[PATCH v3] writeback: safer lock nesting

[Greg Thelen]

lock_page_memcg()/unlock_page_memcg() use spin_lock_irqsave/restore() if
the page's memcg is undergoing move accounting, which occurs when a
process leaves its memcg for a new one that has
memory.move_charge_at_immigrate set.

unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin,end() use spin_lock_irq/spin_unlock_irq() if the
given inode is switching writeback domains.  Switches occur when enough
writes are issued from a new domain.

This existing pattern is thus suspicious:
    lock_page_memcg(page);
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
    ...
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
    unlock_page_memcg(page);

If both inode switch and process memcg migration are both in-flight then
unlocked_inode_to_wb_end() will unconditionally enable interrupts while
still holding the lock_page_memcg() irq spinlock.  This suggests the
possibility of deadlock if an interrupt occurs before
unlock_page_memcg().

    truncate
    __cancel_dirty_page
    lock_page_memcg
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_end
    <interrupts mistakenly enabled>
                                    <interrupt>
                                    end_page_writeback
                                    test_clear_page_writeback
                                    lock_page_memcg
                                    <deadlock>
    unlock_page_memcg

Due to configuration limitations this deadlock is not currently possible
because we don't mix cgroup writeback (a cgroupv2 feature) and
memory.move_charge_at_immigrate (a cgroupv1 feature).

If the kernel is hacked to always claim inode switching and memcg
moving_account, then this script triggers lockup in less than a minute:
  cd /mnt/cgroup/memory
  mkdir a b
  echo 1 > a/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate
  echo 1 > b/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate
  (
    echo $BASHPID > a/cgroup.procs
    while true; do
      dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/big bs=1M count=256
    done
  ) &
  while true; do
    sync
  done &
  sleep 1h &
  SLEEP=$!
  while true; do
    echo $SLEEP > a/cgroup.procs
    echo $SLEEP > b/cgroup.procs
  done

Given the deadlock is not currently possible, it's debatable if there's
any reason to modify the kernel.  I suggest we should to prevent future
surprises.

Reported-by: Wang Long <wanglong19@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@xxxxxxxxxx>
Change-Id: Ibb773e8045852978f6207074491d262f1b3fb613
---
Changelog since v2:
- explicitly initialize wb_lock_cookie to silence compiler warnings.

Changelog since v1:
- add wb_lock_cookie to record lock context.

 fs/fs-writeback.c                |  7 ++++---
 include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h |  5 +++++
 include/linux/backing-dev.h      | 30 ++++++++++++++++--------------
 mm/page-writeback.c              | 18 +++++++++---------
 4 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c
index 1280f915079b..f4b2f6625913 100644
--- a/fs/fs-writeback.c
+++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c
@@ -745,11 +745,12 @@ int inode_congested(struct inode *inode, int cong_bits)
 	 */
 	if (inode && inode_to_wb_is_valid(inode)) {
 		struct bdi_writeback *wb;
-		bool locked, congested;
+		struct wb_lock_cookie lock_cookie;
+		bool congested;
 
-		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
+		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &lock_cookie);
 		congested = wb_congested(wb, cong_bits);
-		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
+		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, &lock_cookie);
 		return congested;
 	}
 
diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
index bfe86b54f6c1..0bd432a4d7bd 100644
--- a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
@@ -223,6 +223,11 @@ static inline void set_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
 	set_wb_congested(bdi->wb.congested, sync);
 }
 
+struct wb_lock_cookie {
+	bool locked;
+	unsigned long flags;
+};
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
 
 /**
diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev.h b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
index 3e4ce54d84ab..1d744c61d996 100644
--- a/include/linux/backing-dev.h
+++ b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ static inline struct bdi_writeback *inode_to_wb(const struct inode *inode)
 /**
  * unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin - begin unlocked inode wb access transaction
  * @inode: target inode
- * @lockedp: temp bool output param, to be passed to the end function
+ * @cookie: output param, to be passed to the end function
  *
  * The caller wants to access the wb associated with @inode but isn't
  * holding inode->i_lock, mapping->tree_lock or wb->list_lock.  This
@@ -354,12 +354,11 @@ static inline struct bdi_writeback *inode_to_wb(const struct inode *inode)
  * association doesn't change until the transaction is finished with
  * unlocked_inode_to_wb_end().
  *
- * The caller must call unlocked_inode_to_wb_end() with *@lockdep
- * afterwards and can't sleep during transaction.  IRQ may or may not be
- * disabled on return.
+ * The caller must call unlocked_inode_to_wb_end() with *@cookie afterwards and
+ * can't sleep during transaction.  IRQ may or may not be disabled on return.
  */
 static inline struct bdi_writeback *
-unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(struct inode *inode, bool *lockedp)
+unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(struct inode *inode, struct wb_lock_cookie *cookie)
 {
 	rcu_read_lock();
 
@@ -367,10 +366,10 @@ unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(struct inode *inode, bool *lockedp)
 	 * Paired with store_release in inode_switch_wb_work_fn() and
 	 * ensures that we see the new wb if we see cleared I_WB_SWITCH.
 	 */
-	*lockedp = smp_load_acquire(&inode->i_state) & I_WB_SWITCH;
+	cookie->locked = smp_load_acquire(&inode->i_state) & I_WB_SWITCH;
 
-	if (unlikely(*lockedp))
-		spin_lock_irq(&inode->i_mapping->tree_lock);
+	if (unlikely(cookie->locked))
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&inode->i_mapping->tree_lock, cookie->flags);
 
 	/*
 	 * Protected by either !I_WB_SWITCH + rcu_read_lock() or tree_lock.
@@ -382,12 +381,14 @@ unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(struct inode *inode, bool *lockedp)
 /**
  * unlocked_inode_to_wb_end - end inode wb access transaction
  * @inode: target inode
- * @locked: *@lockedp from unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin()
+ * @cookie: @cookie from unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin()
  */
-static inline void unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(struct inode *inode, bool locked)
+static inline void unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(struct inode *inode,
+					    struct wb_lock_cookie *cookie)
 {
-	if (unlikely(locked))
-		spin_unlock_irq(&inode->i_mapping->tree_lock);
+	if (unlikely(cookie->locked))
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&inode->i_mapping->tree_lock,
+				       cookie->flags);
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
@@ -434,12 +435,13 @@ static inline struct bdi_writeback *inode_to_wb(struct inode *inode)
 }
 
 static inline struct bdi_writeback *
-unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(struct inode *inode, bool *lockedp)
+unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(struct inode *inode, struct wb_lock_cookie *cookie)
 {
 	return inode_to_wb(inode);
 }
 
-static inline void unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(struct inode *inode, bool locked)
+static inline void unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(struct inode *inode,
+					    struct wb_lock_cookie *cookie)
 {
 }
 
diff --git a/mm/page-writeback.c b/mm/page-writeback.c
index 586f31261c83..bc38a2a7a597 100644
--- a/mm/page-writeback.c
+++ b/mm/page-writeback.c
@@ -2501,13 +2501,13 @@ void account_page_redirty(struct page *page)
 	if (mapping && mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
 		struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 		struct bdi_writeback *wb;
-		bool locked;
+		struct wb_lock_cookie cookie = {0};
 
-		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
+		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &cookie);
 		current->nr_dirtied--;
 		dec_node_page_state(page, NR_DIRTIED);
 		dec_wb_stat(wb, WB_DIRTIED);
-		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
+		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, &cookie);
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(account_page_redirty);
@@ -2613,15 +2613,15 @@ void __cancel_dirty_page(struct page *page)
 	if (mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
 		struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 		struct bdi_writeback *wb;
-		bool locked;
+		struct wb_lock_cookie cookie = {0};
 
 		lock_page_memcg(page);
-		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
+		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &cookie);
 
 		if (TestClearPageDirty(page))
 			account_page_cleaned(page, mapping, wb);
 
-		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
+		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, &cookie);
 		unlock_page_memcg(page);
 	} else {
 		ClearPageDirty(page);
@@ -2653,7 +2653,7 @@ int clear_page_dirty_for_io(struct page *page)
 	if (mapping && mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
 		struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 		struct bdi_writeback *wb;
-		bool locked;
+		struct wb_lock_cookie cookie = {0};
 
 		/*
 		 * Yes, Virginia, this is indeed insane.
@@ -2690,14 +2690,14 @@ int clear_page_dirty_for_io(struct page *page)
 		 * always locked coming in here, so we get the desired
 		 * exclusion.
 		 */
-		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
+		wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &cookie);
 		if (TestClearPageDirty(page)) {
 			dec_lruvec_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY);
 			dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING);
 			dec_wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE);
 			ret = 1;
 		}
-		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
+		unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, &cookie);
 		return ret;
 	}
 	return TestClearPageDirty(page);
-- 
2.17.0.484.g0c8726318c-goog