[PATCH v21 23/28] x86/vdso: Add __vdso_sgx_enter_enclave() to wrap SGX enclave transitions

[Jarkko Sakkinen]

From: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@xxxxxxxxx>

Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) introduces a new CPL3-only enclave
mode that runs as a sort of black box shared object that is hosted by an
untrusted normal CPL3 process.

Skipping over a great deal of gory architecture details[1], SGX was
designed in such a way that the host process can utilize a library to
build, launch and run an enclave.  This is roughly analogous to how
e.g. libc implementations are used by most applications so that the
application can focus on its business logic.

The big gotcha is that because enclaves can generate *and* handle
exceptions, any SGX library must be prepared to handle nearly any
exception at any time (well, any time a thread is executing in an
enclave).  In Linux, this means the SGX library must register a
signal handler in order to intercept relevant exceptions and forward
them to the enclave (or in some cases, take action on behalf of the
enclave).  Unfortunately, Linux's signal mechanism doesn't mesh well
with libraries, e.g. signal handlers are process wide, are difficult
to chain, etc...  This becomes particularly nasty when using multiple
levels of libraries that register signal handlers, e.g. running an
enclave via cgo inside of the Go runtime.

In comes vDSO to save the day.  Now that vDSO can fixup exceptions,
add a function, __vdso_sgx_enter_enclave(), to wrap enclave transitions
and intercept any exceptions that occur when running the enclave.

__vdso_sgx_enter_enclave() does NOT adhere to the x86-64 ABI and instead
uses a custom calling convention.  The primary motivation is to avoid
issues that arise due to asynchronous enclave exits.  The x86-64 ABI
requires that EFLAGS.DF, MXCSR and FCW be preserved by the callee, and
unfortunately for the vDSO, the aformentioned registers/bits are not
restored after an asynchronous exit, e.g. EFLAGS.DF is in an unknown
state while MXCSR and FCW are reset to their init values.  So the vDSO
cannot simply pass the buck by requiring enclaves to adhere to the
x86-64 ABI.  That leaves three somewhat reasonable options:

  1) Save/restore non-volatile GPRs, MXCSR and FCW, and clear EFLAGS.DF

     + 100% compliant with the x86-64 ABI
     + Callable from any code
     + Minimal documentation required
     - Restoring MXCSR/FCW is likely unnecessary 99% of the time
     - Slow

  2) Save/restore non-volatile GPRs and clear EFLAGS.DF

     + Mostly compliant with the x86-64 ABI
     + Callable from any code that doesn't use SIMD registers
     - Need to document deviations from x86-64 ABI, i.e. MXCSR and FCW

  3) Require the caller to save/restore everything.

     + Fast
     + Userspace can pass all GPRs to the enclave (minus EAX, RBX and RCX)
     - Custom ABI
     - For all intents and purposes must be called from an assembly wrapper

__vdso_sgx_enter_enclave() implements option (3).  The custom ABI is
mostly a documentation issue, and even that is offset by the fact that
being more similar to hardware's ENCLU[EENTER/ERESUME] ABI reduces the
amount of documentation needed for the vDSO, e.g. options (2) and (3)
would need to document which registers are marshalled to/from enclaves.
Requiring an assembly wrapper imparts minimal pain on userspace as SGX
libraries and/or applications need a healthy chunk of assembly, e.g. in
the enclave, regardless of the vDSO's implementation.

Note, the C-like pseudocode describing the assembly routine is wrapped
in a non-existent macro instead of in a comment to trick kernel-doc into
auto-parsing the documentation and function prototype.  This is a double
win as the pseudocode is intended to aid kernel developers, not userland
enclave developers.

[1] Documentation/x86/sgx/1.Architecture.rst

Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Haitao Huang <haitao.huang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Jethro Beekman <jethro@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Dr. Greg Wettstein <greg@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@xxxxxxxxx>
Co-developed-by: Cedric Xing <cedric.xing@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Xing <cedric.xing@xxxxxxxxx>
---
 arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile             |   2 +
 arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds.S           |   1 +
 arch/x86/entry/vdso/vsgx_enter_enclave.S | 169 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/sgx.h          |  18 +++
 4 files changed, 190 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/entry/vdso/vsgx_enter_enclave.S

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
index 715106395c71..1ae23e7d54a9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ VDSO32-$(CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION)	:= y
 
 # files to link into the vdso
 vobjs-y := vdso-note.o vclock_gettime.o vgetcpu.o
+vobjs-$(VDSO64-y)		+= vsgx_enter_enclave.o
 
 # files to link into kernel
 obj-y				+= vma.o extable.o
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ CFLAGS_REMOVE_vdso-note.o = -pg
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_vclock_gettime.o = -pg
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_vgetcpu.o = -pg
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_vvar.o = -pg
+CFLAGS_REMOVE_vsgx_enter_enclave.o = -pg
 
 #
 # X32 processes use x32 vDSO to access 64bit kernel data.
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds.S b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds.S
index 36b644e16272..4bf48462fca7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds.S
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ VERSION {
 		__vdso_time;
 		clock_getres;
 		__vdso_clock_getres;
+		__vdso_sgx_enter_enclave;
 	local: *;
 	};
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/vsgx_enter_enclave.S b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/vsgx_enter_enclave.S
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9331279b8fa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/vsgx_enter_enclave.S
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <asm/export.h>
+#include <asm/errno.h>
+
+#include "extable.h"
+
+#define EX_LEAF		0*8
+#define EX_TRAPNR	0*8+4
+#define EX_ERROR_CODE	0*8+6
+#define EX_ADDRESS	1*8
+
+.code64
+.section .text, "ax"
+
+#ifdef SGX_KERNEL_DOC
+/**
+ * __vdso_sgx_enter_enclave() - Enter an SGX enclave
+ * @leaf:	ENCLU leaf, must be EENTER or ERESUME
+ * @tcs:	TCS, must be non-NULL
+ * @ex_info:	Optional struct sgx_enclave_exception instance
+ * @callback:	Optional callback function to be called on enclave exit or
+ *		exception
+ *
+ * **Important!**  __vdso_sgx_enter_enclave() is **NOT** compliant with the
+ * x86-64 ABI, i.e. cannot be called from standard C code. As noted above,
+ * input parameters must be passed via ``%eax``, ``8(%rsp)``, ``0x10(%rsp)`` and
+ * ``0x18(%rsp)``, with the return value passed via ``%eax``. All other
+ * registers will be passed through to the enclave as is. All registers except
+ * ``%rbp`` must be treated as volatile from the caller's perspective, including
+ * but not limited to GPRs, EFLAGS.DF, MXCSR, FCW, etc... Conversely, the
+ * enclave being run **must** preserve the untrusted ``%rbp``.
+ *
+ * ``callback`` has the following signature:
+ * int callback(long rdi, long rsi, long rdx,
+ *		struct sgx_enclave_exinfo *exinfo, long r8, long r9,
+ *		void *tcs, long ursp);
+ * ``callback`` **shall** follow x86_64 ABI. All GPRs **except** ``%rax``,
+ * ``%rbx`` and ``rcx`` are passed through to ``callback``. ``%rdi``, ``%rsi``,
+ * ``%rdx``, ``%r8``, ``%r9``, along with the value of ``%rsp`` when the enclave
+ * exited/excepted, can be accessed directly as input parameters, while other
+ * GPRs can be accessed in assembly if needed.  A positive value returned from
+ * ``callback`` will be treated as an ENCLU leaf (e.g. EENTER/ERESUME) to
+ * reenter the enclave (without popping the extra data pushed by the enclave off
+ * the stack), while 0 (zero) or a negative return value will be passed back to
+ * the caller of __vdso_sgx_enter_enclave(). It is also safe to leave
+ * ``callback`` via ``longjmp()`` or by throwing a C++ exception.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *    0 on success,
+ *    -EINVAL if ENCLU leaf is not allowed,
+ *    -EFAULT if ENCL or the enclave faults or non-positive value is returned
+ *     from the callback.
+ */
+typedef int (*sgx_callback)(long rdi, long rsi, long rdx,
+			    struct sgx_enclave_exinfo *exinfo, long r8,
+			    long r9, void *tcs, long ursp);
+int __vdso_sgx_enter_enclave(int leaf, void *tcs,
+			     struct sgx_enclave_exinfo *exinfo,
+			     sgx_callback callback)
+{
+	while (leaf == EENTER || leaf == ERESUME) {
+		int rc;
+		try {
+			ENCLU[leaf];
+			rc = 0;
+			if (exinfo)
+				exinfo->leaf = EEXIT;
+		} catch (exception) {
+			rc = -EFAULT;
+			if (exinfo)
+				*exinfo = exception;
+		}
+
+		leaf = callback ? (*callback)(
+			rdi, rsi, rdx, exinfo, r8, r9, tcs, ursp) : rc;
+	}
+
+	if (leaf > 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return leaf;
+}
+#endif
+ENTRY(__vdso_sgx_enter_enclave)
+	/* Prolog */
+	.cfi_startproc
+	push	%rbp
+	.cfi_adjust_cfa_offset	8
+	.cfi_rel_offset		%rbp, 0
+	mov	%rsp, %rbp
+	.cfi_def_cfa_register	%rbp
+
+1:	/* EENTER <= leaf <= ERESUME */
+	cmp	$0x2, %eax
+	jb	6f
+	cmp	$0x3, %eax
+	ja	6f
+
+	/* Load TCS and AEP */
+	mov	0x10(%rbp), %rbx
+	lea	2f(%rip), %rcx
+
+	/* Single ENCLU serving as both EENTER and AEP (ERESUME) */
+2:	enclu
+
+	/* EEXIT path */
+	xor	%ebx, %ebx
+3:	mov	0x18(%rbp), %rcx
+	jrcxz	4f
+	mov	%eax, EX_LEAF(%rcx)
+	jnc	4f
+	mov	%di, EX_TRAPNR(%rcx)
+	mov	%si, EX_ERROR_CODE(%rcx)
+	mov	%rdx, EX_ADDRESS(%rcx)
+
+4:	/* Call *callback if supplied */
+	mov	0x20(%rbp), %rax
+	test	%rax, %rax
+	/* At this point, %ebx holds the effective return value, which shall be
+	 * returned if no callback is specified */
+	cmovz	%rbx, %rax
+	jz	7f
+	/* Align stack per x86_64 ABI. The original %rsp is saved in %rbx to be
+	 * restored after *callback returns. */
+	mov	%rsp, %rbx
+	and	$-0x10, %rsp
+	/* Clear RFLAGS.DF per x86_64 ABI */
+	cld
+	/* Parameters for *callback */
+	push	%rbx
+	push	0x10(%rbp)
+	/* Call *%rax via retpoline */
+	call	40f
+	/* Restore %rsp to its original value left off by the enclave from last
+	 * exit */
+	mov	%rbx, %rsp
+	/* Positive return value from *callback will be interpreted as an ENCLU
+	 * leaf, while a non-positive value will be interpreted as the return
+	 * value to be passed back to the caller. */
+	jmp	1b
+40:	/* retpoline */
+	call	42f
+41:	pause
+	lfence
+	jmp	41b
+42:	mov	%rax, (%rsp)
+	ret
+
+5:	/* Exception path */
+	mov	$-EFAULT, %ebx
+	stc
+	jmp	3b
+
+6:	/* Unsupported ENCLU leaf */
+	cmp	$0, %eax
+	jle	7f
+	mov	$-EINVAL, %eax
+
+7:	/* Epilog */
+	leave
+	.cfi_def_cfa		%rsp, 8
+	ret
+	.cfi_endproc
+
+_ASM_VDSO_EXTABLE_HANDLE(2b, 5b)
+
+ENDPROC(__vdso_sgx_enter_enclave)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/sgx.h b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/sgx.h
index f17d37ca3496..dd653252d76f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/sgx.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/sgx.h
@@ -63,4 +63,22 @@ struct sgx_enclave_set_attribute {
 	__u64 attribute_fd;
 };
 
+/**
+ * struct sgx_enclave_exception - structure to report exceptions encountered in
+ *				  __vdso_sgx_enter_enclave()
+ *
+ * @leaf:	ENCLU leaf from \%eax at time of exception
+ * @trapnr:	exception trap number, a.k.a. fault vector
+ * @error_code:	exception error code
+ * @address:	exception address, e.g. CR2 on a #PF
+ * @reserved:	reserved for future use
+ */
+struct sgx_enclave_exception {
+	__u32 leaf;
+	__u16 trapnr;
+	__u16 error_code;
+	__u64 address;
+	__u64 reserved[2];
+};
+
 #endif /* _UAPI_ASM_X86_SGX_H */
-- 
2.20.1