalloc` and
> > +:c:func:`alloc_page`.  It isn't true for arbitrary user-space pointers,
> > +nor for function pointers.  You can store pointers to statically allocated
> > +objects, as long as those objects have an alignment of at least 4.
> 
> This (above) is due to the internal usage of low bits for flags?

Sort of ... if bit 0 is set then we're storing an integer (see below),
and if bit 0 is clear and bit 1 is set, then it's an internal entry.

But I don't want the implementation details to leak into the user manual.
>From the user's point of view, they can store a pointer to anything they
allocated with kmalloc.  If they want to store an arbitrary pointer,
they're out of luck.

> > +The XArray does not support storing :c:func:`IS_ERR` pointers; some
> > +conflict with data values and others conflict with entries the XArray
> > +uses for its own purposes.  If you need to store special values which
> > +cannot be confused with real kernel pointers, the values 4, 8, ... 4092
> > +are available.
> 
> or if I know that they values are errno-range values, I can just shift them
> left by 2 to store them and then shift them right by 2 to use them?

Yes, the values -4 to -4092 also make good error signals.

> oh, or use the following function?
> 
> > +You can also store integers between 0 and ``LONG_MAX`` in the XArray.
> > +You must first convert it into an entry using :c:func:`xa_mk_value`.
> > +When you retrieve an entry from the XArray, you can check whether it is
> > +a data value by calling :c:func:`xa_is_value`, and convert it back to
> > +an integer by calling :c:func:`xa_to_value`.

Yup, you could also store errors as integers, if you like.  Your choice :-)

> > +You can enquire whether a tag is set on an entry by using
> > +:c:func:`xa_get_tag`.  If the entry is not ``NULL``, you can set a tag
> > +on it by using :c:func:`xa_set_tag` and remove the tag from an entry by
> > +calling :c:func:`xa_clear_tag`.  You can ask whether any entry in the
> 
>                                                         an entry
> 
> > +XArray has a particular tag set by calling :c:func:`xa_tagged`.
> 
> or maybe I don't understand.  Does xa_tagged() test one entry and return its
> "tagged" result/status?  or does it test (potentially) the entire array to search
> for a particular tag value?

It asks the question "Does any entry in the array have tag N set?"

> > +If the xa_state is holding an %ENOMEM error, calling :c:func:`xas_nomem`
> > +will attempt to allocate more memory using the specified gfp flags and
> > +cache it in the xa_state for the next attempt.  The idea is that you take
> > +the xa_lock, attempt the operation and drop the lock.  The operation
> > +attempts to allocate memory while holding the lock, but it is more
> > +likely to fail.  Once you have dropped the lock, :c:func:`xas_nomem`
> > +can try harder to allocate more memory.  It will return ``true`` if it
> > +is worth retrying the operation (ie that there was a memory error *and*
> 
>                          usually    i.e.
> 
> > +more memory was allocated.  If it has previously allocated memory, and
> 
>                    allocated).

Thanks!

> > +If you need to move to a different index in the XArray, call
> > +:c:func:`xas_set`.  This reinitialises the cursor which will generally
> 
> I would put a comma .... here.......................^
> but consult your $editor.  :)

I'll ask her, but I think you're right :-)

> Nicely done.  Thanks.

Thanks for the review!  I think we're still struggling a little to
talk about tags in an unambiguous way, but apart from that it feels
pretty good.