Re: [PATCH] cxgb4: fix undefined behavior in mem.c

[Shaobo He]

I can't afford a pdf version of the C standard. So I looked at the draft version 
used in the link I put in the commit message. It says (in 6.2.4:2),

```
The lifetime of an object is the portion of program execution during which 
storage is guaranteed to be reserved for it. An object exists, has a constant 
address, and retains its last-stored value throughout its lifetime. If an object 
is referred to outside of its lifetime, the behavior is undefined. The value of 
a pointer becomes indeterminate when the object it points to (or just past) 
reaches the end of its lifetime.
```
I couldn't find the definition of lifetime over a dynamically allocated object 
in the draft of C standard. I refer to this link 
(https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/lifetime) which suggests that the 
lifetime of an allocated object ends after the deallocation function is called 
upon it.

I think maybe the more problematic issue is that the value of a freed pointer is 
intermediate.

Shaobo
On 2/28/19 3:56 PM, Bart Van Assche wrote:
> On Thu, 2019-02-28 at 15:38 -0700, Shaobo He wrote:
> > In function `c4iw_dealloc_mw`, variable mhp's value is printed after
> > freed, which triggers undefined behavior according to this post:
> > https://trust-in-soft.com/dangling-pointer-indeterminate/.
> >
> > This commit fixes it by swapping the order of `kfree` and `pr_debug`.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Shaobo He <shaobo@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> > ---
> >   drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/mem.c | 2 +-
> >   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/mem.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/mem.c
> > index 7b76e6f..bb8e0bc 100644
> > --- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/mem.c
> > +++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/mem.c
> > @@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ int c4iw_dealloc_mw(struct ib_mw *mw)
> >   			  mhp->wr_waitp);
> >   	kfree_skb(mhp->dereg_skb);
> >   	c4iw_put_wr_wait(mhp->wr_waitp);
> > -	kfree(mhp);
> >   	pr_debug("ib_mw %p mmid 0x%x ptr %p\n", mw, mmid, mhp);
> > +	kfree(mhp);
> >   	return 0;
> >   }
>
> Please quote the relevant paragraphs from the C standard. All I have found
> about free() in ISO/IEC 9899:2017 is the following:
>
> Description
> The free function causes the space pointed to by ptr to be deallocated, that
> is, made available for further allocation. If ptr is a null pointer, no
> action occurs. Otherwise, if the argument does not match a pointer earlier
> returned by a memory management function, or if the space has been
> deallocated by a call to free or realloc, the behavior is undefined.
>
> That is not sufficient to claim that the above code triggers undefined
> behavior.
>
> Bart.