Re: [PATCH v4] signal: add taskfd_send_signal() syscall

[Christian Brauner]

On December 7, 2018 4:01:19 AM GMT+13:00, ebiederm@xxxxxxxxxxxx wrote:
>Christian Brauner <christian@xxxxxxxxxx> writes:
>
>> The kill() syscall operates on process identifiers (pid). After a
>process
>> has exited its pid can be reused by another process. If a caller
>sends a
>> signal to a reused pid it will end up signaling the wrong process.
>This
>> issue has often surfaced and there has been a push [1] to address
>this
>> problem.
>>
>> This patch uses file descriptors (fd) from proc/<pid> as stable
>handles on
>> struct pid. Even if a pid is recycled the handle will not change. The
>fd
>> can be used to send signals to the process it refers to.
>> Thus, the new syscall taskfd_send_signal() is introduced to solve
>this
>> problem. Instead of pids it operates on process fds (taskfd).
>
>I am not yet thrilled with the taskfd naming.

Userspace cares about what does this thing operate on?
It operates on processes and threads.
The most common term people use is "task".
I literally "polled" ten non-kernel people for that purpose and asked:
"What term would you use to refer to a process and a thread?"
Turns out it is task. So if find this pretty apt.
Additionally, the proc manpage uses task in the exact same way (also see the commit message).
If you can get behind that name even if feeling it's not optimal it would be great.

>Is there any plan to support sesssions and process groups?

I don't see the necessity.
As I said in previous mails:
we can emulate all interesting signal syscalls with this one.
We succeeded in doing that.
No need to get more fancy.
There's currently no obvious need for more features.
Features should be implemented when someone actually needs them.

>
>I am concerned about using kill_pid_info.  It does this:
>
>
>	rcu_read_lock();
>	p = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
>	if (p)
>		error = group_send_sig_info(sig, info, p, PIDTYPE_TGID);
>	rcu_read_unlock();
>
>That pid_task(PIDTYPE_PID) is fine for existing callers that need bug
>compatibility.  For new interfaces I would strongly prefer
>pid_task(PIDTYPE_TGID).
>
>
>Eric
>
>>
>> /* prototype and argument /*
>> long taskfd_send_signal(int taskfd, int sig, siginfo_t *info,
>unsigned int flags);
>>
>> In addition to the taskfd and signal argument it takes an additional
>> siginfo_t and flags argument. If the siginfo_t argument is NULL then
>> taskfd_send_signal() behaves like kill(). If it is not NULL
>> taskfd_send_signal() behaves like rt_sigqueueinfo().
>> The flags argument is added to allow for future extensions of this
>syscall.
>> It currently needs to be passed as 0. Failing to do so will cause
>EINVAL.
>>
>> /* taskfd_send_signal() replaces multiple pid-based syscalls */
>> The taskfd_send_signal() syscall currently takes on the job of the
>> following syscalls that operate on pids:
>> - kill(2)
>> - rt_sigqueueinfo(2)
>> The syscall is defined in such a way that it can also operate on
>thread fds
>> instead of process fds. In a future patchset I will extend it to
>operate on
>> taskfds from /proc/<pid>/task/<tid> at which point it will
>additionally
>> take on the job of:
>> - tgkill(2)
>> - rt_tgsigqueueinfo(2)
>> Right now this is intentionally left out to keep this patchset as
>simple as
>> possible (cf. [4]). If a taskfd of /proc/<pid>/task/<tid> is passed
>> EOPNOTSUPP will be returned to give userspace a way to detect when I
>add
>> support for such taskfds (cf. [10]).
>>
>> /* naming */
>> The original prefix of the syscall was "procfd_". However, it has
>been
>> pointed out that since this syscall will eventually operate on both
>> processes and threads the name should reflect this (cf. [12]). The
>best
>> possible candidate even from a userspace perspective seems to be
>"task".
>> Although "task" is used internally we are alreday deviating from
>POSIX by
>> using file descriptors to processes in the first place so it seems
>fine to
>> use the "taskfd_" prefix.
>>
>> The name taskfd_send_signal() was also chosen to reflect the fact
>that it
>> takes on the job of multiple syscalls. It is intentional that the
>name is
>> not reminiscent of neither kill(2) nor rt_sigqueueinfo(2). Not the
>fomer
>> because it might imply that taskfd_send_signal() is only a
>replacement for
>> kill(2) and not the latter because it is a hazzle to remember the
>correct
>> spelling (especially for non-native speakers) and because it is not
>> descriptive enough of what the syscall actually does. The name
>> "taskfd_send_signal" makes it very clear that its job is to send
>signals.
>>
>> /* O_PATH file descriptors */
>> taskfds opened as O_PATH fds cannot be used to send signals to a
>process
>> (cf. [2]). Signaling processes through taskfds is the equivalent of
>writing
>> to a file. Thus, this is not an operation that operates "purely at
>the
>> file descriptor level" as required by the open(2) manpage.
>>
>> /* zombies */
>> Zombies can be signaled just as any other process. No special error
>will be
>> reported since a zombie state is an unreliable state (cf. [3]).
>>
>> /* cross-namespace signals */
>> The patch currently enforces that the signaler and signalee either
>are in
>> the same pid namespace or that the signaler's pid namespace is an
>ancestor
>> of the signalee's pid namespace. This is done for the sake of
>simplicity
>> and because it is unclear to what values certain members of struct
>> siginfo_t would need to be set to (cf. [5], [6]).
>>
>> /* compat syscalls */
>> It became clear that we would like to avoid adding compat syscalls
>(cf.
>> [7]). The compat syscall handling is now done in kernel/signal.c
>itself by
>> adding __copy_siginfo_from_user_generic() which lets us avoid compat
>> syscalls (cf. [8]). It should be noted that the addition of
>> __copy_siginfo_from_user_any() is caused by a bug in the original
>> implementation of rt_sigqueueinfo(2) (cf. 12).
>> With upcoming rework for syscall handling things might improve
>> significantly (cf. [11]) and __copy_siginfo_from_user_any() will not
>gain
>> any additional callers.
>>
>> /* testing */
>> This patch was tested on x64 and x86.
>>
>> /* userspace usage */
>> An asciinema recording for the basic functionality can be found under
>[9].
>> With this patch a process can be killed via:
>>
>>  #define _GNU_SOURCE
>>  #include <errno.h>
>>  #include <fcntl.h>
>>  #include <signal.h>
>>  #include <stdio.h>
>>  #include <stdlib.h>
>>  #include <string.h>
>>  #include <sys/stat.h>
>>  #include <sys/syscall.h>
>>  #include <sys/types.h>
>>  #include <unistd.h>
>>
>>  static inline int do_taskfd_send_signal(int taskfd, int sig,
>siginfo_t *info,
>>                                          unsigned int flags)
>>  {
>>  #ifdef __NR_taskfd_send_signal
>>          return syscall(__NR_taskfd_send_signal, taskfd, sig, info,
>flags);
>>  #else
>>          return -ENOSYS;
>>  #endif
>>  }
>>
>>  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>>  {
>>          int fd, ret, saved_errno, sig;
>>
>>          if (argc < 3)
>>                  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>>
>>          fd = open(argv[1], O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
>>          if (fd < 0) {
>>                  printf("%s - Failed to open \"%s\"\n",
>strerror(errno), argv[1]);
>>                  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>>          }
>>
>>          sig = atoi(argv[2]);
>>
>>          printf("Sending signal %d to process %s\n", sig, argv[1]);
>>          ret = do_taskfd_send_signal(fd, sig, NULL, 0);
>>
>>          saved_errno = errno;
>>          close(fd);
>>          errno = saved_errno;
>>
>>          if (ret < 0) {
>>                  printf("%s - Failed to send signal %d to process
>%s\n",
>>                         strerror(errno), sig, argv[1]);
>>                  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>>          }
>>
>>          exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
>>  }
>>
>> [1]: 
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181029221037.87724-1-dancol@xxxxxxxxxx/
>> [2]: 
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/874lbtjvtd.fsf@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
>> [3]: 
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181204132604.aspfupwjgjx6fhva@xxxxxxxxxx/
>> [4]: 
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181203180224.fkvw4kajtbvru2ku@xxxxxxxxxx/
>> [5]: 
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181121213946.GA10795@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
>> [6]: 
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181120103111.etlqp7zop34v6nv4@xxxxxxxxxx/
>> [7]: 
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/36323361-90BD-41AF-AB5B-EE0D7BA02C21@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
>> [8]:  https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/87tvjxp8pc.fsf@xxxxxxxxxxxx/
>> [9]:  https://asciinema.org/a/IQjuCHew6bnq1cr78yuMv16cy
>> [10]:
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181203180224.fkvw4kajtbvru2ku@xxxxxxxxxx/
>> [11]:
>https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/F53D6D38-3521-4C20-9034-5AF447DF62FF@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
>> [12]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/87zhtjn8ck.fsf@xxxxxxxxxxxx/
>>
>> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@xxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge@xxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@xxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Andy Lutomirsky <luto@xxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@xxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@xxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Al Viro <viro@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@xxxxxxxxxx>
>> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian@xxxxxxxxxx>
>> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> ---
>> Changelog:
>> v4:
>> - updated asciinema to use "taskfd_" prefix
>> - s/procfd_send_signal/taskfd_send_signal/g
>> - s/proc_is_tgid_procfd/tgid_taskfd_to_pid/b
>> - s/proc_is_tid_procfd/tid_taskfd_to_pid/b
>> - s/__copy_siginfo_from_user_generic/__copy_siginfo_from_user_any/g
>> - make it clear that __copy_siginfo_from_user_any() is a workaround
>caused
>>   by a bug in the original implementation of rt_sigqueueinfo()
>> - when spoofing signals turn them into regular kill signals if
>si_code is
>>   set to SI_USER
>> - make proc_is_t{g}id_procfd() return struct pid to allow proc_pid()
>to
>>   stay private to fs/proc/
>> v3:
>> - add __copy_siginfo_from_user_generic() to avoid adding compat
>syscalls
>> - s/procfd_signal/procfd_send_signal/g
>> - change type of flags argument from int to unsigned int
>> - add comment about what happens to zombies
>> - add proc_is_tid_procfd()
>> - return EOPNOTSUPP when /proc/<pid>/task/<tid> fd is passed so
>userspace
>>   has a way of knowing that tidfds are not supported currently.
>> v2:
>> - define __NR_procfd_signal in unistd.h
>> - wire up compat syscall
>> - s/proc_is_procfd/proc_is_tgid_procfd/g
>> - provide stubs when CONFIG_PROC_FS=n
>> - move proc_pid() to linux/proc_fs.h header
>> - use proc_pid() to grab struct pid from /proc/<pid> fd
>> v1:
>> - patch introduced
>> ---
>>  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl |   1 +
>>  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl |   1 +
>>  fs/proc/base.c                         |  20 +++-
>>  include/linux/proc_fs.h                |  12 +++
>>  include/linux/syscalls.h               |   3 +
>>  include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h      |   4 +-
>>  kernel/signal.c                        | 132
>+++++++++++++++++++++++--
>>  7 files changed, 164 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl
>b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl
>> index 3cf7b533b3d1..7efb63fd0617 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl
>> +++ b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl
>> @@ -398,3 +398,4 @@
>>  384	i386	arch_prctl		sys_arch_prctl			__ia32_compat_sys_arch_prctl
>> 
>385	i386	io_pgetevents		sys_io_pgetevents		__ia32_compat_sys_io_pgetevents
>>  386	i386	rseq			sys_rseq			__ia32_sys_rseq
>>
>+387	i386	taskfd_send_signal	sys_taskfd_send_signal		__ia32_sys_taskfd_send_signal
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl
>b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl
>> index f0b1709a5ffb..be894f4a84e9 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl
>> +++ b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl
>> @@ -343,6 +343,7 @@
>>  332	common	statx			__x64_sys_statx
>>  333	common	io_pgetevents		__x64_sys_io_pgetevents
>>  334	common	rseq			__x64_sys_rseq
>> +335	common	taskfd_send_signal	__x64_sys_taskfd_send_signal
>>  
>>  #
>>  # x32-specific system call numbers start at 512 to avoid cache
>impact
>> diff --git a/fs/proc/base.c b/fs/proc/base.c
>> index ce3465479447..b8b88bfee455 100644
>> --- a/fs/proc/base.c
>> +++ b/fs/proc/base.c
>> @@ -716,8 +716,6 @@ static int proc_pid_permission(struct inode
>*inode, int mask)
>>  	return generic_permission(inode, mask);
>>  }
>>  
>> -
>> -
>>  static const struct inode_operations proc_def_inode_operations = {
>>  	.setattr	= proc_setattr,
>>  };
>> @@ -3038,6 +3036,15 @@ static const struct file_operations
>proc_tgid_base_operations = {
>>  	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
>>  };
>>  
>> +struct pid *tgid_taskfd_to_pid(const struct file *file)
>> +{
>> +	if (!d_is_dir(file->f_path.dentry) ||
>> +	    (file->f_op != &proc_tgid_base_operations))
>> +		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
>> +
>> +	return proc_pid(file_inode(file));
>> +}
>> +
>>  static struct dentry *proc_tgid_base_lookup(struct inode *dir,
>struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
>>  {
>>  	return proc_pident_lookup(dir, dentry,
>> @@ -3422,6 +3429,15 @@ static const struct file_operations
>proc_tid_base_operations = {
>>  	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
>>  };
>>  
>> +struct pid *tid_taskfd_to_pid(const struct file *file)
>> +{
>> +	if (!d_is_dir(file->f_path.dentry) ||
>> +	    (file->f_op != &proc_tid_base_operations))
>> +		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
>> +
>> +	return proc_pid(file_inode(file));
>> +}
>> +
>>  static const struct inode_operations proc_tid_base_inode_operations
>= {
>>  	.lookup		= proc_tid_base_lookup,
>>  	.getattr	= pid_getattr,
>> diff --git a/include/linux/proc_fs.h b/include/linux/proc_fs.h
>> index d0e1f1522a78..96817415c420 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/proc_fs.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/proc_fs.h
>> @@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ struct proc_dir_entry
>*proc_create_net_single_write(const char *name, umode_t mo
>>  						    int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *),
>>  						    proc_write_t write,
>>  						    void *data);
>> +extern struct pid *tgid_taskfd_to_pid(const struct file *file);
>> +extern struct pid *tid_taskfd_to_pid(const struct file *file);
>>  
>>  #else /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
>>  
>> @@ -114,6 +116,16 @@ static inline int remove_proc_subtree(const char
>*name, struct proc_dir_entry *p
>>  #define proc_create_net(name, mode, parent, state_size, ops)
>({NULL;})
>>  #define proc_create_net_single(name, mode, parent, show, data)
>({NULL;})
>>  
>> +static inline struct pid *tgid_taskfd_to_pid(const struct file
>*file)
>> +{
>> +	return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static inline struct pid *tid_taskfd_to_pid(const struct file *file)
>> +{
>> +	return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
>> +}
>> +
>>  #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
>>  
>>  struct net;
>> diff --git a/include/linux/syscalls.h b/include/linux/syscalls.h
>> index 2ac3d13a915b..5ffe194ef29b 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/syscalls.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/syscalls.h
>> @@ -907,6 +907,9 @@ asmlinkage long sys_statx(int dfd, const char
>__user *path, unsigned flags,
>>  			  unsigned mask, struct statx __user *buffer);
>>  asmlinkage long sys_rseq(struct rseq __user *rseq, uint32_t
>rseq_len,
>>  			 int flags, uint32_t sig);
>> +asmlinkage long sys_taskfd_send_signal(int taskfd, int sig,
>> +				       siginfo_t __user *info,
>> +				       unsigned int flags);
>>  
>>  /*
>>   * Architecture-specific system calls
>> diff --git a/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h
>b/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h
>> index 538546edbfbd..9343dca63fd9 100644
>> --- a/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h
>> +++ b/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h
>> @@ -738,9 +738,11 @@ __SYSCALL(__NR_statx,     sys_statx)
>>  __SC_COMP(__NR_io_pgetevents, sys_io_pgetevents,
>compat_sys_io_pgetevents)
>>  #define __NR_rseq 293
>>  __SYSCALL(__NR_rseq, sys_rseq)
>> +#define __NR_taskfd_send_signal 294
>> +__SYSCALL(__NR_taskfd_send_signal, sys_taskfd_send_signal)
>>  
>>  #undef __NR_syscalls
>> -#define __NR_syscalls 294
>> +#define __NR_syscalls 295
>>  
>>  /*
>>   * 32 bit systems traditionally used different
>> diff --git a/kernel/signal.c b/kernel/signal.c
>> index 9a32bc2088c9..a00a4bcb7605 100644
>> --- a/kernel/signal.c
>> +++ b/kernel/signal.c
>> @@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
>>  #include <linux/sched/task.h>
>>  #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
>>  #include <linux/sched/cputime.h>
>> +#include <linux/file.h>
>>  #include <linux/fs.h>
>> +#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
>>  #include <linux/tty.h>
>>  #include <linux/binfmts.h>
>>  #include <linux/coredump.h>
>> @@ -3286,6 +3288,16 @@ COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(rt_sigtimedwait,
>compat_sigset_t __user *, uthese,
>>  }
>>  #endif
>>  
>> +static inline void prepare_kill_siginfo(int sig, struct
>kernel_siginfo *info)
>> +{
>> +	clear_siginfo(info);
>> +	info->si_signo = sig;
>> +	info->si_errno = 0;
>> +	info->si_code = SI_USER;
>> +	info->si_pid = task_tgid_vnr(current);
>> +	info->si_uid = from_kuid_munged(current_user_ns(), current_uid());
>> +}
>> +
>>  /**
>>   *  sys_kill - send a signal to a process
>>   *  @pid: the PID of the process
>> @@ -3295,16 +3307,124 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(kill, pid_t, pid, int, sig)
>>  {
>>  	struct kernel_siginfo info;
>>  
>> -	clear_siginfo(&info);
>> -	info.si_signo = sig;
>> -	info.si_errno = 0;
>> -	info.si_code = SI_USER;
>> -	info.si_pid = task_tgid_vnr(current);
>> -	info.si_uid = from_kuid_munged(current_user_ns(), current_uid());
>> +	prepare_kill_siginfo(sig, &info);
>>  
>>  	return kill_something_info(sig, &info, pid);
>>  }
>>  
>> +/*
>> + * Verify that the signaler and signalee either are in the same pid
>namespace
>> + * or that the signaler's pid namespace is an ancestor of the
>signalee's pid
>> + * namespace.
>> + */
>> +static bool may_signal_taskfd(struct pid *pid)
>> +{
>> +	struct pid_namespace *active = task_active_pid_ns(current);
>> +	struct pid_namespace *p = ns_of_pid(pid);
>> +
>> +	for (;;) {
>> +		if (!p)
>> +			return false;
>> +		if (p == active)
>> +			break;
>> +		p = p->parent;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	return true;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int copy_siginfo_from_user_any(kernel_siginfo_t *kinfo,
>siginfo_t *info)
>> +{
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Avoid hooking up compat syscalls and instead handle necessary
>> +	 * conversions here. Note, this is a stop-gap measure and should
>not be
>> +	 * considered a generic solution.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (in_compat_syscall())
>> +		return copy_siginfo_from_user32(
>> +			kinfo, (struct compat_siginfo __user *)info);
>> +#endif
>> +	return copy_siginfo_from_user(kinfo, info);
>> +}
>> +
>> +/**
>> + *  sys_taskfd_send_signal - send a signal to a process through a
>task file
>> + *                           descriptor
>> + *  @taskfd: the file descriptor of the process
>> + *  @sig:    signal to be sent
>> + *  @info:   the signal info
>> + *  @flags:  future flags to be passed
>> + *
>> + *  Return: 0 on success, negative errno on failure
>> + */
>> +SYSCALL_DEFINE4(taskfd_send_signal, int, taskfd, int, sig,
>> +		siginfo_t __user *, info, unsigned int, flags)
>> +{
>> +	int ret;
>> +	struct fd f;
>> +	struct pid *pid;
>> +	kernel_siginfo_t kinfo;
>> +
>> +	/* Enforce flags be set to 0 until we add an extension. */
>> +	if (flags)
>> +		return -EINVAL;
>> +
>> +	f = fdget_raw(taskfd);
>> +	if (!f.file)
>> +		return -EBADF;
>> +
>> +	pid = tid_taskfd_to_pid(f.file);
>> +	if (!IS_ERR(pid)) {
>> +		/*
>> +		 * Give userspace a way to detect /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>
>> +		 * support when we add it.
>> +		 */
>> +		ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
>> +		goto err;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	/* Is this a procfd? */
>> +	pid = tgid_taskfd_to_pid(f.file);
>> +	if (IS_ERR(pid)) {
>> +		ret = PTR_ERR(pid);
>> +		goto err;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	ret = -EINVAL;
>> +	if (!may_signal_taskfd(pid))
>> +		goto err;
>> +
>> +	if (info) {
>> +		ret = copy_siginfo_from_user_any(&kinfo, info);
>> +		if (unlikely(ret))
>> +			goto err;
>> +
>> +		ret = -EINVAL;
>> +		if (unlikely(sig != kinfo.si_signo))
>> +			goto err;
>> +
>> +		if ((task_pid(current) != pid) &&
>> +		    (kinfo.si_code >= 0 || kinfo.si_code == SI_TKILL)) {
>> +			/* Only allow sending arbitrary signals to yourself. */
>> +			ret = -EPERM;
>> +			if (kinfo.si_code != SI_USER)
>> +				goto err;
>> +
>> +			/* Turn this into a regular kill signal. */
>> +			prepare_kill_siginfo(sig, &kinfo);
>> +		}
>> +	} else {
>> +		prepare_kill_siginfo(sig, &kinfo);
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	ret = kill_pid_info(sig, &kinfo, pid);
>> +
>> +err:
>> +	fdput(f);
>> +	return ret;
>> +}
>> +
>>  static int
>>  do_send_specific(pid_t tgid, pid_t pid, int sig, struct
>kernel_siginfo *info)
>>  {