Re: KVM guest sometimes failed to boot because of kernel stack overflow if KPTI is enabled on a hisilicon ARM64 platform.

From: Wei Xu
Date: Fri Jun 22 2018 - 09:47:17 EST

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In reply to: Will Deacon: "Re: KVM guest sometimes failed to boot because of kernel stack overflow if KPTI is enabled on a hisilicon ARM64 platform."
Next in thread: Will Deacon: "Re: KVM guest sometimes failed to boot because of kernel stack overflow if KPTI is enabled on a hisilicon ARM64 platform."
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Hi Will,

On 2018/6/22 21:31, Will Deacon wrote:

Hi again, Wei,

On Fri, Jun 22, 2018 at 09:18:27PM +0800, Wei Xu wrote:

On 2018/6/22 19:16, Will Deacon wrote:

On Fri, Jun 22, 2018 at 06:45:15PM +0800, Wei Xu wrote:

On 2018/6/22 17:23, Will Deacon wrote:

Perhaps just writing back the table entries is enough to cause the issue,
although I really can't understand why that would be the case. Can you try
the diff below (without my previous change), please?

Thanks!
But it does not resolve the issue(only apply this patch based on 4.17.0).

Thanks, that's a useful data point. It means that it still crashes even if
we write back the same table entries, so it's the fact that we're writing
them at all which causes the problem, not the value that we write.

Whilst looking at the code, we noticed a missing DMB. On the off-chance
that it helps, can you try this instead please?

Thanks!
Only apply below patch based on 4.17.0, we still got the crash.

Oh well, it was worth a shot (and that's still a fix worth having). Please
can you provide the complete disassembly for kpti_install_ng_mappings()
(I'm referring to the C function in cpufeature.c) along with a corresponding
crash log so that we can correlate the instruction stream with the crash?

Just let me know if you need more information.
Thanks!

The disassemble code is as below:
Dump of assembler code for function kpti_install_ng_mappings:
0xffff000008091d68 <+0>: stp x29, x30, [sp,#-112]!
0xffff000008091d6c <+4>: adrp x0, 0xffff000009022000 <bp_hardening_data>
0xffff000008091d70 <+8>: mov x29, sp
0xffff000008091d74 <+12>: stp x23, x24, [sp,#48]
0xffff000008091d78 <+16>: adrp x24, 0xffff000009191000 <reset_devices>
0xffff000008091d7c <+20>: add x0, x0, #0x10
0xffff000008091d80 <+24>: add x1, x24, #0x550
0xffff000008091d84 <+28>: stp x19, x20, [sp,#16]
0xffff000008091d88 <+32>: stp x21, x22, [sp,#32]
0xffff000008091d8c <+36>: stp x25, x26, [sp,#64]
0xffff000008091d90 <+40>: stp x27, x28, [sp,#80]
0xffff000008091d94 <+44>: mrs x2, tpidr_el1
0xffff000008091d98 <+48>: ldrb w1, [x1,#8]
0xffff000008091d9c <+52>: ldr w20, [x2,x0]
0xffff000008091da0 <+56>: cbnz w1, 0xffff000008091f18 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+432>
0xffff000008091da4 <+60>: adrp x27, 0xffff000008ea9000 <cpu_ops+384>
0xffff000008091da8 <+64>: adrp x19, 0xffff000009190000 <empty_zero_page>
0xffff000008091dac <+68>: add x19, x19, #0x0
0xffff000008091db0 <+72>: adrp x1, 0xffff000008a44000 <kimage_vaddr>
0xffff000008091db4 <+76>: mov x0, x19
0xffff000008091db8 <+80>: add x1, x1, #0x3d8
0xffff000008091dbc <+84>: ldr x2, [x27,#672]
0xffff000008091dc0 <+88>: sub x4, x1, x2
0xffff000008091dc4 <+92>: sub x0, x0, x2
0xffff000008091dc8 <+96>: msr ttbr0_el1, x0
0xffff000008091dcc <+100>: isb
0xffff000008091dd0 <+104>: dsb nshst
0xffff000008091dd4 <+108>: tlbi vmalle1
0xffff000008091dd8 <+112>: nop
0xffff000008091ddc <+116>: nop
0xffff000008091de0 <+120>: dsb nsh
0xffff000008091de4 <+124>: isb
0xffff000008091de8 <+128>: adrp x3, 0xffff000009056000 <armv8_event_attr_sw_incr+8>
0xffff000008091dec <+132>: ldr x0, [x3,#2248]
0xffff000008091df0 <+136>: cmp x0, #0x10
0xffff000008091df4 <+140>: b.ne 0xffff000008091f64 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+508>
0xffff000008091df8 <+144>: adrp x28, 0xffff000008ea9000 <cpu_ops+384>
0xffff000008091dfc <+148>: ldr x2, [x27,#672]
0xffff000008091e00 <+152>: adrp x1, 0xffff0000091f3000
0xffff000008091e04 <+156>: adrp x26, 0xffff0000091f7000
0xffff000008091e08 <+160>: add x1, x1, #0x0
0xffff000008091e0c <+164>: add x21, x26, #0x0
0xffff000008091e10 <+168>: ldr x0, [x28,#656]
0xffff000008091e14 <+172>: adrp x23, 0xffff000008ea9000 <cpu_ops+384>
0xffff000008091e18 <+176>: sub x1, x1, x2
0xffff000008091e1c <+180>: sub x1, x1, x0
0xffff000008091e20 <+184>: orr x0, x1, #0xffff800000000000
0xffff000008091e24 <+188>: cmp x0, x21
0xffff000008091e28 <+192>: b.eq 0xffff000008091f60 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+504>
0xffff000008091e2c <+196>: mov x22, x19
0xffff000008091e30 <+200>: str x3, [x29,#96]
0xffff000008091e34 <+204>: str x4, [x29,#104]
0xffff000008091e38 <+208>: sub x2, x22, x2
0xffff000008091e3c <+212>: msr ttbr0_el1, x2
0xffff000008091e40 <+216>: isb
0xffff000008091e44 <+220>: ldr x0, [x28,#656]
0xffff000008091e48 <+224>: and x1, x1, #0x7fffffffffff
0xffff000008091e4c <+228>: adrp x25, 0xffff00000906d000 <shmem_swaplist_mutex+16>
0xffff000008091e50 <+232>: add x0, x1, x0
0xffff000008091e54 <+236>: add x1, x25, #0x7b0
0xffff000008091e58 <+240>: bl 0xffff0000080a021c <cpu_do_switch_mm>
0xffff000008091e5c <+244>: adrp x0, 0xffff00000904a000 <__cpu_online_mask>
0xffff000008091e60 <+248>: mov w1, #0x80 // #128
0xffff000008091e64 <+252>: add x0, x0, #0x0
0xffff000008091e68 <+256>: bl 0xffff0000083e22f0 <__bitmap_weight>
0xffff000008091e6c <+260>: mov w1, w0
0xffff000008091e70 <+264>: ldr x5, [x23,#672]
0xffff000008091e74 <+268>: mov w0, w20
0xffff000008091e78 <+272>: ldr x4, [x29,#104]
0xffff000008091e7c <+276>: mov x2, x21
0xffff000008091e80 <+280>: sub x2, x2, x5
0xffff000008091e84 <+284>: blr x4
0xffff000008091e88 <+288>: ldr x1, [x23,#672]
0xffff000008091e8c <+292>: mrs x0, sp_el0
0xffff000008091e90 <+296>: sub x22, x22, x1
0xffff000008091e94 <+300>: ldr x1, [x0,#1128]
0xffff000008091e98 <+304>: msr ttbr0_el1, x22
0xffff000008091e9c <+308>: isb
0xffff000008091ea0 <+312>: dsb nshst
0xffff000008091ea4 <+316>: tlbi vmalle1
0xffff000008091ea8 <+320>: nop
0xffff000008091eac <+324>: nop
0xffff000008091eb0 <+328>: dsb nsh
0xffff000008091eb4 <+332>: isb
0xffff000008091eb8 <+336>: ldr x3, [x29,#96]
0xffff000008091ebc <+340>: ldr x0, [x3,#2248]
0xffff000008091ec0 <+344>: cmp x0, #0x10
0xffff000008091ec4 <+348>: b.ne 0xffff000008091f48 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+480>
0xffff000008091ec8 <+352>: add x25, x25, #0x7b0
0xffff000008091ecc <+356>: cmp x1, x25
0xffff000008091ed0 <+360>: b.eq 0xffff000008091f08 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+416>
0xffff000008091ed4 <+364>: ldr x2, [x1,#64]
0xffff000008091ed8 <+368>: add x26, x26, #0x0
0xffff000008091edc <+372>: cmp x2, x26
0xffff000008091ee0 <+376>: b.eq 0xffff000008091f60 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+504>
0xffff000008091ee4 <+380>: ldr x0, [x27,#672]
0xffff000008091ee8 <+384>: sub x19, x19, x0
0xffff000008091eec <+388>: msr ttbr0_el1, x19
0xffff000008091ef0 <+392>: isb
0xffff000008091ef4 <+396>: tbz x2, #47, 0xffff000008091f34 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+460>
0xffff000008091ef8 <+400>: ldr x0, [x28,#656]
0xffff000008091efc <+404>: and x2, x2, #0x7fffffffffff
0xffff000008091f00 <+408>: add x0, x2, x0
0xffff000008091f04 <+412>: bl 0xffff0000080a021c <cpu_do_switch_mm>
0xffff000008091f08 <+416>: cbnz w20, 0xffff000008091f18 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+432>
0xffff000008091f0c <+420>: add x24, x24, #0x550
0xffff000008091f10 <+424>: mov w0, #0x1 // #1
0xffff000008091f14 <+428>: strb w0, [x24,#8]
0xffff000008091f18 <+432>: ldp x19, x20, [sp,#16]
0xffff000008091f1c <+436>: ldp x21, x22, [sp,#32]
0xffff000008091f20 <+440>: ldp x23, x24, [sp,#48]
0xffff000008091f24 <+444>: ldp x25, x26, [sp,#64]
0xffff000008091f28 <+448>: ldp x27, x28, [sp,#80]
0xffff000008091f2c <+452>: ldp x29, x30, [sp],#112
0xffff000008091f30 <+456>: ret
0xffff000008091f34 <+460>: adrp x0, 0xffff000008ea9000 <cpu_ops+384>
0xffff000008091f38 <+464>: ldr x0, [x0,#672]
0xffff000008091f3c <+468>: sub x0, x2, x0
0xffff000008091f40 <+472>: bl 0xffff0000080a021c <cpu_do_switch_mm>
0xffff000008091f44 <+476>: b 0xffff000008091f08 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+416>
0xffff000008091f48 <+480>: mrs x0, tcr_el1
0xffff000008091f4c <+484>: and x0, x0, #0xffffffffffffffc0
0xffff000008091f50 <+488>: orr x0, x0, #0x10
0xffff000008091f54 <+492>: msr tcr_el1, x0
0xffff000008091f58 <+496>: isb
0xffff000008091f5c <+500>: b 0xffff000008091ec8 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+352>
0xffff000008091f60 <+504>: brk #0x800
0xffff000008091f64 <+508>: mrs x1, tcr_el1
0xffff000008091f68 <+512>: and x1, x1, #0xffffffffffffffc0
0xffff000008091f6c <+516>: orr x0, x1, x0
0xffff000008091f70 <+520>: msr tcr_el1, x0
0xffff000008091f74 <+524>: isb
0xffff000008091f78 <+528>: b 0xffff000008091df8 <kpti_install_ng_mappings+144>
End of assembler dump.

The crash log for it is as :
estuary:/$ ./qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,kernel_irqchip=on,gic-version=3
-cpu host -enable-kvm -smp 1 -m 1024 -kernel ./Image-4.17-joyx -initrd
../mini-rootfs-arm64.cpio.gz -nographic -append "rdinit=init console=ttyAMA0 earlycon=pl011,0x9000000"
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x480fd010]
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.17.0-45864-g29dcea8-dirty (joyx@Turing-Arch-b) (gcc version 4.9.1 20140505 (prerelease) (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1-4.9-2014.05 - Linaro GCC 4.9-2014.05)) #16 SMP PREEMPT Fri Jun 22 21:05:10 CST 2018
[ 0.000000] Machine model: linux,dummy-virt
[ 0.000000] earlycon: pl11 at MMIO 0x0000000009000000 (options '')
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [pl11] enabled
[ 0.000000] efi: Getting EFI parameters from FDT:
[ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x000000007f000000
[ 0.000000] NUMA: No NUMA configuration found
[ 0.000000] NUMA: Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] NUMA: NODE_DATA [mem 0x7efeb300-0x7efecdff]
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT.
[ 0.000000] psci: PSCIv1.0 detected in firmware.
[ 0.000000] psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs
[ 0.000000] psci: Trusted OS migration not required
[ 0.000000] psci: SMC Calling Convention v1.1
[ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0xa8/0x418 with crng_init=0
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 24 pages/cpu @ (ptrval) s57984 r8192 d32128 u98304
[ 0.000000] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU0
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Kernel page table isolation (KPTI)
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Hardware dirty bit management
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258048
[ 0.000000] Policy zone: DMA32
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: rdinit=init console=ttyAMA0 earlycon=pl011,0x9000000
[ 0.000000] Memory: 968436K/1048576K available (10044K kernel code, 1328K rwdata, 4840K rodata, 1216K init, 409K bss, 63756K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=128 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] Tasks RCU enabled.
[ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] GICv3: Distributor has no Range Selector support
[ 0.000000] GICv3: no VLPI support, no direct LPI support
[ 0.000000] ITS [mem 0x08080000-0x0809ffff]
[ 0.000000] ITS@0x0000000008080000: allocated 8192 Devices @7d830000 (indirect, esz 8, psz 64K, shr 1)
[ 0.000000] ITS@0x0000000008080000: allocated 8192 Interrupt Collections @7d840000 (flat, esz 8, psz 64K, shr 1)
[ 0.000000] GIC: using LPI property table @0x000000007d850000
[ 0.000000] ITS: Allocated 1792 chunks for LPIs
[ 0.000000] GICv3: CPU0: found redistributor 0 region 0:0x00000000080a0000
[ 0.000000] CPU0: using LPI pending table @0x000000007d860000
[ 0.000000] GIC: PPI11 is secure or misconfigured
[ 0.000000] arch_timer: WARNING: Invalid trigger for IRQ3, assuming level low
[ 0.000000] arch_timer: WARNING: Please fix your firmware
[ 0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 100.00MHz (virt).
[ 0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x171024e7e0, max_idle_ns: 440795205315 ns
[ 0.000001] sched_clock: 56 bits at 100MHz, resolution 10ns, wraps every 4398046511100ns
[ 0.000849] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[ 0.001427] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 200.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=400000)
[ 0.002485] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.002966] Security Framework initialized
[ 0.003549] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
[ 0.004353] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
[ 0.005068] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.005858] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.025962] ASID allocator initialised with 32768 entries
[ 0.029972] Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.034341] Platform MSI: its domain created
[ 0.034793] PCI/MSI: /intc/its domain created
[ 0.035360] EFI services will not be available.
[ 0.038002] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.038472] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[ 0.038878] SMP: Total of 1 processors activated.
[ 0.039354] CPU features: detected: GIC system register CPU interface
[ 0.040004] CPU features: detected: Privileged Access Never
[ 0.040566] CPU features: detected: User Access Override
[ 0.042462] Insufficient stack space to handle exception!
[ 0.042464] ESR: 0x96000046 -- DABT (current EL)
[ 0.043781] FAR: 0xffff0000093a80e0
[ 0.044239] Task stack: [0xffff0000093a8000..0xffff0000093ac000]
[ 0.046967] IRQ stack: [0xffff000008000000..0xffff000008004000]
[ 0.053361] Overflow stack: [0xffff80003efce2f0..0xffff80003efcf2f0]
[ 0.059754] CPU: 0 PID: 12 Comm: migration/0 Not tainted 4.17.0-45864-g29dcea8-dirty #16
[ 0.067946] Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
[ 0.072644] pstate: 604003c5 (nZCv DAIF +PAN -UAO)
[ 0.077480] pc : el1_sync+0x0/0xb0
[ 0.080970] lr : kpti_install_ng_mappings+0x120/0x214
[ 0.086143] sp : ffff0000093a80e0
[ 0.089513] x29: ffff0000093abce0 x28: ffff000008ea9000
[ 0.094929] x27: ffff000008ea9000 x26: ffff0000091f7000
[ 0.100241] x25: ffff00000906d000 x24: ffff000009191000
[ 0.105657] x23: ffff000008ea9000 x22: 0000000041190000
[ 0.111448] x21: ffff0000091f7000 x20: 0000000000000000
[ 0.116437] x19: ffff000009190000 x18: 000000003455d99d
[ 0.121739] x17: 0000000000000001 x16: 00f8000040ffff13
[ 0.127155] x15: 000000007eff6000 x14: 000000007eff6000
[ 0.132576] x13: 00f800007fe00f11 x12: 000000007eff8000
[ 0.137886] x11: 000000007eff8000 x10: 0000000000000000
[ 0.143300] x9 : 000000007eff9000 x8 : 000000007eff9000
[ 0.148717] x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 00000000411f8000
[ 0.154028] x5 : 00000000411f8000 x4 : 0000000040a443d4
[ 0.159444] x3 : 00000000411f7000 x2 : 00000000411f7000
[ 0.164862] x1 : ffff00000906d7b0 x0 : ffff80003da61c00
[ 0.170179] Kernel panic - not syncing: kernel stack overflow
[ 0.176069] CPU: 0 PID: 12 Comm: migration/0 Not tainted 4.17.0-45864-g29dcea8-dirty #16
[ 0.184152] Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
[ 0.188851] Call trace:
[ 0.191380] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x180
[ 0.195113] show_stack+0x14/0x1c
[ 0.198488] dump_stack+0x90/0xb0
[ 0.201862] panic+0x138/0x2a0
[ 0.204989] __stack_chk_fail+0x0/0x18
[ 0.208836] handle_bad_stack+0x118/0x124
[ 0.212927] __bad_stack+0x88/0x8c
[ 0.216414] el1_sync+0x0/0xb0
[ 0.219544] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff0000093abce0
[ 0.227507] Mem abort info:
[ 0.230390] ESR = 0x96000006
[ 0.233517] Exception class = DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
[ 0.239428] SET = 0, FnV = 0
[ 0.242555] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
[ 0.245797] Data abort info:
[ 0.248795] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006
[ 0.252652] CM = 0, WnR = 0
[ 0.255769] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp = (ptrval)
[ 0.262645] [ffff0000093abce0] pgd=00000000411f8803, pud=00000000411f9803, pmd=0000000000000000
[ 0.271438] Internal error: Oops: 96000006 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[ 0.277098] Modules linked in:
[ 0.280227] CPU: 0 PID: 12 Comm: migration/0 Not tainted 4.17.0-45864-g29dcea8-dirty #16
[ 0.288310] Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
[ 0.293004] pstate: 204003c5 (nzCv DAIF +PAN -UAO)
[ 0.297931] pc : unwind_frame+0x28/0xc8
[ 0.301792] lr : dump_backtrace+0x12c/0x180
[ 0.306114] sp : ffff80003efcf000
[ 0.309483] x29: ffff80003efcf000 x28: ffff80003da61c00
[ 0.314798] x27: ffff000008ea9000 x26: ffff0000091f7000
[ 0.320216] x25: ffff00000906d000 x24: ffff0000093a80e0
[ 0.325527] x23: 0000000000000000 x22: ffff000008dbada8
[ 0.330941] x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff000009049000
[ 0.336355] x19: ffff80003da61c00 x18: 000000003455d99d
[ 0.341770] x17: 0000000000000001 x16: 00f8000040ffff13
[ 0.347078] x15: 000000007eff6000 x14: 642d386165636439
[ 0.352491] x13: 0000000000000000 x12: cc26f77952f87e00
[ 0.357905] x11: ffffffffffffffff x10: 0000000000000075
[ 0.363214] x9 : ffff0000085ae9e8 x8 : ffff80003efcec90
[ 0.368628] x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : ffff0000091befe1
[ 0.374053] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : ffff0000093ac000
[ 0.379363] x3 : ffff0000093a8000 x2 : ffff0000093abce0
[ 0.384779] x1 : ffff80003efcf048 x0 : ffff80003da61c00
[ 0.390196] Process migration/0 (pid: 12, stack limit = 0x (ptrval))
[ 0.397188] Call trace:
[ 0.399712] unwind_frame+0x28/0xc8
[ 0.403316] show_stack+0x14/0x1c
[ 0.406689] dump_stack+0x90/0xb0
[ 0.410065] panic+0x138/0x2a0
[ 0.413193] __stack_chk_fail+0x0/0x18
[ 0.416934] handle_bad_stack+0x118/0x124
[ 0.421025] __bad_stack+0x88/0x8c
[ 0.424513] el1_sync+0x0/0xb0
[ 0.427643] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff0000093abce0
[ 0.435604] Mem abort info:
[ 0.438488] ESR = 0x96000006
[ 0.441615] Exception class = DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
[ 0.447635] SET = 0, FnV = 0
[ 0.450759] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
[ 0.454002] Data abort info:
[ 0.456896] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006
[ 0.460863] CM = 0, WnR = 0
[ 0.463874] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp = (ptrval)
[ 0.470750] [ffff0000093abce0] pgd=00000000411f8803, pud=00000000411f9803, pmd=0000000000000000

Best Regards,
Wei

Thanks,

Will

.

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