[PATCH v8 12/16] sched/core: uclamp: Extend CPU's cgroup controller

From: Patrick Bellasi
Date: Tue Apr 02 2019 - 06:43:03 EST

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The cgroup CPU bandwidth controller allows to assign a specified
(maximum) bandwidth to the tasks of a group. However this bandwidth is
defined and enforced only on a temporal base, without considering the
actual frequency a CPU is running on. Thus, the amount of computation
completed by a task within an allocated bandwidth can be very different
depending on the actual frequency the CPU is running that task.
The amount of computation can be affected also by the specific CPU a
task is running on, especially when running on asymmetric capacity
systems like Arm's big.LITTLE.

With the availability of schedutil, the scheduler is now able
to drive frequency selections based on actual task utilization.
Moreover, the utilization clamping support provides a mechanism to
bias the frequency selection operated by schedutil depending on
constraints assigned to the tasks currently RUNNABLE on a CPU.

Giving the mechanisms described above, it is now possible to extend the
cpu controller to specify the minimum (or maximum) utilization which
should be considered for tasks RUNNABLE on a cpu.
This makes it possible to better defined the actual computational
power assigned to task groups, thus improving the cgroup CPU bandwidth
controller which is currently based just on time constraints.

Extend the CPU controller with a couple of new attributes util.{min,max}
which allows to enforce utilization boosting and capping for all the
tasks in a group. Specifically:

- util.min: defines the minimum utilization which should be considered
i.e. the RUNNABLE tasks of this group will run at least at a
minimum frequency which corresponds to the util.min
utilization

- util.max: defines the maximum utilization which should be considered
i.e. the RUNNABLE tasks of this group will run up to a
maximum frequency which corresponds to the util.max
utilization

These attributes:

a) are available only for non-root nodes, both on default and legacy
hierarchies, while system wide clamps are defined by a generic
interface which does not depends on cgroups. This system wide
interface enforces constraints on tasks in the root node.

b) enforce effective constraints at each level of the hierarchy which
are a restriction of the group requests considering its parent's
effective constraints. Root group effective constraints are defined
by the system wide interface.
This mechanism allows each (non-root) level of the hierarchy to:
- request whatever clamp values it would like to get
- effectively get only up to the maximum amount allowed by its parent

c) have higher priority than task-specific clamps, defined via
sched_setattr(), thus allowing to control and restrict task requests

Add two new attributes to the cpu controller to collect "requested"
clamp values. Allow that at each non-root level of the hierarchy.
Validate local consistency by enforcing util.min < util.max.
Keep it simple by do not caring now about "effective" values computation
and propagation along the hierarchy.

Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@xxxxxxxxxx>

--
Changes in v8:
Message-ID: <20190214154817.GN50184@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- update changelog description for points b), c) and following paragraph
---
Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst | 27 +++++
init/Kconfig | 22 ++++
kernel/sched/core.c | 142 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
kernel/sched/sched.h | 6 +
4 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
index 7bf3f129c68b..47710a77f4fa 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
@@ -909,6 +909,12 @@ controller implements weight and absolute bandwidth limit models for
normal scheduling policy and absolute bandwidth allocation model for
realtime scheduling policy.

+Cycles distribution is based, by default, on a temporal base and it
+does not account for the frequency at which tasks are executed.
+The (optional) utilization clamping support allows to enforce a minimum
+bandwidth, which should always be provided by a CPU, and a maximum bandwidth,
+which should never be exceeded by a CPU.
+
WARNING: cgroup2 doesn't yet support control of realtime processes and
the cpu controller can only be enabled when all RT processes are in
the root cgroup. Be aware that system management software may already
@@ -974,6 +980,27 @@ All time durations are in microseconds.
Shows pressure stall information for CPU. See
Documentation/accounting/psi.txt for details.

+ cpu.util.min
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The default is "0", i.e. no utilization boosting.
+
+ The requested minimum utilization in the range [0, 1024].
+
+ This interface allows reading and setting minimum utilization clamp
+ values similar to the sched_setattr(2). This minimum utilization
+ value is used to clamp the task specific minimum utilization clamp.
+
+ cpu.util.max
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The default is "1024". i.e. no utilization capping
+
+ The requested maximum utilization in the range [0, 1024].
+
+ This interface allows reading and setting maximum utilization clamp
+ values similar to the sched_setattr(2). This maximum utilization
+ value is used to clamp the task specific maximum utilization clamp.
+
+

Memory
------
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index 7439cbf4d02e..33006e8de996 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -877,6 +877,28 @@ config RT_GROUP_SCHED

endif #CGROUP_SCHED

+config UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
+ bool "Utilization clamping per group of tasks"
+ depends on CGROUP_SCHED
+ depends on UCLAMP_TASK
+ default n
+ help
+ This feature enables the scheduler to track the clamped utilization
+ of each CPU based on RUNNABLE tasks currently scheduled on that CPU.
+
+ When this option is enabled, the user can specify a min and max
+ CPU bandwidth which is allowed for each single task in a group.
+ The max bandwidth allows to clamp the maximum frequency a task
+ can use, while the min bandwidth allows to define a minimum
+ frequency a task will always use.
+
+ When task group based utilization clamping is enabled, an eventually
+ specified task-specific clamp value is constrained by the cgroup
+ specified clamp value. Both minimum and maximum task clamping cannot
+ be bigger than the corresponding clamping defined at task group level.
+
+ If in doubt, say N.
+
config CGROUP_PIDS
bool "PIDs controller"
help
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index 71c9dd6487b1..aeed2dd315cc 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -1130,8 +1130,12 @@ static void __init init_uclamp(void)
/* System defaults allow max clamp values for both indexes */
uc_max.value = uclamp_none(UCLAMP_MAX);
uc_max.bucket_id = uclamp_bucket_id(uc_max.value);
- for (clamp_id = 0; clamp_id < UCLAMP_CNT; ++clamp_id)
+ for (clamp_id = 0; clamp_id < UCLAMP_CNT; ++clamp_id) {
uclamp_default[clamp_id] = uc_max;
+#ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
+ root_task_group.uclamp_req[clamp_id] = uc_max;
+#endif
+ }
}

#else /* CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK */
@@ -6720,6 +6724,19 @@ void ia64_set_curr_task(int cpu, struct task_struct *p)
/* task_group_lock serializes the addition/removal of task groups */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(task_group_lock);

+static inline int alloc_uclamp_sched_group(struct task_group *tg,
+ struct task_group *parent)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
+ int clamp_id;
+
+ for (clamp_id = 0; clamp_id < UCLAMP_CNT; ++clamp_id)
+ tg->uclamp_req[clamp_id] = parent->uclamp_req[clamp_id];
+#endif
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
static void sched_free_group(struct task_group *tg)
{
free_fair_sched_group(tg);
@@ -6743,6 +6760,9 @@ struct task_group *sched_create_group(struct task_group *parent)
if (!alloc_rt_sched_group(tg, parent))
goto err;

+ if (!alloc_uclamp_sched_group(tg, parent))
+ goto err;
+
return tg;

err:
@@ -6963,6 +6983,100 @@ static void cpu_cgroup_attach(struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
sched_move_task(task);
}

+#ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
+static int cpu_util_min_write_u64(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+ struct cftype *cftype, u64 min_value)
+{
+ struct task_group *tg;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ if (min_value > SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+
+ tg = css_tg(css);
+ if (tg == &root_task_group) {
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ if (tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MIN].value == min_value)
+ goto out;
+ if (tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MAX].value < min_value) {
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* Update tg's "requested" clamp value */
+ tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MIN].value = min_value;
+ tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MIN].bucket_id = uclamp_bucket_id(min_value);
+
+out:
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int cpu_util_max_write_u64(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+ struct cftype *cftype, u64 max_value)
+{
+ struct task_group *tg;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ if (max_value > SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+
+ tg = css_tg(css);
+ if (tg == &root_task_group) {
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ if (tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MAX].value == max_value)
+ goto out;
+ if (tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MIN].value > max_value) {
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* Update tg's "requested" clamp value */
+ tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MAX].value = max_value;
+ tg->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MAX].bucket_id = uclamp_bucket_id(max_value);
+
+out:
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static inline u64 cpu_uclamp_read(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+ enum uclamp_id clamp_id)
+{
+ struct task_group *tg;
+ u64 util_clamp;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ tg = css_tg(css);
+ util_clamp = tg->uclamp_req[clamp_id].value;
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ return util_clamp;
+}
+
+static u64 cpu_util_min_read_u64(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+ struct cftype *cft)
+{
+ return cpu_uclamp_read(css, UCLAMP_MIN);
+}
+
+static u64 cpu_util_max_read_u64(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+ struct cftype *cft)
+{
+ return cpu_uclamp_read(css, UCLAMP_MAX);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP */
+
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
static int cpu_shares_write_u64(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
struct cftype *cftype, u64 shareval)
@@ -7300,6 +7414,18 @@ static struct cftype cpu_legacy_files[] = {
.read_u64 = cpu_rt_period_read_uint,
.write_u64 = cpu_rt_period_write_uint,
},
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
+ {
+ .name = "util.min",
+ .read_u64 = cpu_util_min_read_u64,
+ .write_u64 = cpu_util_min_write_u64,
+ },
+ {
+ .name = "util.max",
+ .read_u64 = cpu_util_max_read_u64,
+ .write_u64 = cpu_util_max_write_u64,
+ },
#endif
{ } /* Terminate */
};
@@ -7467,6 +7593,20 @@ static struct cftype cpu_files[] = {
.seq_show = cpu_max_show,
.write = cpu_max_write,
},
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
+ {
+ .name = "util.min",
+ .flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
+ .read_u64 = cpu_util_min_read_u64,
+ .write_u64 = cpu_util_min_write_u64,
+ },
+ {
+ .name = "util.max",
+ .flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
+ .read_u64 = cpu_util_max_read_u64,
+ .write_u64 = cpu_util_max_write_u64,
+ },
#endif
{ } /* terminate */
};
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
index 6ae3628248eb..b46b6912beba 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
@@ -399,6 +399,12 @@ struct task_group {
#endif

struct cfs_bandwidth cfs_bandwidth;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK_GROUP
+ /* Clamp values requested for a task group */
+ struct uclamp_se uclamp_req[UCLAMP_CNT];
+#endif
+
};

#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
--
2.20.1

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