Re: [PATCH RFC] gpio: Add Virtual Aggregator GPIO Driver

[Bartosz Golaszewski]

pt., 5 lip 2019 o 18:05 Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@xxxxxxxxx> napisaÅ(a):
>
> GPIO controllers are exported to userspace using /dev/gpiochip*
> character devices.  Access control to these devices is provided by
> standard UNIX file system permissions, on an all-or-nothing basis:
> either a GPIO controller is accessible for a user, or it is not.
> Currently no mechanism exists to control access to individual GPIOs.
>
> Hence add a virtual GPIO driver to aggregate existing GPIOs (up to 32),
> and expose them as a new gpiochip.  This is useful for implementing
> access control, and assigning a set of GPIOs to a specific user.
> Furthermore, it would simplify and harden exporting GPIOs to a virtual
> machine, as the VM can just grab the full virtual GPIO controller, and
> no longer needs to care about which GPIOs to grab and which not,
> reducing the attack surface.
>
> Virtual GPIO controllers are instantiated by writing to the "new_device"
> attribute file in sysfs:
>
>     $ echo "<gpiochipA> <gpioA1> [<gpioA2> ...]"
>            "[, <gpiochipB> <gpioB1> [<gpioB2> ...]] ...]"
>             > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-virt-agg/new_device
>
> Likewise, virtual GPIO controllers can be destroyed after use:
>
>     $ echo gpio-virt-agg.<N> \
>             > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-virt-agg/delete_device
>
> Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@xxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> Aggregating GPIOs and exposing them as a new gpiochip was suggested in
> response to my proof-of-concept for GPIO virtualization with QEMU[1][2].
>
> Sample session on r8a7791/koelsch:
>
>   - Disable the leds node in arch/arm/boot/dts/r8a7791-koelsch.dts
>
>   - Create virtual aggregators:
>
>     $ echo "e6052000.gpio 19 20" \
>             > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-virt-agg/new_device
>
>     gpio-virt-agg gpio-virt-agg.0: GPIO 0 => e6052000.gpio/19
>     gpio-virt-agg gpio-virt-agg.0: GPIO 1 => e6052000.gpio/20
>     gpiochip_find_base: found new base at 778
>     gpio gpiochip8: (gpio-virt-agg.0): added GPIO chardev (254:8)
>     gpiochip_setup_dev: registered GPIOs 778 to 779 on device: gpiochip8 (gpio-virt-agg.0)
>
>     $ echo "e6052000.gpio 21, e6050000.gpio 20 21 22" \
>             > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-virt-agg/new_device
>
>     gpio-virt-agg gpio-virt-agg.1: GPIO 0 => e6052000.gpio/21
>     gpio-virt-agg gpio-virt-agg.1: GPIO 1 => e6050000.gpio/20
>     gpio-virt-agg gpio-virt-agg.1: GPIO 2 => e6050000.gpio/21
>     gpio-virt-agg gpio-virt-agg.1: GPIO 3 => e6050000.gpio/22
>     gpiochip_find_base: found new base at 774
>     gpio gpiochip9: (gpio-virt-agg.1): added GPIO chardev (254:9)
>     gpiochip_setup_dev: registered GPIOs 774 to 777 on device: gpiochip9 (gpio-virt-agg.1)
>
>   - Adjust permissions on /dev/gpiochip[89] (optional)
>
>   - Control LEDs:
>
>     $ gpioset gpiochip8 0=0 1=1 # LED6 OFF, LED7 ON
>     $ gpioset gpiochip8 0=1 1=0 # LED6 ON, LED7 OFF
>     $ gpioset gpiochip9 0=0     # LED8 OFF
>     $ gpioset gpiochip9 0=1     # LED8 ON
>
>   - Destroy virtual aggregators:
>
>     $ echo gpio-virt-agg.0 \
>             > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-virt-agg/delete_device
>     $ echo gpio-virt-agg.1 \
>             > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-virt-agg/delete_device
>
> Thanks for your comments!
>

Hi Geert,

I like the general idea and the interface looks mostly fine. Since
this is new ABI I think it needs to be documented as well.

I'm having trouble building this module:

  CALL    scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  CHK     include/generated/compile.h
  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 235 modules
ERROR: "gpiod_request" [drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.ko] undefined!
ERROR: "gpiochip_get_desc" [drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.ko] undefined!
ERROR: "gpiod_free" [drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.ko] undefined!
scripts/Makefile.modpost:91: recipe for target '__modpost' failed
make[1]: *** [__modpost] Error 1
Makefile:1287: recipe for target 'modules' failed
make: *** [modules] Error 2
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

I'm not sure what the problem is.

> References:
>   - [1] "[PATCH QEMU POC] Add a GPIO backend"
>         (https://lore.kernel.org/linux-renesas-soc/20181003152521.23144-1-geert+renesas@xxxxxxxxx/)
>   - [2] "Getting To Blinky: Virt Edition / Making device pass-through
>          work on embedded ARM"
>         (https://fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/vai_getting_to_blinky/)
> ---
>  drivers/gpio/Kconfig         |   9 +
>  drivers/gpio/Makefile        |   1 +
>  drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.c | 390 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 400 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.c
>
> diff --git a/drivers/gpio/Kconfig b/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
> index f1f02dac324e52b6..8aff4d9626dee110 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
> @@ -1475,3 +1475,12 @@ config GPIO_MOCKUP
>           it.
>
>  endif
> +
> +config GPIO_VIRT_AGG
> +       tristate "GPIO Virtual Aggregator"
> +       depends on GPIOLIB
> +       help
> +         This enabled the GPIO Virtual Aggregator, which provides a way to
> +         aggregate existing GPIOs into a new virtual GPIO device.
> +         This is useful for assigning a collection of GPIOs to a user, or
> +         exported them to a virtual machine.
> diff --git a/drivers/gpio/Makefile b/drivers/gpio/Makefile
> index 0a494052c1e845ee..32e885b7f3aa4eee 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpio/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/gpio/Makefile
> @@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_UCB1400)          += gpio-ucb1400.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_UNIPHIER)            += gpio-uniphier.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_VF610)               += gpio-vf610.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_VIPERBOARD)          += gpio-viperboard.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_VIRT_AGG)            += gpio-virt-agg.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_VR41XX)              += gpio-vr41xx.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_VX855)               += gpio-vx855.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_WHISKEY_COVE)                += gpio-wcove.o
> diff --git a/drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.c b/drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000000000..20e5f22beed9d385
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +//
> +// GPIO Virtual Aggregator
> +//
> +// Copyright (C) 2019 Glider bvba
> +
> +#include <linux/gpio/driver.h>
> +#include <linux/idr.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/mutex.h>
> +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
> +
> +#include "gpiolib.h"
> +
> +#define DRV_NAME       "gpio-virt-agg"
> +#define MAX_GPIOS      32

Do we really need this limit? I see it simplifies the code, but maybe
we can allocate the relevant arrays dynamically and not limit users?

> +
> +struct gpio_virt_agg_entry {
> +       struct platform_device *pdev;
> +};
> +
> +struct gpio_virt_agg_priv {
> +       struct gpio_chip chip;
> +       struct gpio_desc *desc[MAX_GPIOS];
> +};
> +
> +static DEFINE_MUTEX(gpio_virt_agg_lock);       /* protects idr */
> +static DEFINE_IDR(gpio_virt_agg_idr);
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_get_direction(struct gpio_chip *chip,
> +                                      unsigned int offset)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +
> +       return gpiod_get_direction(priv->desc[offset]);
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_direction_input(struct gpio_chip *chip,
> +                                        unsigned int offset)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +
> +       return gpiod_direction_input(priv->desc[offset]);
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_direction_output(struct gpio_chip *chip,
> +                                         unsigned int offset, int value)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +
> +       return gpiod_direction_output(priv->desc[offset], value);
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_get(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +
> +       return gpiod_get_value(priv->desc[offset]);
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_get_multiple(struct gpio_chip *chip,
> +                                     unsigned long *mask, unsigned long *bits)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +       DECLARE_BITMAP(values, MAX_GPIOS) = { 0 };
> +       struct gpio_desc *desc[MAX_GPIOS];
> +       unsigned int i, j = 0;
> +       int ret;
> +
> +       for_each_set_bit(i, mask, priv->chip.ngpio)
> +               desc[j++] = priv->desc[i];
> +
> +       ret = gpiod_get_array_value(j, desc, NULL, values);
> +       if (ret)
> +               return ret;
> +
> +       for_each_set_bit(i, mask, priv->chip.ngpio)
> +               __assign_bit(i, bits, test_bit(j++, values));
> +
> +       return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static void gpio_virt_agg_set(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset,
> +                             int value)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +
> +       gpiod_set_value(priv->desc[offset], value);
> +}
> +
> +static void gpio_virt_agg_set_multiple(struct gpio_chip *chip,
> +                                      unsigned long *mask,
> +                                      unsigned long *bits)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +       DECLARE_BITMAP(values, MAX_GPIOS);
> +       struct gpio_desc *desc[MAX_GPIOS];
> +       unsigned int i, j = 0;
> +
> +       for_each_set_bit(i, mask, priv->chip.ngpio) {
> +               __assign_bit(j, values, test_bit(i, bits));
> +               desc[j++] = priv->desc[i];
> +       }
> +
> +       gpiod_set_array_value(j, desc, NULL, values);
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_set_config(struct gpio_chip *chip,
> +                                   unsigned int offset, unsigned long config)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +
> +       chip = priv->desc[offset]->gdev->chip;
> +       if (chip->set_config)
> +               return chip->set_config(chip, offset, config);
> +
> +       // FIXME gpiod_set_transitory() expects success if not implemented
> +       return -ENOTSUPP;
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_init_valid_mask(struct gpio_chip *chip)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
> +       unsigned int i;
> +
> +       for (i = 0; i < priv->chip.ngpio; i++) {
> +               if (gpiochip_line_is_valid(priv->desc[i]->gdev->chip,
> +                                          gpio_chip_hwgpio(priv->desc[i])))
> +                       set_bit(i, chip->valid_mask);
> +       }
> +
> +       return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int gpiochip_match_label(struct gpio_chip *chip, void *data)
> +{
> +       return !strcmp(chip->label, data);
> +}
> +
> +static struct gpio_chip *gpiochip_find_by_label(const char *label)
> +{
> +       return gpiochip_find((void *)label, gpiochip_match_label);
> +}
> +
> +static ssize_t new_device_store(struct device_driver *driver, const char *buf,
> +                               size_t count)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_entry *gva;
> +       struct platform_device *pdev;
> +       int res, id;
> +
> +       gva = kzalloc(sizeof(*gva), GFP_KERNEL);
> +       if (!gva)
> +               return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +       mutex_lock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +       id = idr_alloc(&gpio_virt_agg_idr, gva, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
> +       mutex_unlock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +
> +       if (id < 0) {
> +               res = id;
> +               goto free_gva;
> +       }
> +
> +       /* kernfs guarantees string termination, so count + 1 is safe */
> +       pdev = platform_device_register_data(NULL, DRV_NAME, id, buf,
> +                                            count + 1);
> +       if (IS_ERR(pdev)) {
> +               res = PTR_ERR(pdev);
> +               goto remove_idr;
> +       }
> +
> +       gva->pdev = pdev;
> +       return count;
> +
> +remove_idr:
> +       mutex_lock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +       idr_remove(&gpio_virt_agg_idr, id);
> +       mutex_unlock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +free_gva:
> +       kfree(gva);
> +       return res;
> +}
> +
> +static DRIVER_ATTR_WO(new_device);
> +
> +static ssize_t delete_device_store(struct device_driver *driver,
> +                                  const char *buf, size_t count)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_entry *gva;
> +       int id;
> +
> +       if (strncmp(buf, DRV_NAME ".", strlen(DRV_NAME ".")))
> +               return -EINVAL;
> +
> +       id = simple_strtoul(buf + strlen(DRV_NAME "."), NULL, 10);
> +
> +       mutex_lock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +       gva = idr_remove(&gpio_virt_agg_idr, id);
> +       mutex_unlock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +
> +       if (!gva) {
> +               pr_info("Cannot find %s.%d\n", DRV_NAME, id);
> +               return -ENOENT;
> +       }
> +
> +       platform_device_unregister(gva->pdev);
> +       kfree(gva);
> +       return count;
> +}
> +static DRIVER_ATTR_WO(delete_device);
> +
> +static struct attribute *gpio_virt_agg_attrs[] = {
> +       &driver_attr_new_device.attr,
> +       &driver_attr_delete_device.attr,
> +       NULL,
> +};
> +ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(gpio_virt_agg);
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
> +{
> +       struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
> +       const char *param = dev_get_platdata(dev);
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv;
> +       const char *label = NULL;
> +       struct gpio_chip *chip;
> +       struct gpio_desc *desc;
> +       unsigned int offset;
> +       int error, i;

This 'i' here is reported as possibly not initialized:

drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.c: In function âgpio_virt_agg_probeâ:
drivers/gpio/gpio-virt-agg.c:230:13: warning: âiâ may be used
uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  int error, i;
             ^

> +       char *s;
> +
> +       priv = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
> +       if (!priv) {
> +               error = -ENOMEM;
> +               goto fail;
> +       }
> +
> +       for (i = 0; i < MAX_GPIOS; i++) {
> +               if (*param == '\0' || *param == '\n')
> +                       break;
> +
> +               if (*param == ',') {
> +                       if (label) {
> +                               devm_kfree(dev, label);
> +                               label = NULL;
> +                       }
> +                       for (param++; *param == ' '; param++) ;
> +               }
> +
> +               if (!label) {
> +                       s = strchr(param, ' ');
> +                       if (!s) {
> +                               dev_info(dev, "Missing gpiochip\n");
> +                               error = -EINVAL;
> +                               goto fail;
> +                       }
> +                       label = devm_kasprintf(dev, GFP_KERNEL, "%.*s",
> +                                              (int)(s - param), param);
> +                       if (!label) {
> +                               error = -ENOMEM;
> +                               goto fail;
> +                       }
> +
> +                       chip = gpiochip_find_by_label(label);
> +                       if (!chip) {
> +                               dev_info(dev, "Cannot find gpiochip %s\n",
> +                                        label);
> +                               error = -ENODEV;
> +                               goto fail;
> +                       }
> +
> +                       for (param = s + 1; *param == ' '; param++) ;
> +               }
> +
> +               offset = simple_strtoul(param, &s, 10);
> +
> +               desc = gpiochip_get_desc(chip, offset);
> +               if (IS_ERR(desc)) {
> +                       error = PTR_ERR(desc);
> +                       dev_info(dev, "Cannot get GPIO %s/%u: %d\n", label,
> +                                offset, error);
> +                       goto fail;
> +               }
> +
> +               error = gpiod_request(desc, dev_name(dev));
> +               if (error) {
> +                       dev_info(dev, "Cannot request GPIO %s/%u: %d\n", label,
> +                                offset, error);
> +                       goto fail;
> +               }
> +
> +               dev_dbg(dev, "GPIO %u => %s/%u\n", i, label, offset);
> +               priv->desc[i] = desc;
> +
> +               if (gpiod_cansleep(desc))
> +                       priv->chip.can_sleep = true;
> +               if (desc->gdev->chip->set_config)
> +                       priv->chip.set_config = gpio_virt_agg_set_config;
> +               if (desc->gdev->chip->need_valid_mask) {
> +                       priv->chip.need_valid_mask = true;
> +                       priv->chip.init_valid_mask =
> +                               gpio_virt_agg_init_valid_mask;
> +               }
> +
> +               for (param = s; *param == ' '; param++) ;
> +       }
> +       if (i == MAX_GPIOS)
> +               dev_warn(&pdev->dev,
> +                        "Too many gpios specified, truncating to %u\n",
> +                        MAX_GPIOS);
> +
> +       priv->chip.label = dev_name(dev);
> +       priv->chip.parent = dev;
> +       priv->chip.owner = THIS_MODULE;
> +       priv->chip.get_direction = gpio_virt_agg_get_direction;
> +       priv->chip.direction_input = gpio_virt_agg_direction_input;
> +       priv->chip.direction_output = gpio_virt_agg_direction_output;
> +       priv->chip.get = gpio_virt_agg_get;
> +       priv->chip.get_multiple = gpio_virt_agg_get_multiple;
> +       priv->chip.set = gpio_virt_agg_set;
> +       priv->chip.set_multiple = gpio_virt_agg_set_multiple;
> +       priv->chip.base = -1;
> +       priv->chip.ngpio = i;
> +       platform_set_drvdata(pdev, priv);
> +
> +       error = gpiochip_add_data(&priv->chip, priv);
> +       if (error)
> +               goto fail;
> +
> +       return 0;
> +
> +fail:
> +       while (i-- > 0)
> +               gpiod_free(priv->desc[i]);
> +
> +       return error;
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_virt_agg_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_priv *priv = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
> +       unsigned int i;
> +
> +       gpiochip_remove(&priv->chip);
> +
> +       for (i = 0; i < priv->chip.ngpio; i++)
> +               gpiod_free(priv->desc[i]);
> +
> +       return 0;
> +}

You shouldn't need this function at all. It's up to users to free descriptors.

Best regards,
Bartosz Golaszewski

> +
> +static struct platform_driver gpio_virt_agg_driver = {
> +       .probe = gpio_virt_agg_probe,
> +       .remove = gpio_virt_agg_remove,
> +       .driver = {
> +               .name = DRV_NAME,
> +               .groups = gpio_virt_agg_groups,
> +       },
> +};
> +
> +static int __init gpio_virt_agg_init(void)
> +{
> +       return platform_driver_register(&gpio_virt_agg_driver);
> +}
> +module_init(gpio_virt_agg_init);
> +
> +static int __exit gpio_virt_agg_idr_remove(int id, void *p, void *data)
> +{
> +       struct gpio_virt_agg_entry *gva = p;
> +
> +       platform_device_unregister(gva->pdev);
> +       kfree(gva);
> +       return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static void __exit gpio_virt_agg_exit(void)
> +{
> +       mutex_lock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +       idr_for_each(&gpio_virt_agg_idr, gpio_virt_agg_idr_remove, NULL);
> +       idr_destroy(&gpio_virt_agg_idr);
> +       mutex_unlock(&gpio_virt_agg_lock);
> +
> +       platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_virt_agg_driver);
> +}
> +module_exit(gpio_virt_agg_exit);
> +
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@xxxxxxxxx>");
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("GPIO Virtual Aggregator");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
> --
> 2.17.1
>